OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Qiwei dongqingye powder （QDP） on bronchial asthma in mice. METHODS The mice were divided into blank group （normal saline）， model group （normal saline）， dexamethasone group （2 mg/kg）， and QDP low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （200， 400， 800 mg/kg）， with 14 mice in each group. Except for the blank group， mice in all other groups were given ovalbumin via intraperitoneal injection followed by aerosol inhalation to induce a bronchial asthma model. During the modeling process， mice in each group were administered corresponding drug solutions or normal saline intragastrically/intraperitoneally. After the last medication， the number of cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） of the mice was observed and counted； the pathological changes of the bronchus and lung tissue were observed； the levels of malondialdehyde （MDA）， nitric oxide （NO）， total superoxide dismutase （T-SOD）， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） in the lung tissue of the mice were determined， and the level of interleukin-17 （IL-17） in the BALF and serum was determined. Transcriptomics was employed to predict and validate the mechanism of action of QDP against bronchial asthma. RESULTS Compared with the model group， the total cell count， neutrophil count， lymphocyte count， and macrophage counts in the BALF of the QDP high-dose group were all significantly reduced （ P ＜0.05）； the levels of MDA and NO in the lung tissue， and the levels of IL-17 in the BALF and serum were all decreased significantly （ P ＜0.05）； the levels of T-SOD and GSH-Px were significantly increased （ P ＜0.05）； the arrangement of lung tissue cells tended to normalize， with reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and decreased exfoliation of bronchial simple columnar epithelial cells. The transcriptomic results revealed that the differentially expressed genes were B-cell receptor signaling pathway， nuclear factor κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway， ferroptosis signaling pathway， and others. Further validation revealed that， compared with the model group， the expression levels of NF-κB p65 and chemokine ligand 20， as well as the phosphorylation level of NF-κB inhibitor protein α， were significantly decreased in the lung tissues of the mice in all QDP groups （ P ＜0.05）. Conversely， the protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2） and heme oxygenase 1 （HO-1） were significantly increased （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS QDP can effectively alleviate bronchial asthma by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway， activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway， regulating oxidative stress， and reducing inflammatory responses.

Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important pathogen for both human bloodstream infections and mastitis in cows. However, little attention has been paid to the cross-host transmission of MRSA from cows to high-risk groups in China. Objective To determine the MRSA colonization rates among dairy cows and dairy farm workers in Xinjiang, identify the antibiotic resistance profiles and molecular characteristics of the isolates, and provide scientific evidence for the formulation of targeted infection control strategies. Method A cross-sectional survey combined with laboratory pathogen analysis was conducted. From June to August 2024, large-scale dairy farms in Xinjiang region were selected as study sites. Nasal swabs (n=96) and skin swabs (n=39) were collected from workers, and bovine nasal swab samples (n=109) were collected simultaneously. All samples were subjected to MRSA isolation, cultivation, and identification, followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing to characterize resistance phenotypes. Staphylococcus aureus protein A (Spa) typing was performed to determine strain genotypes and elucidate MRSA colonization rates and molecular epidemiological patterns. Results A total of 35 MRSA strains was successfully isolated from 244 samples. The MRSA colonization rates among dairy farm workers and dairy cows were 20.83% (20/96) and 12.84% (14/109), respectively, with an overall isolation rate of 14.34% (35/244). Among the workers, the nasal colonization rate was 16.67% (16/96), and the skin colonization rate was 12.82% (5/39). One worker exhibited MRSA colonization at multiple body sites. All MRSA strains were resistant to cefoxitin (100%, 35/35). The resistance rates to erythromycin and clindamycin were 42.86% (15/35) and 34.29% (12/35), respectively. Thirteen strains showed a multidrug-resistant phenotype, whereas all strains were susceptible to vancomycin. The MRSA isolates exhibited high genetic diversity, with 13 Spa types identified, among which t441 was the most prevalent (8 strains). Both t441 and t034 types were detected in samples from both the dairy cows and their handlers. These two Spa types also carried and stably inherited specific resistance combinations, including erythromycin–clindamycin–cefoxitin and ciprofloxacin–erythromycin–clindamycin–gentamicin–cefoxitin–tetracycline, and a statistically significant association was also observed between the two resistance profiles and the bacterial types (P < 0.001). In addition, one novel Spa type strain was identified. Conclusion MRSA colonization rates among dairy cows and dairy farm workers in Xinjiang are relatively high, with evidence of multi-site colonization. The isolates exhibit high levels of multidrug resistance and genetic diversity, indicating a potential risk of cross-host transmission.

Hepatitis D virus （HDV）， as a defective virus， relies on the envelope protein of hepatitis B virus （HBV） to complete replication and transmission. Chronic hepatitis B （CHB） patients comorbid with HDV infection may experience significant acceleration of liver disease progression and a significantly higher risk of serious complications such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） compared with the patients with CHB alone， which poses a serious threat to the life and health of patients. At present， the coverage rate of HDV screening needs to be improved， and some patients with HBV/HDV co-infection have not been found in time. Therefore， strengthening the understanding of HDV among clinicians， expanding the scope of HDV screening， identifying patients with infection in a timely manner， and performing standardized antiviral therapy and long-term follow-up management are of great significance for improving the prognosis of patients， reducing disease burden， improving the quality of life of patients， and achieving the global goal of “eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030”.

Objective To investigate muscle mass reduction and the effect of exercise training intervention in non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods A total of 324 non-obese patients with T2DM admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were enrolled from February 2023 to February 2025. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was adopted to detect and analyze the data of appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI). Non-obese T2DM patients were classified into an observation group (n=162, receive sports training intervention) and a control group (n=162, receiving routine exercise intervention) by adopting random number grouping criteria. Both groups were intervened for 3 months. The muscle mass indicators [ASMI, body mass index (BMI), and body fat rate], exercise ability [6-minute walking distance (6MWD), grip strength, and one-leg standing time], metabolic indicators [fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR)], and quality of life [Diabetes Quality of Life Scale (DQOL)] were compared between the two groups to evaluate the effectiveness of sports training intervention. Results A total of 324 non-obese T2DM patients were enrolled, including 123 cases with reduced muscle mass (37.96%). There were no significant differences in the baseline data and the proportion of patients with muscle mass reduction between the two groups before intervention (P>0.05). After intervention, the ASMI, 6MWD, grip strength, and one-leg standing time in the observation group were higher or longer than those of the control group (P<0.05), while the body fat rate, FPG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and DQOL scores were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence of muscle mass reduction is relatively high among non-obese T2DM patients, and exercise training intervention has significant effects on improving muscle mass, metabolic status, exercise capacity and quality of life in non-obese T2DM patients.

Obesity is a risk factor and pathological basis for various chronic non-communicable diseases and is an important risk factor leading to human mortality and disability. The harm of obesity to the body includes not only various systemic diseases but also some ocular diseases. Currently, the higher pursuit of life and visual quality has led to increased attention to the etiology and prevention of ocular diseases, and the impact of obesity on ocular diseases has been gradually discovered. This article reviews the impact of obesity on certain ocular diseases to deepen the understanding of obesity's impact on ocular diseases and provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of ocular diseases.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of canagliflozin or semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）poorly controlled with metformin. METHODS Based on the perspective of China’s health system， a Markov model was used to calculate the long-term costs and utilities of canagliflozin or semaglutide combined with metformin for T2DM patients in China for 30 years based on the data from SUSTAIN 8 study. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio（ICER） and incremental net monetary benefit （INMB） were calculated using one time the 2024 per capita gross domestic product（GDP） as the willingness-to-pay（WTP） threshold. One-way sensitivity analysis， probability sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis were conducted to confirm the stability of the conclusions. RESULTS Compared with canagliflozin + metformin， ICER of semaglutide combined with metformin was 260 485.67 yuan/quality-adjusted life year （QALY），which was higher than the WTP threshold set in this study （95 749 yuan/QALY），and the corresponding INMB was －61 576.24 yuan，indicating that the canagliflozin + metformin regimen was more cost-effective. The cost of diabetes without complications treatment in the semaglutide + metformin group had the greatest influence on INMB，but changes in parameters within the selected range did not drive decision reversal. With the increasing of WTP threshold，the economic acceptability of semaglutide + metformin regimen increased. Under the current WTP threshold，the annual cost of semaglutide should be reduced by 42.95% to make the semaglutide + metformin regimen more cost- effective. CONCLUSIONS From the perspective of China’s health system， canagliflozin + metformin is more cost-effective than semaglutide + metformin for T2DM patients yueru. with poor glycemic control with metformin alone.

Five compounds were isolated and purified from the water extract of Elaeagnus oxycarpa Schlechtend leaf by multi-dimensional reversed-phase preparative liquid chromatographic system based on the separation and enrichment model. Their structures were identified by spectral analysis such as NMR, MS, UV, IR and by comparison with literature information as 2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione (1), elaeagnussugarester B (2), elaeagnussugarester A (3), elaeagnussugarester C (4), gallic acid (5). Compounds 2-4 are new compounds, compound 1 was isolated from Elaeagnus oxycarpa Schlechtend for the first time. The antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities of these compounds were evaluated by using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical method, the 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical method, the potassium ferricyanide reduction method and the colorimetric method with L-tyrosine as substrate. The results showed that compounds 2-5 have good antioxidant activities and inhibitory effect on tyrosinase. Compound 4 exhibited the most strong antioxidant activities, with IC₅₀ = 3.59 ± 0.06 μmol·L^-1 for DPPH free radical scavenging ability, IC₅₀ = 10.04 ± 0.20 μmol·L^-1 for ABTS free radical scavenging ability, and total reduction capacity of compound 4 was better than vitamin C respectively. Compound 3 possessed better inhibitory effect on tyrosinase with IC₅₀ = 0.25 ± 0.06 mmol·L^-1.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of a V-shaped incision in the resection of a superficial parotid gland benign tumor by comparison with a modified Blair incision. To provide a basis for evaluating the clinical application value of the V-shaped incision. Methods: This study was reviewed and approved by the ethics committee, and informed consent was obtained from the patients. Data from 61 patients with a benign tumor on the superficial parotid gland who had surgery at People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from September 2021 to September 2023 were collected and analyzed. The maximum diameter of the tumor included in the patient should not exceed 4 cm. The patients were divided into two groups based on the different surgical incisions: a V-shaped incision group (29 cases) and modified Blair incision group (32 cases). Several comparisons were made between the group: operation time; postoperative drainage volume; facial nerve function, pain, and complication in the operation area; and aesthetic effect of the surgical incision. The patients were followed up for 6 months. The 61 patients were further divided into groups based on the locations of the tumors: tumors around the earlobe and tumors in the lower pole of the parotid gland. Results: There were no significant differences in operation time, postoperative House-Brackmann grading system (HBGs) facial nerve function score, and visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score between the two groups (P>0.05). The postoperative drainage volume and Vancouver scar scale (VSS) score of the V-shaped incision group were higher than the modified Blair incision group (P<0.05). The incidence of great auricular nerve numbness was lower in the V-shaped incision group than the modified Blair incision group (P<0.05). The operation time of the V-shaped incision applied to excise the tumor around the earlobe was shorter than the modified Blair incision (P<0.05). Conclusion The V-shaped incision is a concealed facial incision, surgeons should be aware that some patients who receive this incision have a large amount of postoperative drainage and the retroauricular region is prone to scar hyperplasia.

Objective: To explore the bidirectional causal relationship between 731 immune cell phenotypes and recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAU) using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods: A two-sample bidirectional MR study was conducted using publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for 731 immune cell phenotypes and the RAU GWAS summary data from the FinnGen consortium. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analysis tool, with supplementary analyses including the weighted median (WM) method, MR-Egger regression, weighted mode, and simple mode. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using Cochran’s Q test, the mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) method for detecting pleiotropy and outliers, and leave-one-out cross-validation. Furthermore, differential analysis was performed using a clinical cohort dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to further validate the MR results. Results: In the forward MR analysis, 731 immune cell phenotypes were considered as exposures and RAU as the outcome. Among them, 52 immune cell phenotypes showed a significant causal effect on RAU (P<0.05). After false discovery rate (FDR) correction, two immune phenotypes remained significantly associated with RAU risk: with increased monocyte-derived myeloid suppressor cells (M-MDSC) (OR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.03-1.09) and CD33 on granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSC) (OR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.03-1.09), the risk of RAU also increased. In reverse MR, RAU was found to have a significant causal effect on two immune cell phenotypes (P<0.05), but no significant effects were found after FDR correction. Sensitivity analysis showed no significant heterogeneity between SNPs (P>0.05). Differential analysis of the GEO dataset revealed that the characteristic genes of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) (CTBS, IPMK, and UBA3) were significantly upregulated in RAU (P<0.05). Conclusion The MR results of 731 immune cell phenotypes suggest that M-MDSC and CD33 molecules on G-MDSC may be risk factors for RAU development. The clinical GEO dataset further validated that MDSC may play a role in RAU, while RAU did not show a significant causal association with the 731 immune cell phenotypes.

ObjectiveTo explore the regulatory effect of Ganluqingwen prescription on inflammation and immunity by observing the clinical efficacy of Ganluqingwen prescription in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia （CAP）， so as to provide a clinical basis for the treatment of CAP by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted by selecting patients who were diagnosed with CAP and identified as wind-heat attacking lungs in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Hospital of TCM from January 2024 to May 2024 and assigning the patients to a control group （treated by western medicine treatment） or an experimental group （treated by Ganluqingwen prescription combined with western medicine）. The data of the enrolled patients before treatment， for three-day treatment， for seven-day treatment， and for 14-day treatment were collected， including basic information， medical history， pneumonia severity index （PSI） classification， and distribution and difference of laboratory and imaging information indexes. The peripheral blood specimens were collected from the patients. and the changes of inflammatory factors in peripheral blood were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） reagent kits and flow-type multifactor microarrays to evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of Ganluqingwen prescription in CAP. ResultsCompared with those in the groups before treatment， the total scores of TCM syndromes significantly decreased in both groups （P<0.05）. Compared with those in the control group after treatment， the total scores of TCM syndromes decreased more significantly in the experimental group （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment， the experimental group displayed a significantly reduced number of days of fever in patients （P<0.05）. Compared with those in the groups before treatment， the leukocyte， neutrophil counts， C-reactive protein （CRP）， procalcitonin （PCT）， interleukin （IL）-6， alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， creatinine （Cr）， creatine kinase （CK）， and creatine kinase isoenzymes （CK-MB） in both groups decreased （P<0.05） after treatment. Compared with that in the control group after treatment， the decrease of leukocyte， neutrophil counts， CRP， PCT， IL-6， ALT， AST， Cr， CK， and CK-MB was more pronounced in the experimental group （P<0.05）. Compared with those in the group before treatment， the partial pressure of carbon dioxide increased in the experimental group for 3 d of treatment （P<0.05）， and the standard alkali residual， actual alkali residual， standard bicarbonate concentration， and actual bicarbonate concentration increased in the experimental group for 7 d of treatment （P<0.05）. Compared with that in the group before treatment， D-dimer decreased in the control group for 7 d of treatment （P<0.05）. D-dimer and activated partial thromboplastin time （APTT） decreased in the experimental group for 3 d of treatment （P<0.05）， and D-dimer， fibrinogen （FIB）， and APTI significantly decreased in the group for 7 d of treatment （P<0.05）. Compared with the group for 3 d of treatment， the experimental group for 7 d of treatment showed decreased FIB （P<0.05）. Compared with those in the groups before treatment， the levels of inflammatory factors IL-4， IL-10， and IL-13 were elevated in the peripheral blood of the two groups after treatment， and the levels of B lymphocyte chemoattractant （BLC）， interferon gamma-induced protein 10 （IP-10）， tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）， interferon-gamma （IFN-γ）， monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 （MCP-1）， CRP， IL-2， IL-6， IL-8， IL-17， IL-22， and IL-23p19 were significantly reduced （P<0.01）. Compared with the control group after treatment， the experimental group exhibited more significant improvement in indexes above （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe group treated by Ganluqingwen prescription combined with western medicine shows more significant effects on reducing total scores of TCM syndromes， lowering the ability of leukocyte and neutrophil counts， decreasing BLC， IP-10， TNF-α， IFN-γ， MCP-1， CRP， IL-2， IL-6， IL-8， IL-17， IL-22， and IL-23p19 in the peripheral blood of the patients， and elevating levels of IL-4， IL-10， and IL-13 than the group treated by western drugs alone.