Objective:To assess the accuracy of two-dimensional (2D) photographs in measuring esthetic parameters of the maxillary anterior teeth by comparing them with measurements obtained from three-dimensional (3D) dental models.Methods:A total of one hundred volunteers (49 males, 51 females, aged 18-23 years) were recruited from School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University from January to February 2024. 3D digital models of their dentitions were obtained using an intraoral scanner, and standardized frontal 2D intraoral photographs were captured with a digital camera. The lengths, widths and width/length ratio of the bilateral incisors, lateral incisors and canines were measured on both the 3D digital models and the 2D intraoral photographs. The width ratios of adjacent maxillary anterior were also calculated on the 2D intraoral photographs and the frontal view of 3D digital models.Results:The widths of lateral incisors [(5.85±0.60) mm] and canines [(4.73±0.71) mm] and the lengths of canines [(8.72±0.96) mm] in the 2D intraoral photographs were significantly lower than those in 3D digital models [(6.65±0.59), (7.76±0.60), (8.90±0.86) mm] ( t=-18.24, P<0.001; t=-54.43, P<0.001; t=-4.40, P<0.001), while there were no significant differences in the lengths and widths of the other teeth ( P>0.05). The width/length ratios measured from the 2D intraoral photographs for the lateral incisors and canines (0.74±0.08, 0.55±0.08) were significantly lower than those measured in the 3D digital models (0.84±0.09, 0.88±0.09) ( t=-19.68, P<0.001; t=-50.21, P<0.001), and the width/length ratio of the central incisors showed no significant difference between the two groups ( P>0.05). The width ratios of canines/lateral incisors and lateral incisors/central incisors measured on the 2D intraoral photographs (0.72±0.06, 0.85±0.11) were significantly smaller than those measured in the frontal view of 3D digital models (0.75±0.06, 0.89±0.11) ( t=-9.31, P<0.001; t=-6.58, P<0.001). Conclusions:There is a difference between 2D and 3D measurement results of teeth in the esthetic area and the magnitude of the difference varies with their position in the dental arch. When analyzing the measurement of the anterior teeth, it is necessary to choose the appropriate method according to the target tooth position.

Objective To explore the value of energy spectrum CT based material imaging for quantitatively and qualitatively evaluating lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration.Methods Lumbar energy spectrum CT and MRI were collected from 82 patients with back and leg pain,and 74 keV CT,water(chondroitin sulfate[CS])and CS(water)material images were obtained.Intervertebral discs Pfirrmann grading(PG)was performed based on MRI.CT values,water(CS)and CS(water)concentration of nucleus pulposus(NP)and annulus fibrosus(AF)in lumbar intervertebral disc with different PG grades were compared,and the relations with PG grades were analyzed.Visual classification of lumbar intervertebral disc was performed based on water(CS)and CS(water)falsecolor map,while PG distribution of different visual classification were compared,and the relations with PG grades were observed.Results Totally 250 lumbar intervertebral discs were enrolled,including 22 of PG Ⅰ,49 of PG Ⅱ,83 of PG Ⅲ and 96 of PG Ⅳ.CT values,water(CS)and CS(water)concentration of anterior AF,NP and posterior AF of intervertebral disc with different PG grades were significantly different(all P＜0.001),and CT values were negatively correlated with PG grades(rs=-0.504,-0.399,-0.258,all P＜0.001),while water(CS)concentration was positively correlated(rs=0.476,0.753,0.324,all P＜0.001)but CS(water)concentration was negatively correlated with PG grades(rs=-0.486,-0.760,-0.329,all P＜0.001).Significant differences of PG grades were found among different water(CS)and CS(water)falsecolor images visual classification(all P＜0.001),while water(CS)and CS(water)falsecolor images visual classification were all positively correlated with PG grades(all rs≥0.700,all P＜0.001).Conclusion Energy spectrum CT based material imaging could be used for quantitatively and qualitatively evaluating lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration.

Rapid and accurate detection technologies are crucial for disease prevention and control. In particular, the COVID-19 pandemic has posed a great threat to our society, highlighting the importance of rapid and highly sensitive detection techniques. In recent years, CRISPR/Cas-based gene editing technique has brought revolutionary advances in biotechnology. Due to its fast, accurate, sensitive, and cost-effective characteristics, the CRISPR-based nucleic acid detection technology is revolutionizing molecular diagnosis. CRISPR-based diagnostics has been applied in many fields, such as detection of infectious diseases, genetic diseases, cancer mutation, and food safety. This review summarized the advances in CRISPR-based nucleic acid detection systems and its applications. Perspectives on intelligent diagnostics with CRISPR-based nucleic acid detection and artificial intelligence were also provided.
Humans ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics* ; COVID-19/genetics* ; Pandemics ; Artificial Intelligence ; Nucleic Acids

Objective To investigate the value of dual-energy CT quantitative parameters combined with CT features for predicting perineural invasion(PNI)of colorectal adenocarcinoma.Methods Preoperative whole-abdominal CT data of 79 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma confirmed by postoperative pathology were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into PNI group(n=31)or no PNI group(n=48).Univariate analysis was used to compare CT features and dual-energy CT quantitative parameters between groups,and the variables with significant differences were included in binary logistic regression analysis to construct a combined model.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were drawn and area under the curve(AUC)were calculated,the efficacy of single CT parameters and combined model for predicting PNI of colorectal adenocarcinoma were evaluated.Results There were significant differences of the location of the primary lesion,the maximum thickness of the diseased intestinal wall,the presence or absence of peritumoral lymph node metastases,peritumoral mesenteric streak shadow and tumor deposits shown on CT between groups(all P＜0.05).Significant differences of the arterial phase slope of energy spectrum curve(λHU),iodine concentration(IC),normalized IC(NIC),dual energy index and the venous phase NIC of dual energy index were found between groups(all P＜0.05).AUC of the above single parameters for predicting PNI of colorectal adenocarcinoma ranged from 0.615 to 0.698,while of the combined model was 0.864.Conclusion Dual-energy CT quantitative parameters combined with CT features could be used to effectively predict PNI of colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Objective:To evaluate clinical characteristics and treatment of postoperative anastomotic stricture in pediatric congenital biliary dilatation patients.Methods:The clinical data of 24 children with postoperative anastomotic stricture from Apr 2012 to Oct 2019 in Beijing Children's Hospital was retrospectively analyzed.Results:There were 6 males and 18 females. Patients were divided into bile- leak group (BL, n=6) and non bile-leak group (NBL, n=18) based on whether there was anastomotic leakage after primary surgery. The main symptoms in BL group was persistent obstructive jaundice, and recurrent cholangitis in NBL group. Postoperative symptoms were first shown in an average of 7.0 months in BL group, compared to 59.0 months in NBL group, P<0.05. In BL group, 4 underwent redoing hepaticojejunostomy, 2 underwent anastomosis plasty. In NBL group, 3 underwent redoing hepaticojejunostomy, 15 did anastomosis plasty with multiple biliary stones found necessitating extraction. After reoperation, one patient had bile leakage, 2 patients had recurrent cholangitis within one-month, 21 patients had uneventful recovery. Five were found to have biliary stones in long-term follow-up. Conclusions:Biliary-enteric anastomotic leakage can cause stricture in postoperative patients of congenital biliary dilatation ,reoperation is necessary in symptomatic patients.

Objective:To examine the safety and effectiveness of a novel stent assisted intestinal bypass for preventing anastomotic leakage in laparoscopic assisted radical resection of rectal cancer.Methods:The clinical data of 9 patients with rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical resection and stent assisted intestinal bypass from September 2019 to June 2020 at the Department of Anus & Intestine Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University were retrospectively analyzed. There were 6 males and 3 females, aged (62.1±6.8) years (range: 53 to 75 years), underwent laparoscopic assisted radical resection of rectal cancer and stent assisted intestinal bypass. A degradable diverting stent was placed at the end of the ileum, and a drainage tube was placed at the proximal end of the stent to bypass the intestinal contents. After operation, the patients were given a diet with less residue. From the 14 th day after operation, abdomen X-ray films were taken every 5 to 7 days to observe the destination of the stent dynamically. When the stent was observed to be disintegrated into pieces, the drainage tube was clamped for 3 days to observe any side effects before the tube was removed. The operation time, the time of removing the bypass tube and the total hospital stay were recorded. Results:Laparoscopic assisted radical resection of rectal cancer and stent assisted intestinal bypass were successfully performed in all patients. The operation time was (230.4±48.0) minutes (range: 150 to 318 minutes), and the time of removing shunt tube was (28.8±4.6) days (range: 22 to 34 days). The duration of hospitalization was (21.0±8.6) days (range: 9 to 34 days). Postoperative pathological examination showed 7 cases of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, 1 case of moderately well differentiated adenocarcinoma and 1 case of mucinous adenocarcinoma. There were 2 cases of T1, 4 cases of T2 and 3 cases of T3. The number of lymph node dissection was 13.4±3.5 (range: 6 to 18), 3 cases were positive and 6 cases were negative. The post-operation follow-up time was 6 to 16 months, no anastomotic leakage or stenosis was found.Conclusion:Stent assisted intestinal bypass for the prevention of anastomotic leakage in laparoscopic assisted radical resection of rectal cancer is safe and feasible, and shows good short-term effect.

Objective:To examine the safety and effectiveness of a novel stent assisted intestinal bypass for preventing anastomotic leakage in laparoscopic assisted radical resection of rectal cancer.Methods:The clinical data of 9 patients with rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical resection and stent assisted intestinal bypass from September 2019 to June 2020 at the Department of Anus & Intestine Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University were retrospectively analyzed. There were 6 males and 3 females, aged (62.1±6.8) years (range: 53 to 75 years), underwent laparoscopic assisted radical resection of rectal cancer and stent assisted intestinal bypass. A degradable diverting stent was placed at the end of the ileum, and a drainage tube was placed at the proximal end of the stent to bypass the intestinal contents. After operation, the patients were given a diet with less residue. From the 14 th day after operation, abdomen X-ray films were taken every 5 to 7 days to observe the destination of the stent dynamically. When the stent was observed to be disintegrated into pieces, the drainage tube was clamped for 3 days to observe any side effects before the tube was removed. The operation time, the time of removing the bypass tube and the total hospital stay were recorded. Results:Laparoscopic assisted radical resection of rectal cancer and stent assisted intestinal bypass were successfully performed in all patients. The operation time was (230.4±48.0) minutes (range: 150 to 318 minutes), and the time of removing shunt tube was (28.8±4.6) days (range: 22 to 34 days). The duration of hospitalization was (21.0±8.6) days (range: 9 to 34 days). Postoperative pathological examination showed 7 cases of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, 1 case of moderately well differentiated adenocarcinoma and 1 case of mucinous adenocarcinoma. There were 2 cases of T1, 4 cases of T2 and 3 cases of T3. The number of lymph node dissection was 13.4±3.5 (range: 6 to 18), 3 cases were positive and 6 cases were negative. The post-operation follow-up time was 6 to 16 months, no anastomotic leakage or stenosis was found.Conclusion:Stent assisted intestinal bypass for the prevention of anastomotic leakage in laparoscopic assisted radical resection of rectal cancer is safe and feasible, and shows good short-term effect.

OBJECTIVE：To investiga te main risk factors for adverse drug reactions （ADR）of skin by intravenous injection of iodine contrast agent. METHODS ：From Jan. 2009 to Apr. 2020，the patients suffering from skin ADR after enhanced CT with iodine contrast agent were collected from our hospital. The basic information ，laboratory test results before using iodine contrast agent and ADR related information were collected through hospital information system （HIS）. The use of iodine contrast agent ，main manifestations of skin ADR and drug combination were analyzed statistically. Taking the sex ，age，body mass index （BMI），the dosage of iodine contrast agent ，length of stay ，laboratory examination ，tumor history ，basic disease ，allergy history ，drinking history as independent variables ，the incidence of skin ADR related to iodine contrast agent was analyzed by single factor analysis ，and the variables with statistically significant were selected for multivariate Logistic stepwise regression analysis. RESULTS ：There were 157 cases of skin ADR ，involving 79 males（50.3％）and 78 females（49.7％）. The age ranged from 19 to 86 years old ，being（52.68± 18.73）years old in average. BMI was 14.6-40.7 kg/m2，being（22.5±3.7） kg/m2. 67 cases（42.68％）were treated with iprodione ，34 cases（21.66％）with iodixanol ，31 cases（19.74％）with iohexol and 25 cases（15.92％）with iopamidol ；the dose of iodine contrast agent were 50-100 mL，being（73.06±13.29）mL in average. There was no significant difference among different dosage of 4 kinds of iodine contrast agents （P≤0.05）. Among 4 kinds of iodine contrast agents ，the incidence of skin ADR induced by iopromide was the highest（0.197％）. The skin ADR related to iodine contrast agent was mainly acute （89.2％），the severity was mild （75.2％），and urticaria（38.9％）was the most common. After symptomatic treatment ，135 cases were cured ，13 cases were improved and 9 cases were not improved. Among the patients with iodine contrast agent related skin ADR ，the incidence of ADR induced by combined use of anti infective drugs was the highest （33.1％）；however，the combined use of anti-tumor drugs was the main cause of severe skin ADR. The length of stay ｛11～20 d[OR＝1.21，95％CI（1.07，1.20），P＝0.042]、21～30 d[OR＝1.39，95％CI（1.12，1.52），P＝0.035]、31～40 d[OR＝1.15，95％CI（1.03，1.37），P＝0.008]、＞40 d[OR＝1.33，95％CI（1.28，1.53），P＝0.003]｝，respitatory and circulatory system tumor history[OR ＝1.51，95％CI（1.35，1.61），P＝0.037]，injection allergy history[OR ＝1.50，95％CI（1.37，1.59），P＝0.005] can significantly increase the incidence of iodine contrast agent related skin ADR. CONCLUSIONS ：The main manifestation of skin ADR related to iodine contrast agent was urticaria. The main risk factors of skin ADR related to iodine contrast agent were length of stay （＞ 10 d），respiratory and circulatory system tumor history and injection allergy history.

Objective To investigate the spectrum of CYP21A2 gene mutation and the correlation between genotype and phenotype in patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency in Tianjin and surrounding areas.Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood samples of the proband.Locus-specific PCR,direct sequencing of PCR amplification products,and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification were applied to detect pathogenic gene CYP21A2 and the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes was analyzed.Results (1) Of 35 patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency,25 were classified as salt-wasting phenotype and 10 were simple virilizing phenotype.(2) 69 mutant alleles were detected in a total of 70 alleles in 35 patients.Only one mutant allele was detected in one patient.Two mutant alleles were detected in all other patients,with the mutation detection rate 98.6％.(3) A total of 6 types of mutations were detected,of which c.293-13C/A＞G (I2G) was the most common,accounting for 57.1％ (40/70),followed by 18.6％ (13/70) for large gene deletion or conversion,and 14.3％ (10/70) for p.I173N.In addition,a novel mutation,c.949C＞T (p.R317X),which has not been reported previously,was detected as a pathogenic mutation.(4) Correlation analysis of genotype and phenotype in 35 children showed that the phenotype predicted by genotype was consistent with the actual salt-wasting phenotype in 31 children,and those in three children were inconsistent with the actual clinical phenotype.Conclusion The mutation characteristics of CYP21A2 gene in patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency in Tianjin and surrounding areas are slightly different from those reported in other regions in China.A mutation c.949C＞T has not been reported,which enriches the mutation spectrum of CYP21A2 gene and provide the foundation for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.

Objective : To understand the current situation and characteristics of narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs abuse or dependence among hospital patients and to provide reference for strengthening the management of narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs. Methods : We collected clinical data from hospitals in Shandong and Guizhou provinces in 2016 and selected patients with history of narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs. We investigated them through telephone or face-to-face interview,then described the characteristics of demographic information and abuse or dependence of narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs in diagnosed drug abusers. Results : A total of 280 patients with drug abuse or dependence were recruited,of which 223 cases from nine hospitals in Shandong and 57 cases from five hospitals in Guizhou. There were 170 male patients,accounting for 60.71%; 193 patients aged 45 years and above,accounting for 68.93%; 223 married patients,accounting for 80.51%; 166 patients with a education level of junior high school and below,accounting for 61.25%; 125 patients engaged in agriculture,accounting for 48.64%. Benzodiazepine was the main drugs abused or dependenced by hospital patients,accounting for 73.57%（206 cases）. There were also 83 cases of polydrug abuse,accounting for 29.64%. Among the patients with drug abuse or dependence,45.71% had no special feelings,41.07% had symptoms or felt uncomfortable after withdrawal; 64.64% was for improving their sleep quality. Conclusion Most patients with abuse or dependence of narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs are middle- or senior-aged and have polydrug abuse. Benzodiazepine are the main abused drugs. The common reason for narcotic and psychotropic drug abuse or dependence is to have a good sleep.