Objective To study whether mannitol renal injury can be prevented by administering small dose dopamine without withdrawing mannitol.Methods Thirty adult rabbits were divided into three groups at random: control group(normal saline,NS),non-prevented group [20% mannitol 2g/kg+NS 4.6g/(kg?min),twice a day];prevented group(20% mannitol 2g/kg+dopamine 4.6g/kg min,twice a day).The changes of Bun,Cr,Na+ and K+ were observed.After the experiment the nephridial tissues were made into histological sections,the pathological changes were observed through microscope.Results The contents of Bun and Cr in blood of the non-prevented group were obviously elevated since day 8 and the difference was significant compared to the control group;the contents of Bun and Cr in the prevented group exceeded significantly those in the control group since day 9 between the non-prevented group and the prevented group.There was no significant difference before day 10.Since day 10,the difference became significant.No abnormality was found in the histological section of the control group.Both the renal tubular epithelial cells of the prevented group and non-prevented group were swollen and the renal tubular luminas were confined;however,the pathological changes in the non-prevented group were more severe than those in the prevented group.Conclusion It is effective to administer small-dose dopamine early to protect renal function.

ObjectiveTo compare the prognosis of patiens with acute(within 72 hours) subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) within or without the clinical standardized pathway(CSP).Methods123 acute SAH cases were collected before CSP established meanwhile another 146 cases after CSP established from 2005 to 2009 in neurological intensive care unit of our hospital. Information such as age, gender, Hunt-Hess and CT-Fisher grade, timing and result of digital subtraction arteriography, treating time of aneurysm, and Modified Rankin Scale(MRS) at different time were recorded. Rehaemorrhagia, complications, mortality, prognosis and average stay were compared between two groups.ResultsThere was a significant difference between two groups in rehaemorrhagia, vasospasm，hydrocephaly, mortality, prognosis and average stay.ConclusionCSP is helpful to improve the prognosis of aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare aspirin-β-cyclodextrin-PLGA microspheres,and control its quality. METHODS:Aspirin-β-cy-clodextrin inclusion complexes were firstly prepared,and then aspirin-β-cyclodextrin-PLGA microspheres were prepared by emul-sion-solvent evaporation method. The morphology and particle size of microspheres were detected,and entrapment efficiency and accu-mulative release rate were calculated. With entrapment efficiency as index,orthogonal test was adopted to optimize stirring speed,PVA concentration,PVA volume and feed ratio. RESULTS:The optimal formulation was as follows as stirring speed of 4 000 r/min,PVA concentration of 3%(g/100 ml),PVA volume of 30 ml,feed ratio of 1∶10. Prepared microspheres were round and smooth in appear-ance. Entrapment efficiency of the microspheres was (41.79 ± 1.09)%. The diameter were regular and ranged 0.5-127.5 μm. As drug-loaded microspheres degraded,the release of aspirin was slow and its accumulative release rate was 83%within 600 h. CONCLU-SIONS:Aspirin-β-cyclodextrin-PLGA microspheres are prepared successfully with regular morphology and good sustained-release.

AIM:To study the effects of methylene blue (MB) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced mitochondrial injury in isolated rat hearts.METHODS:Spragure-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into 3 groups randomly (n=6): control group, I/R model group and MB treatment group (IR+MB group).The isolated rat hearts were prepared and set up to Langendorff perfusion.The rats in I/R+MB group received MB (2 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection 2 h before operation.The hearts in control group were perfused with K-H solution for 110 min consecutively.The hearts in I/R group and I/R+MB group were in equilibrium for 20 min, following by 45 min of global ischemia, and then reperfused for 60 min.The heart rate (HR), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), left ventricular pressure maximum change rate (±dp/dtmax) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were recorded.The perfusate was collected to determine the activity of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).The contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the myocardial tissues were all determined.Histopathological examination of left ventricle was performed.The mitochondria from the heart tissues was isolated and the mitochondrial swelling and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were analyzed.RESULTS:Compared with control group, the hearts in I/R group showed poorer function, higher CK-MB and LDH levels in the perfusate, increased ROS and MDA contents, higher SOD activity and less ATP content in the heart tissues (P<0.05).Furthermore, the mitochondrial swelling level increased and MMP reduced in I/R group (P<0.05).Compared to I/R group, MB improved heart function and reduced the release of CK-MB and LDH (P<0.05).MB also decreased ROS and MDA contents, and increased the activity of SOD and the content of ATP (P<0.05).In addition, MB alleviated mitochondrial swelling and restored the reduced MMP (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: MB protects the isolated rat hearts from I/R-induced injury by attenuating the damage of mitochondria.

Objective:To compare the durability of resin-based root-surface coating material and all-in-one self-etching adhesive on root surface in vitro.Methods:Human extracted premolars or molars with intact roots were selected.The cementum was removed using a periodontal scaler to expose root dentin. The root surface was coated with an acid-resistant nail varnish,leaving a window of 3 mm ×3 mm on the exposed dentin.The window was covered with either PRG Barrier Coat (PRG)or Clearfil S3 Bond (CS3).After water aging for 14 d,specimens were immersed in acid buffer at pH 4.5 for 4 d and the demineralization buffer was changed every 24 h.Then the specimen was split longitudinally through the center of the ‘window’and the cross-sectional surface was observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM).After fixed and dehydrated,the prepared samples were coated with platinum.The coating mate-rial,root dentin and the interface was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM).The thickness of the coating material was measured on the SEMimages.Regarding toothbrush wear test,coronal dentin-disks were prepared and covered with PRG and CS3,respectively.After storage in water for 24 h,the specimen was subjected to the toothbrush wear tester for 100,200,300,500,700,1 500 brushing cy-cles.A slurry of fluoride toothpaste (1 ∶2 ratio of toothpaste and deionized water by weight)was used and the brushing load was 300 N.The surface microstructure of remaining coating material was analyzed using SEM.The wear depths were determined by a profilometer.Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 20.0 by one-way ANOVA.The level of significance was at 0.05.Results:Application of PRG Barrier Coat produced a coating layer of (47.1 ±27.3)μm,while CS3 presented a thin film of (5.7 ± 2.1)μm in thickness.The exposed dentin was hermetically sealed and no obvious gap was observed at the interface in both PRG and CS3 groups.There was no dentin demineralization observed in both groups after water aging.The wear depths of PRG and CS3 increased along with the numbers of brushing cycles. PRG wore at a significant lower pace than CS3 did (P <0.05).Conclusion:PRG coating resin had similar performances as CS3 on protecting root dentin from demineralization after water aging.What’s more,PRG demonstrated a higher toothbrush wear resistance than CS3.We concluded that PRG Barrier Coat contained S-PRG filler may be an effective coating material for protecting exposed root from both chemical and mechanical challenges.Further studies should be carried out to evaluate the long-term reli-ability of the rootsurface coating materials under the clinical setting.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficiency of recombinant adenovirus p53 injection (rAd-p53) combining chemotherapy in the treatment of malignant body cavity effusion. METHODS: 50 cases with malignant body cavity effusion were randomly divided into 2 groups. The treatment group were given intracavitary administration of rAd-p53 1 ? 1012VP after puncture drainage, 48h later which were given intracavitary administration of 60mg/m2 cisplatin once a week for 3～4 weeks. The control group was given the same intracavitary therapy as the treatment group but without rAd-p53 therapy. RESULTS: The total effective rates of the treatment group and the control group were 85.7% and 51.7%(P

Objective To establish effective method for large-scale purification of islet cells from pig pan-cress. Methods Pig pancreas tissue was digested with collagenase P followed by purification in a HCA-Fi-coil dis continuous gradient using Cobe2991 cell separator. After isolation, the islet cell yield and purity were evaluated with light microscope with DTZ staining, and the islet function assessed by insulin release as-say in vitro. Results The number of the islets coll ected from each pancreas averaged (275 000±20 895)islet equivalents (IEQ) before purification, and (230 350±26 679) IEQ after the purification with discon-tinuous gradient centrifugation. From each gram of the pancreatic tissue, (2710±229) IEQ were obtained with an average purity of (50.2±1.95) %. The purified islets responded well to high-concentration (16.7 mmol/L) glucose stimulation with a 4. 74-fold increase of insulin secretion over the basal level (3.3 mmol/L, P <0.001). Conclusion The established method can be applicable for large-scale purifi-cation of fully functional islet cells from pig pancreas.

AIM: To investigate the effects of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) scaffolding domain peptide, cavtratin, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse acute lung injury and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) activity.METHODS: Adult male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=8 to 10): control, Antennapedia internalization sequence (AP), LPS, LPS+hemin, LPS+ hemin+cavtratin and LPS+hemin+cavtratin+zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) groups.After LPS administration for 24 h, the lung pathological changes, the wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio of lung tissues, total cell number in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum lactate dehydrogenase activity were measured.The co-localization of HO-1 and Cav-1 was displayed by immunofluorescence, and the HO-1 activity were detected.The mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1 and iNOS was detected by real-time PCR.RESULTS: The mice in LPS+hemin+cavtratin group had the decreased interaction between HO-1 and Cav-1, and the increased HO-1 activity compare with LPS group (P<0.05).Compared with LPS group, the pulmonary damage was attenuated in LPS+hemin+cavtratin group, and the injury indexes, including W/D ratio, total cell number in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lactate dehydrogenase activity in the serum, and the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines all decreased (P<0.05).HO-1 activity inhibitor ZnPP abolished the above protective effect of cavtratin on the lung tissues with LPS-induced acute lung injury.CONCLUSION: Cavtratin has beneficial effects on the lung with LPS-induced acute injury by restoring the HO-1 activity.

BACKGROUNDCisplatin has remarkable anti-tumor effects against various malignancies. Of its severe adverse reactions, nausea and vomiting are considered to be dose-limiting factors in cisplatin therapy. The anti-emetic properties of 5-HT₃ receptor antiagonists, such as ramosetron, can reduce nausea/vomiting. In order to evaluate the clinical efficacy of ramosetron injection against nausea and vomiting in treatment of cisplatin, a randomized control study was performed to compare the efficacy of anti-nausea and vomiting between ramosetron and ondansetron.

METHODSA randomized parallel control trial was carried out. One hundred patients were randomized divided into 2 groups: ramosetron group (n=50) and ondansetron group (n=50). Ramosetron was given intravenously 30 minutes before chemotherapy in a dose of 0.3mg. Ondansetron was given intravenously 15 minutes before chemotherapy and after chemotherapy in a dose of 8mg .

RESULTSThe effective rate of nausea by ramosetron was 82%, 72% and 84% for the first three days. The effective rate of nausea by ondansetron in a 3-day period was 84%, 70% and 76% for the first three days. Ramosetron and ondansetron were equally effective in the control of nausea induced by cisplatin. The control rate of vomiting by ramosetron was 88%, 86% and 90% for the first three days. The control rate of vomiting by ondansetron was 80%, 76% and 86% for the first three days. Ramosetron was more effective than ondansetron in controlling vomiting, but without statistical difference between the two groups. The side effects of ramosetron and ondansetron were similar.

CONCLUSIONSRamosetron can effectively prevent the nausea and vomiting induced by cisplatin chemotherapy. The efficacy of ramosetron in controlling nausea and vomiting is better than that of ondansetron.

Objective:To explore the use of internet-based continuous visual recognition task (MemTrax test, MTX) as a rapid screening tool for amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).Methods:Sixty-four patients with aMCI and 64 individuals with normal cognition as healthy controls were enrolled respectively from Department of Neurology and Health Examination Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from August 2018 to December 2019. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale and MTX were adopted to assess the cognitive function of all subjects. The total adjusted MoCA scale score, correct rate of MTX, reaction time of MTX and MTX score were obtained and statistically analyzed.Results:The adjusted MoCA scale scores of aMCI patients and healthy controls were 19 (14, 24) and 26 (24, 27; Z=6.795), the correct rate of MTX of aMCI patients and healthy controls were 74% (60%, 80%) and 88% (84%, 94%; Z=8.359), and the MTX score of aMCI patients and healthy controls were 51.11±14.07 and 70.56±14.91 ( t=7.590), respectively, all with statistically significant difference ( P<0.001). Reaction time of MTX of aMCI patients and healthy controls was 1.401 (1.253, 1.590) s and 1.277 (1.163, 1.410) s, respectively ( Z=3.083, P<0.01). After adjustment for age, physical or mental occupation, exercise, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, stroke, sleep time, as well as smoke, the linear regression showed that the aMCI patients had a significant decrease of adjusted MoCA score, correct rate of MTX and MTX score ( P<0.001), and an extension of reaction time of MTX ( P=0.071), compared with the controls. By MTX and MoCA scale assessment, the best cutoff value was 81% for correct rate of MTX and 23 for adjusted MoCA scale score respectively for the prediction of aMCI (with sensitivity of 79.7%, 93.8% respectively, and specificity of 68.8%, 82.8% respectively). The area under the curve (AUC) of correct rate of MTX was 0.93 (95% CI 0.89-0.97, P<0.001), and the AUC of adjusted MoCA score was 0.85 (95% CI 0.78-0.91, P<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in paired comparison of the two AUCs (χ2=4.620, P<0.05). Conclusion:MTX acts better for the detection of aMCI than MoCA scale, and correct rate of MTX<81% can be considered as the existence of MCI.