Objective To observe the expression and distribution of myofibroblasts in the healing process of bile duct and discuss its function and significance in the process of iatrogenic biliary stricture formation. Methods A model of trauma-repair of bile duct in the dog was made . The anastomosis tissues on week 1,3 and month 3,6 after operation were studied with TEM and immunohistochemical SP staining of SMA. Results Myofibroblasts functioned actively and lasted for the whole process, extracellular matrix overdeposited. SMA staining was observed in myofibroblasts and highly expressed from 1 week to 6 months after operation. The consequence easily leaded to scar contracture and anastomoctic stenosis. Conclusion Myofibroblast is the main cause of scar contracture of bile duct.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of manipulative reduction combined with small-splint fixation for the treatment of Barton's fracture.Methods The apposition state,time for swelling disappearance,time for pain relief,and the score evaluated with Gartland-Werley(GW) criteria modified by Sarmiento were observed for the evaluation of therapeutic effect on Barton's fracture patients.Results After manipulative reduction combined with small-splint fixation,the apposition state was good,and volar tilting angle and ulnar inclination were improved in the patients.Time for the disappearance of swelling on the back of hand ranged from 4 to 14 days,averaged 6.0?1.6 days.Time for pain relief ranged from 3 to 10 days,averaged 6.4?1.6 days.Time for the union of fracture ranged from 30 to 60 days,averaged 35.4?8.3 days.The mean modified GW score was 3.6?2.5,and the score was excellent in 29 patients and good in 41 patients.Conclusion Manipulative reduction combined with small-splint fixation is effective and practical for the treatment of Barton's fracture.

Objective:To observe the dynamic of neurological severity scores (NSS) and the expressions of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in rats with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI), and to explore the effect of Huoxue Huayu decoction.Methods:A total of 126 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into seven groups by random number table with 18 rats in each group, namely control group (normal saline 2 kg/L), model group (normal saline 2 kg/L), brain protolysate group (BP group, 5.6 g/kg), Taohong Siwu decoction group (TH group, 10.2 g/kg), Xuefu Zhuyu decoction group (XF group, 15.6 g/kg), Tongqiao Huoxue decoction group (TQ group, 9.6 g/kg) and Buyang Huanwu decoction group (BY group, 28.7 g/kg). The sTBI rat model was reproduced by modified Feeney free fall method, and the rats in the control group were not treated with trauma. The rats in each group were intragastrical administered with corresponding drugs at 6 hours after injury, and the NSS scores were evaluated on the 1st, 3rd and 7th days after injury. After the hippocampus was harvested, the mRNA expressions of Wnt3a and β-catenin were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the positive expressions of BDNF and NGF were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results:Compared with the control group, the rats in the model group showed obvious symptoms of craniocerebral injury at 1 day after injury, which was manifested as significantly increased NSS score, up-regulated mRNA expressions of Wnt3a and β-catenin, and increased positive expressions of BDNF and NGF, which indicated that the sTBI rat model was successfully prepared and presented a certain self-repair ability with the extension of time. Compared with the model group, NSS scores in the XF group, TQ group and BY group significantly decreased at 1 day after injury (6.6±1.5, 6.1±2.0, 5.7±2.4 vs. 9.4±1.5, all P < 0.05); however, the NSS scores in the BP group and TH group decreased significantly at 7 days after injury, and the NSS scores in the TQ group and BY group decreased more significantly than those in other drug groups. Compared with the model group, mRNA expressions of Wnt3a and β-catenin in the hippocampus of the BP group increased significantly at 1 day and 3 days after injury, respectively, and continued to increase with the extension of time. The mRNA expression levels of Wnt3a and β-catenin in the four groups of Huoxue Huayu decoction fluctuated to varying degrees from 1 day to 3 days after injury, but they were significantly higher than those in the model group at 7 days after injury, and the increase was more significant in the BY group [Wnt3a mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 154.7±4.1 vs. 17.4±1.0, β-catenin mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 17.05±0.45 vs. 2.74±0.13, both P < 0.05], and the second was the TQ group [Wnt3a mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 126.6±2.8 vs. 17.4±1.0, β-catenin mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 8.70±1.19 vs. 2.74±0.13, both P < 0.05]. Compared with the model group, the positive expressions of BDNF and NGF in the BP group increased significantly at 1 day after injury, but decreased after 3 days after peak. The positive expressions of BDNF and NGF in the four Huoxue Huayu decoction groups fluctuated to varying degrees from 1 day to 3 days after injury, but they were significantly higher than those in the model group at 7 days after injury, among which, the positive expressions of BDNF and NGF in the TQ group and BY group were significantly higher than those in the model group at 1 day after injury [BDNF positive cells (cells/MP): 56.4±6.2, 61.6±7.0 vs. 37.4±2.0, NGF positive cells (cells/MP): 58.4±5.0, 62.4±4.4 vs. 53.4±3.6, all P < 0.05], the increase amplitude at 7 days after injury was more significant than those in the other groups. Conclusions:Taohong Siwu decoction, Xuefu Zhuyu decoction, Tongqiao Huoxue decoction and Buyang Huanwu decoction have curative effect on the nerve regeneration and repair of rats with sTBI at acute stage, but the intensity of the effect is different. Buyang Huanwu decoction and Tongqiao Huoxue decoction have a fast and better effect.

Objective:To explore the effectiveness of an information system on the prevention and control of venous thromboembolism(VTE)in elderly inpatients.Methods:Through retrospectively reviewing medical records of Beijing Shijitan Hospital and files of all patients admitted to the geriatric department of our hospital before and after an information management system was instituted, data of those diagnosed with deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities, intermuscular venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary thromboembolism(PE)at discharge were collected.General information, prognosis of disease, risk factors for VTE, the detection rate and assessment rate of VTE and other factors were analyzed.Methods:A total of 146 patients were enrolled, and they were mainly elderly patients from the respiratory, cardiology and integrative medicine wards.Diabetes mellitus, cancer and chronic heart failure were the top-three high-risk diseases, and most patients were at high risk or very high risk.The rate of elderly patients assessed as at high risk for VTE on admission was higher after the institution of the information system than that before the institution(93.22% vs.24.66%, P<0.05). The rate of VTE patients receiving standard diagnosis and anticoagulant treatment procedures had an upward trend since the information system became available, compared with before(8.47% vs.5.48%, P>0.05). There was a downward trend in the incidence of PE and all-cause mortality with the use of the information system(3.39% vs.9.59%, 5.08% vs.9.59%, P>0.05). Conclusions:The use of information systems can effectively increase the risk assessment rate for VTE and reduce the incidence of related adverse events in hospitalized elderly patients.

Objective: To observe the effects of diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG) on nerve regeneration repair in rats with severe traumatic brain injury (STBI) from the perspective of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Methods: Seventy-two Sprague-Dawle (SD) male rats were randomly divided into normal group, STBI model group, ganglioside (GA) treatment group and DG treatment group. The STBI animal model was reproduced referring to modified Feeney free fall impact model. No injury was made in normal group. Six hours after modeling, monosialotetrahexosylganglioside sodium injection and DG injection were injected via tail vein of rats in GA treatment group and DG treatment group respectively, once a day for 7 days. Normal group and STBI model group were given the same amount of normal saline. Six rats in each group were sacrificed on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after the challenge for neurological severity score (NSS), and then the blood of abdominal aorta was drawn and brain tissue was harvested. The contents of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The pathological changes of sub-granular zone (SGZ) were observed under light microscope after hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the mRNA expressions of Wnt3a, β-catenin, glycogen synthetase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and Axin. Results: ① There was no neurological deficit in the normal group and NSS was 0. NSS score of rats increased significantly on the first day after modeling, and then decreased gradually over time. NSS of the rats treated with GA and DG were significantly lower than that of the STBI model rats (score: 7.33±2.07, 6.17±2.23 vs. 9.33±1.63, both P < 0.01). Though NSS gradually decreased over time, the differences were still statistically significant on the 7th day (score: 2.67±0.82, 1.00±0.00 vs. 6.17±2.23, both P < 0.01), and NSS of DG treatment group was significantly lower than that of GA treatment group. ② In SGZ of rats, cells were arranged in a compact and orderly way in the normal group, but neurons and tissues were damaged and destroyed at different time points in the STBI model group. After either GA or DG treatment, the damage of nerve tissue was improved gradually over time, and the effect of DG was more obvious.③ In the normal group, the mRNA expressions of Wnt3a and β- catenin were almost not expressed, the mRNA expressions of GSK-3β and Axin were higher, and the contents of BDNF and NGF in serum were less. On the 1st day after STBI, the mRNA expressions of Wnt3a and β- catenin in hippocampus, the contents of BDNF and NGF in serum were significantly increased, and the mRNA expressions of GSK-3βand Axin were significantly decreased. The mRNA expressions of Wnt3a and β- catenin in the hippocampus and the contents of BDNF and NGF in serum were significantly higher than those in the model group 1 day after GA or DG was added, the mRNA expressions of GSK-3β and Axin were significantly decreased, and the effect of DG was more significant than that of GA [Wnt3a mRNA (2^-ΔΔCt): 3.51±0.14 vs. 2.93±0.05, β- catenin mRNA (2^-ΔΔCt): 1.90±0.08 vs. 1.75±0.04, BDNF (ng/L): 4.06±0.55 vs. 3.16±0.64, NGF (ng/L): 9.53±1.08 vs. 7.26±0.43, GSK-3β mRNA (2^-ΔΔCt): 0.75±0.01 vs. 0.79±0.01, Axin mRNA (2^-ΔΔCt): 0.74±0.02 vs. 0.76±0.02, all P < 0.05]. It was gradually increasing or decreasing over time and the difference was still statistically significant up to the 7th day. Conclusion DG can promote the recovery of nerve function in rats with STBI, and its mechanism may be related to the regeneration of nerve cells proliferation and differentiation by Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the reconstruction of nerve tissue in SGZ of hippocampus.

Astrocytes are the largest glial population in the mammalian brain. However, we have a minimal understanding of astrocyte development, especially fate specification in different regions of the brain. Through lineage tracing of the progenitors of the third ventricle (3V) wall via in-utero electroporation in the embryonic mouse brain, we show the fate specification and migration pattern of astrocytes derived from radial glia along the 3V wall. Unexpectedly, radial glia located in different regions along the 3V wall of the diencephalon produce distinct cell types: radial glia in the upper region produce astrocytes and those in the lower region produce neurons in the diencephalon. With genetic fate mapping analysis, we reveal that the first population of astrocytes appears along the zona incerta in the diencephalon. Astrogenesis occurs at an early time point in the dorsal region relative to that in the ventral region of the developing diencephalon. With transcriptomic analysis of the region-specific 3V wall and lateral ventricle (LV) wall, we identified cohorts of differentially-expressed genes in the dorsal 3V wall compared to the ventral 3V wall and LV wall that may regulate astrogenesis in the dorsal diencephalon. Together, these results demonstrate that the generation of astrocytes shows a spatiotemporal pattern in the developing mouse diencephalon.
Mice ; Animals ; Astrocytes ; Neuroglia/physiology* ; Diencephalon ; Brain ; Neurons ; Mammals