OBJECTIVETo summarize the pharmacological function of oleanolic acid.

METHODBased on the documents and related achievements, the pharmacological function and its mechanism including its clinical use were summed up.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONOleanolic Acid is a natural chemical which has wide-ranging function and abundant source. But we should place the emphasis on improving its biotic utilization and effect on clinical treatment.

Adjuvants, Immunologic ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; pharmacology ; Oleanolic Acid ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Phytotherapy ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

AIM: To observe the changes of anterior chamber angle after posterior chamber intraocular lens(ICL)V4c implantation for high myopia.

METHODS: Prospective study. ICL V4c implantation was performed on 150 cases(300 eyes)with high myopia, and the changes of visual acuity, intraocular pressure,vault and anterior chamber angle were recorded before and 1d, 1mo, 3mo, 6mo and 1a after operation. Repeated measurement analysis of variance and LSD-t test were used to analyze the data.

RESULTS: After 1d, 1mo, 3mo, 6mo, 1a operation, the recovery of UCVA was significantly higher than that before operation(F=98.2, P<0.01); there were statistically significant differences in AOD500, AOD750, TISA500, TISA750 and SSA of nasal side before and after operation(F=108.256, 112.342, 164.856, 316.549, 115.338, P<0.01); there were statistically significant differences in AOD500, AOD750, TISA500, TISA750 and SSA of temporal side before and after operation(F=102.68, 548.47, 93.37, 316.549, 117.698, all P<0.01); the parameters of each angle decreased gradually in the 1d, 1mo and 3mo after operation on both sides, and there was statistical difference in the two comparisons(all P<0.05), but there was no statistical significance in the parameters of each angle in the 3mo, 6mo and 1a after operation(all P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: After ICL V4c implantation, the anterior chamber angle parameters in the horizontal direction of 1d, 1mo, 3mo, 6mo and 1a were smaller than those before operation, and tended to be stable after 3mo.

Background Coal workers are inclined to report multi-site work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) due to their specific working environment and extensive exposure to occupational hazards, which seriously affect the physical and mental health of coal workers. objective To investigate the prevalence of multi-site WMSDs among workers in coal mining enterprises in Xinjiang, and analyze the related factors influencing multi-site WMSDs. Methods Using stratified cluster random sampling method, Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire, Job Burnout Questionnaire, and Brief Occupational Stress Questionnaire were distributed in six Xinjiang coal mining enterprises to collect data on general information, prevalence of WMSDs in the past year, work-related information, job burnout, and occupational stress among coal miners with a working experience ≥ 1 year. A multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of multi-site WMSDs. Results A total of 1730 questionnaires were distributed in this survey, 1448 valid questionnaires were recovered, and the valid recovery rate was 83.7%. Among the 1448 coal miners, 93.2% were males and 6.8% were females; 39.2% were aged ≤ 35 years, 31.1% were aged 35-45 years, and 29.6% were aged > 45 years; 58.4% reported ≤ 10 years of working experience, 20.0% reported 10-20 years, and 21.6% reported > 20 years. The total prevalence rate of WMSDs in the coal miners was 75.6% (1095/1448), the prevalence rate of multi-site WMSDs was 58.4% (846/1448), and the prevalence rate of one-site WMSDs was 17.2% (249/1448). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that working experience > 20 years (OR=2.245, 95%CI: 1.655-3.045), severe burnout (OR=2.644, 95%CI: 1.549-4.516), and multiple repetitive operations per minute very often (OR=2.038, 95%CI: 1.339-3.101), often bending at larger angles (OR=1.467, 95%CI: 1.111-1.938), long-time bending the neck forward (OR=1.671, 95%CI: 1.294-2.159), and slipping or falling down (OR=2.459, 95%CI: 1.908-3.168) were positively correlated with multi-site WMSDs; sufficient rest time (OR=0.718, 95%CI: 0.565-0.913) was negatively correlated with multi-site WMSDs. Conclusion Multi-site WMSDs is common among workers in coal mining enterprises, and the prevalence rate of multi-site WMSDs is higher than that of one-site WMSDs. Working experience, job burnout, frequent multiple repetitive operations per minute, often bending at larger angles, long-time bending the neck forward, slipping or falling down, and sufficient rest time are influencing factors of multi-site WMSDs in coal workers.

To study the immunogenicity of EsxA protein of Staphylococcus aureus, the EsxA-pET-28a recombinant plasmid was constructed and the expression product was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting after the positive recombinant plasmid was induced by IPTG. Mice were immunized with purified EsxA protein and then the IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibody were detected with indirect ELISA. Then the histopathological examination, bacteria loading and immune protection of immunized mice were studied after challenge with S. aureus. The recombinant protein EsxA was successfully induced and expressed. After immunization the EsxA specific antibody titer could reach 1:900. Bacteria loading and pathological damage of liver, spleen and kidney were reduced after immunization with EsxA in the immunized mice. The protection rate of immunized mice was 75%. In conclusion, EsxA protein has good immunogenicity.

Objective Thermal injury causes pulmonary edema, which may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, multiorgan failure and even death. The article aimed to study the mechanism of curcumin pretreatment on inflammatory factors in lung tissues and serum endotoxin of rats with dry-heat environment.Methods A total of 50 SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10): normal control group, dry heat control group, low concentraion group (50mg/kg curcumin pretreatment group), middle concentraion group (100mg/kg curcumin pretreatment group), and high concentration group (200mg/kg curcumin pretreatment group). Rats in normal control group and dry heat control group were given normal saline by gavage, while rats in 3 curcumin pretreatment groups were given curcumin of different concentrations (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg) by gavage once a day for 7 consecutive days. At 8d, all the other 4 groups except normal control group were transferred to the climate cabin (The Simulated Climate Cabin for Special Environment of Northwest of China) with the condition of (41±0.5)℃, (10±1)% relative humidity.The rats were put in the dry-heat environment for 150min, then they were anaesthetized and sacrificed at 150min to collect the blood, lung tissues for further analysis. Observation was made on the pathological changes of lung tissues of rats in each group and the changes of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and LPS.Results Compared with dry heat control group, the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and LPS in normal control group, curcumin pretreatment groups with low concentration, middle concentration and high concentration were significantly higher(P<0.01). The concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and LPS in curcumin pretreatment group with low concentration were significantly lower than those curcumin pretreatment groups with middle concentration and high concentration(P<0.05). Compared with curcumin pretreatment group with middle concentration, LPS concentration of curcumin pretreatment group with high concentration decreased significantly (P<0.01). Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the plasma of LPS and inflammatory cytokines of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in lung tissues (correlation coefficient r=0.866, r=0.900, r=0.885, P=0.000).Conclusion Curcumin inhibits bacterial endotoxin in blood, reduces the expression of inflammatory factors, and plays an important role in alleviating secondary multiple organ damage, which means curcumin pretreatment can relieve lung damage caused by heatstroke and reduce the mortality of heatstroke.

Objective To develop a suit of wireless real-time monitoring system for athletes which can gather,transmit and deal with athlete's vital bio-signals when they are training or healing,such as cardiograph,respiration,body temperature and SpO2.Methods The system consisted of monitoring terminal and data management module.The monitoring terminal schlepped by athletes consisted of data acquisition module and wireless transceiver module.It can gather and transmit physiological parameters.The data management module consisted of wireless transceiver module and embedded computer System.It can receive,deal with and display athlete's physiological parameters.Results The system met the requirement when it was located within the outdoor distance of 400 m or indoor distance of 50 m.Conclusion The system can monitor athlete's multiple physiological parameters whatever exercises the athlete is doing.It also adapts to healthy population when they are doing physical fitness exercises.

OBJECTIVE: To study the absorption characteristics of allicin in rat intestinal tract.METHODS: An HPLC method was established to determine the content of allicin in rat entericus, and Ussing chamber system was used to investigate the absorption characteristics of garlic spicy element of different concentrations in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon of rats. RESULTS: An HPLC method was established to determine the content of allicin in rat intestinal liquid.The absorption rate constants of allicin in various intestinal segments of rats in the experimental concentration range increased with the increase of allicin concentration.Allicin showed linear absorption in different intestinal segments of rats, with regression correlation coefficients of greater than 0.96, indicating zero order absorption. CONCLUSION: Allicin has different absorption characteristics in different intestinal segments of rats and can be absorbed as prototype.

Objective To analysis and compare the content differences of three effective components of taxanes of Taxus madia Rehd. from five different habitats and growth years by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Methods The mixed liquor of CH3OH and CHCl3 was used for the ultrasonic extraction of 10-deacetyl-bacratin III (10-DAB III), cephalomannine and taxol before being dissolved by CH3OH to obtain sample solution. By HPLC, the contents of three effective components were performed and compared. Results There were extremely significantly differences (P < 0.01) among the content of three effective components of taxanes of Taxus madia Rehd. from different habitats and growth years. Three different habitats and growth years of 10-DAB III, cephalomannine, taxol, and taxanes that have relative higher total content were HK4 > SM3 > SM2, ZL3 > HK4 > ZL4, ZL3 > SM2 > HK4, HK4 > ZL3 > ZL6, respectively. Except for the contents of 10-DAB III and cephalomannine, there were significant positive correlations among the contents of other components (P < 0.01). The contents of taxol would rise or decline when the total contents of three kinds of taxanes rised or declined among different habitats and growth years. The clustering analysis results showed that the contents of taxol have certain peculiarity. In Fuzhou of Fujian, while the total contents of three kinds of taxanes were different from others in Kaifen of Henan. Conclusion Habitants and growth years have a significant impact on the contents change of three effective components of taxanes from Taxus madia Rehd.. Therefore, regulation and control of biosynthetic pathway by choosing habitat conditions and harvest years should be considered, in order to obtain more crude drug of taxol in T. madia.

ObjectiveTo obtain the prevalence of sarcopenia in middle-aged and elderly people in Urumqi based on the 2020 updated based on the 2020 updated Consensus Report 2019 of Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia （AWGS2019）， and to further explore the association between sarcopenia and metabolic syndrome （MS）. MethodsA total of 1 438 middle-aged and elderly people （aged≥50 years） in Urumqi from July 2018 to January 2019 were selected as the research subjects. Data were collected by questionnaire survey， physical examination and laboratory test. Skeletal muscle mass，grip strength and 4 m walking speed were used to represent muscle mass， muscle strength and body function， respectively. Bioelectrical impedance analysis （BIA） was used to measure human body components. Based on the diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia recommended by AWGS2019， the prevalence of sarcopenia in people over 50 years old was obtained. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to explore the correlation between sarcopenia and MS in middle-aged and elderly people of different genders. ResultsThere were 194 patients with sarcopenia， with a prevalence of 13.49%. The prevalence was 15.56% in males and 12.12% in females. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of MS between male sarcopenia group （40.45%） and non-sarcopenia group （38.92%）， while the prevalence of MS in female sarcopenia group （39.04%） was higher than that in non-sarcopenia group （27.56%）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that sarcopenia was a related factor of MS. Compared with non-sarcopenia， the risk of MS in male sarcopenia group was higher （OR=2.11，95%CI： 1.15‒3.88 ）. ConclusionSarcopenia increases the risk of MS in middle-aged and elderly people， with a greater risk in men. Fully understanding of sarcopenia is helpful to early identify high-risk groups of MS and prevent the occurrence of MS.

AIM: To compare the visual quality between implantable collamer lens(ICL)implantation and FS-LASIK for correcting moderate and high myopia.

METHODS: Prospective study. Choose in June 2018 to December 2018 for ICL implantation of 58 patients(116 eyes)and 48 patients(96 eyes)underwent FS-LASIK. The diopter, visual acuity and visual quality of the two groups before and after surgery were analyzed and compared.

RESULTS: After 3mo operation, the degree of spherical mirror in the ICL group was higher than that in the FS-LASIK group(0.19±0.22D vs 0.09±0.29D, P<0.05), but there was no difference in visual acuity, lenticule degree and spherical equivalent between the two groups(P>0.05). The modulation transfer function cut off frequency(MTF cut off), objective scatter index(OSI)and OV9% were significantly better in the ICL group than in the FS-LASIK group, while the SR was lower than the FS-LASIK group. Compared with the former, the MTF cut off was significantly increased in the ICL group, the SR and OSI values were decreased, and the SR value was decreased in the FS-LASIK group(all P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Both ICL implantation and FS-LASIK can effectively improve the visual acuity and diopter of patients, ICL implantation for patients with moderate and high myopia provides relatively good visual quality.