Objective To investigate the effects of remifentanil on NF-κB activity in a rabbit model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods Fifty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 10 each): sham operation group (group S); group I/R; low dose of remifentanil group (group L); median dose of remifentanil group (group M); high dose of remifentanil group (group H). In group I/R, L,M and H, myocardial I/R was produced by occlusion of left anterior descending artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion.In group S and I/R,10 min before ischemia,normal saline was infused at 5 ml·l·h-1 via the external jugular vein until the end of 120 min reperfusion. In group L, M and H, remifentanil was infused at 1, 5 and 10ug·kg·min-1 respectively 10 min before ischemia until the end of 120 min reperfusion,and the other procedures were the same as those in group I/R. The myocardial tissues were taken at the end of 120 min reperfusion for determination of NF-κB expression which was used to reflect the activity of NF-κB and microscopic examination. Results The activity of NF-κB was significantly higher in group I/R, L, M and H than in group S. The activity of NF-κB was gradually decreased with the increase in the dose of remifentanil in group L, M and H compared with group I/R. The microscopic examination showed that remifentanil significantly attenuated I/R-induced injury in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion Infusion of remifentanil reduces myocardial I/R injury through decreasing the activity of NF-κB in a doee-dependent manner.

Objective To investigate the feature of Th1 cytokines induced by Mtb-specific antigen in patients with refractory pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods 28 patients with refractory pulmonary tuberculosis,67 patients with first-treated pulmonary tuberculosis,and 25 healthy controls with positive T.spot (LTBI group) were enrolled.IFN-γ,IL-2 and TNF-α in supernatants from PBMCs stimulated with ESAT-6 and CFP-10 were analyzed with Bender Flowcytomix on flow cytometry.Results The levels of the three cytokines were utmost high in patients with first-treated pulmonary tuberculosis.The lowest level of IFN-γ and IL-2 were induced in patients with refractory pulmonary tuberculosis,and were significantly lower than the LTBI group(Mann-Whitney U ＝ 105.5,162.5,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The immunotherapy with IFN-γ and IL-2 may play a role in treatment for refractory pulmonary tuberculosis but not for most of first-treated pulmonary tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND: The clinical effect of drug-eluting stent implantation in treatment of coronary artery disease is good, but there may be some differences in the therapeutic effect between different stents. OBJECTIVE:To compare the clinical effect of different stent implantation in treatment of coronary artery disease. METHODS:A total of 278 patients with coronary artery disease were enroled and al underwent coronary artery stent implantation treatment, of which 91 patients underwent implanted rapamycin eluting stent, 92 patients underwent implanted paclitaxel eluting stent, and 95 patients underwent implanted bare metal stents. Al the patients were folowed up for 12 months after stents implantation. The occurrence of adverse cardiac events such as death, myocardial infarction, and the occurrence of coronary restenosis and host reaction were recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The rates of coronary artery stenosis, acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass grafting or second-time percutaneous coronary interventional therapy in the paclitaxel eluting stent and rapamycin eluting stent groups were al lower than those in the bare metal stent group (P< 0.05). There were no significant differences in the above indicators between paclitaxel eluting stent and rapamycin eluting stent groups (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in the mortality between these three groups (P> 0.05). There was no stent shift, shedding, breakage, bad implantation position, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia and hemolysis in these three groups. These results demonstrate that the therapeutic effects of these two kinds of drug-eluting stents are al good enough, and better than those of bare metal stents.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of sling-exercise therapy on cervicogenic headache. Methods 60 patients with cervicogenic headache were divided into 2 groups with 30 patients each. Group I received paravertebral block of C2 once a week for 4 weeks, and Group II received sling-exercise therapy 3 times a week in addition. The Visual Analogue Score (VAS), frequency of pain (per month) before and 1, 3, 6 months after treatment were recorded, and the incidence of improvement was observed. Results In group I, VAS significantly improved 1 and 3 months after treatment (P<0.001), while it lasted 6 months in group II (P<0.001). The VAS improved more in group II 3, 6 months after treatment (P<0.001). It was similar in pain frequency. The incidence of improvement was 33.3% (10/30) and 73.3% (22/30) in group I and group II, respectively (P<0.01). Conclusion Sling-exercise therapy may improve the efficacy of paravertebral block on cervicogenic headache, especially for the long-term.

Objective DryLab software was used to assist high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to test and isolate six Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) probe substrates.Methods Six CYP450 probe substrates were selected and the right HPLC method was developed and validated with the assistance of DryLab software.Results The new HPLC method with the assistance of DryLab software could test and isolate six probe substrates with degrees of isolation more than 2.00. The correlation coefficients (R> 0.999 8) indicated high linear correlation between the concentrations and the peak areas among six probe substrates. Recovery studies showed good results for all the probe substrat from 86.38% to 110.29%. And therelative standard deviation (RSD) ranged from 1.69% to 3.80% with its intra-day and inter-day precision ranging from 0.42% to 2.01%, and 1.36% to 2.29%, respectively.Conclusions The developed HPLC method with the assistance of DryLab could test and isolate six probe substrates with shortertime than the HPLC method alone.

Objective:To explore the relationship between CD244 and the phenotype and function of CD56bright NK cells of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods: PBMCs were isolated from peripheral blood by density gradient centrifugation.The expression of CD244,CD94,NKG2D on the CD56bright NK cells from the active pulmonary tuberculosis patients and healthy controls was detected by flow cytometry.And then analyzed the relationship of the expression of CD244 with Tim3,CD27,CD62L,CCR7,IFN-γ and CD107a in CD56bright NK cells by flow cytometry.Results: The expression of CD244 on the CD56bright NK cells showed no significant difference between the patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy controls without MTB antigen.The expression of CD244 was significantly increased on CD56bright NK cells of patients with tuberculosis stimulated with MTB antigen.The expression of CD94 and NKG2D on CD56bright NK cells showed no difference between patients and healthy controls.The proportion of Tim3+ cells in CD244+CD56bright NK cells was significantly higher than CD244-CD56bright NK cells.While the expression of CD62L and IFN-γ decreased significantly in CD244+CD56bright NK cells.The expression of CD107a on CD56bright NK cells was not significantly different between CD244+ cells and CD244-cells.Conclusion: The expression of CD244 on CD56bright NK cells in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis increased significantly,maybe inhibit IFN-γ co-work with Tim3.CD244 has nothing to do with degranulation of CD56bright NK cells.

Objective To determine the content of total flavonoids and luteolin from Pteris multifida Poir. Methods The content of total flavonoids was determined by gradient elution of macroporous resin D101 and ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The content of luteolin was determined by HPLC. The analysis was performed on a RP-C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with aceconitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid (35:65) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, and 30 ℃ temperature. Results The detection of wave length was set at 349 nm. The content of luteolin was 0.015%, 0.019%, 0.016%, and the content of total flavonoids was 0.015%, 0.019%, 0.016%, respectively. Conclusions The method is suitable for the determination of flavonoids componets from Pteris multifida Poir.

Objective To study the feature of MIG and IFN-γ obtained from PBMCs stimulated with Mtb specific antigens and the potential value in the differential diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis from bacterial pneumonia and primary lung cancer. Methods 90 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and 31 patients with bacterial pneumonia and primary lung cancer were enrolled. MIG and IFN-γin supernatants from PBMCs stimulated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigens were analyzed with Bender Flowcytomix on flow cytometry. The diagnostic values were established based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results PBMCs stimulated with Mtb-specific antigens produced significantly higher levels of MIG compared with IFN-γ The level of MIG in active pulmonary TB patients was significantly higher than in controls(3023.0 pg/ml vs 112.5 pg/ml, P ＜0.0001). The MIG and IFN-γtests were positive in 96. 8 and 86. 7% of the TB patients, the specificity was up to 94. 4 and 87. 1%. With combination of MIG and IFN-γtests, the positive rate increased among TB patients to 97. 8% without a significant decrease in specificity. Conclusions The responses of the MIG and IFN-γagainst to Mtb-specific antigens could be used to discriminate newly-treated active pulmonary tuberculosis fiom bacterial pneumonia and primary lung cancer. Combination of MIG and IFN-γ might be a simple and quick approach to diagnosis newly-treated active pulmonary tuberculosis.

Objective To study the feature of MCP-1 in plasma of active pulmonary tuberculosis patients and the correlation of MCP-1 obtained from PBMCs stimulated with specific Mtb peptides with IFNγ.Methods 20 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and 16 healthy controls with positive PPD were enrolled.The concentration of MCP-1 and IFN-γwas analyzed with Bender Flowcytomix on flow cytometry.Results No statistical difference of MCP-1 concentration in plasma was found between TB patients and controls [(263.8 ± 25.31)pg/ml and(212.1 ± 18.04)pg/ml,P ＞ 0.05].But TB patients with continuous respiratory symptoms showed higher MCP-1 in plasma.The concentration of MCP-1 and IFN-γwas significantly elevated in PBMCs culture supernatants.It was significantly higher in TB patients than in controls [(21460 ±3376)pg/ml vs(10910 ±2141)pg/ml,P ＜0.01].There was no correlation between the concentration of MCP-1 and IFN-γ.Conclusions The concentration of MCP-1 in plasma may be related to the progress of the pulmonary tuberculosis.MCP-1 stimulated by Mtb-specific peptides may be one of the biomarkers for TB diagnosis.

Objective The aims of this study were to develop an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis) for the determination of quaternary ammonium alkaloid content in Lycium ruthenicumMurr., and to analysis the constitution of its nitrogenous compounds by liquid chromatograph - mass spectrometry(LC-MS). Methods The quaternary ammonium alkaloid content was determined by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 524 nm. The ultra performance liquid chromatography(UPLC) analysis was performed on BOS Hypersil C18 column(2.1 mm × 150 mm, 2.4μm), with 0.1％ formic acid solution(A)–acetonitrile(B) as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.3 ml/min, and the column temperature was 35℃, Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) equipped with electrospray ion source was performed in positive ion mode for structure analysis.Results As a standard, the betaine was linear in the range of 981μg-4906μg,Y=0.0001X-0.0055, r=0.9993, and the average recovery rate was 98.53％,RSD=1.19％(n=6). There were 12 nitrogenous compounds analyzed by LC-MS, with N(1)-dihydrocaffeoyl-N(12)-caffeoyl spermine and p-Hydroxyl-cinnamyl-dihydrocaffeoyl spermidine were first reported.Conclusions The method developed in this subject is simple, accurate with good repeatability, which can be applied for determination of quaternary ammonium alkaloid content in Lycium ruthenicumMurr. And the structure analysis of its nitrogenous compounds will deepen the understanding of the compounds inLycium ruthenicumMurr.