glycerol,and the best penetrable concentrations for it were 0.5%,0.5% and 0.2%,respectively.No obvious penetration efficacy was noted for glycerol.CONCLUSIONS: 4 kinds of penetrations enhances can increase the percutaneous absorption of DH under the certain concentration.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard of Oleanolic acid dripping pills. METHODS:The property of the preparation was identified,and weight difference and dissolution time limit were detected. UPLC method was adopted to determine the content of oleanolic acid in the preparation. The determination was performed on ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column with mo-bile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water (70:30,V/V) at the flow rate of 0.30 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 206 nm,the column temperature was 30 ℃,and the sample was 5 μL. RESULTS:The characteristics of the preparation was significant;weight difference ranged 37.62%-46.56%;dissolution time limit was 24 min. Linear range of oleanolic acid ranged 0.006-0.06 mg/mL (r=0.9998). RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2.0%. The recoveries were 99.34%-100.40%(RSD=0.4%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:Established standard can be used for quality control of Oleanolic acid dripping pills.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the percutaneous absorbency between imported and domestic5%doxepin cream.METHODS:In a cross design,8health male volunteers were enrolled in the study.Determination was performed by HPLC with chlorimipramine as internal standard.RESULTS:The same dose of domestic and imported doxepin cream was topically applied to the forearm skin of the volunteers for8consecutive days.The blood drug levels were very low in both groups without significant difference.CONCLUSION:The percutaneous absorbency of domestic5%doxepin cream can reach that of imported ones and the domestic cream is safe and effective.

BACKGROUND:Inflammation plays an important role in vessel proliferation after balloon injury.Reducing inflammatory reaction may lighten the ocurrence and development of the restenosis after angioplasty.Studies have demonstrated that PPAR? excitomotor has inhibitory effects on inflammation development.OBJECTIVE:To observe the changes in inflammatory factors after carotid artery balloon injury in rats and the intervention of PPAR? excitomotor rosiglitazone.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The randomized,controlled animal experiment was performed at the Central Laboratory of Shenzhen People's Hospital from January to June 2009.MATERIALS:Male SPF SD rats weighing about 350 g were selected to generate models of carotid balloon injury.METHODS:SD rats were equally and randomly divided into 3 groups:the control group,the balloon injury group and the rosiglitazone group.The left common carotid arteries were injured by balloon in the balloon injury group and the rosiglitazone group.The control group received sham operation.The rosiglitazone group was administered rosiglitazone daily by gavage,which began 4 days before operation and continued until harvesting.Accordingly,the control group and the balloon injury group were administered normal saline daily by gavage.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:All rats were executed under anesthesia at 14 days after operation,respectively to harvest left common carotid artery samples.The vessels were stained by hematoxylin-eosin,and Neointimal area(NIA) and media area(MA) as well as NIA/MA were calculated.Real time RT-PCR and Western Blot method were used to assay the expression of interleukin(IL)-6,IL-10,IL-17A mRNA and the distribution of nuclear factor(NF)-?B protein.RESULTS:Of the 36 rats,5 were excluded due to failed modeling or death,and 31 rats were included in final analysis.①The expression levels of IL-6 and IL-17A mRNA in the rosiglitazone group were significantly lower than the balloon injury group,but higher than the control group(P

BACKGROUND: Inflammation plays an important role in vessel proliferation after balloon injury. Reducing inflammatory reaction may lighten the ocurrence and development of the restenosis after angioplasty. Studies have demonstrated that PPAR_Y excitomotor has inhibitory effects on inflammation development. OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes in inflammatory factors after carotid artery balloon injury in rats and the intervention of PPARy excitomotor rosiglitazone. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized, controlled animal experiment was performed at the Central Laboratory of Shenzhen People's Hospital from January to June 2009. MATERIALS: Male SPF SD rats weighing about 350 g were selected to generate models of carotid balloon injury. METHODS: SD rats were equally and randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group, the balloon injury group and the rosiglitazone group. The left common carotid arteries were injured by balloon in the balloon injury group and the rosiglitazone group. The control group received sham operation. The rosiglitazone group was administered rosiglitazone daily by gavage,which began 4 days before operation and continued until harvesting.Accordingly,the control group and the balloon injury group were administered normal saline daily by gavage. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All rats were executed under anesthesia at 14 days after operation, respectively to harvest left common carotid artery samples. The vessels were stained by hematoxylin-eosin, and Neointimal area (NIA) and media area (MA) as well as NIA/MA were calculated. Real time RT-PCR and Western Blot method were used to assay the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-17A mRNA and the distribution of nuclear factor (NF)-kB protein. expression levels of IL-6 and IL-17A mRNA in the rosiglitazone group were significantly lower than the balloon injury group, but higher than the Control group( P < 0.05), The expression levels of IL-10 mRNA in the rosiglitazone group were higher than the the rosiglitazone group was down-regulated, and lower than the balloon injury group, but higher than control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Rosiglitazone can regulate the expression of II-6 IL-10 IL-17A mRNA and the balance of inflammatory factors via NF-kB,inhibit the inflammatory reaction of injured vessels and may contribute to lighten the restenosis of injured vessels.

Objective To study the value of preoperative MRI in diagnosing and typing anal fistula.Methods The clinical data and MRI findings of 36 operated patients with anal fistula were analyzed retrospectively, and compared with pathological results of the operations, the manifestation and application value of MRI in anal fistula were summarized.Results 36 cases of anal fistula showed 42 internal openings,45 primary tracts,15 small tracts,42 external openings,16 abscesses.Compared with surgical results, the accuracy of MRI was 90.5%(38/42) for internal openings,80%(12/15) for small tracts,100% for primary tracts, external openings and abscesses respectively.According to the Parks type, the coincidence of MRI classification was 88.9%(32/36).Conclusion MRI can accurately display the position of the internal and external openings, the number and form of the tracts, and type about anal fistula.

BACKGROUND:Skeletal muscle satelite cels are muscle-derived stem cels with proliferation and differentiation potential distributing between the muscle cel membrane and the base film. Studies have shown that skeletal muscle satelite cels are of efficacy and safety, but the survival rate of the transplanted stem cels is very low, which greatly limits the application of skeletal muscle satelite cels. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Fasudil on apoptosis of skeletal muscle satelite cels induced by H2O2. METHODS: Skeletal muscle satelite cels cultured in vitro were randomly divided into three groups including H2O2group, H2O2+Fasudil group (Fasudil group) and control group. Apoptosis rates were observed by flow cytometry. The concentrations of interleukin-4 and tumor necrosis factor-a in each group were detected by ELISA. Western blot was employed to measure the protein level of Bax in each group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the H2O2group, a significant decrease was found in the apoptosis rate of cels, protein level of Bax, and concentrations of interleukin-4 and tumor necrosis factor-a in the Fasudil group (alP < 0.05). These findings indicate that Fasudil can play anti-apoptosis protection by inhibiting Rho-kinase signaling pathway, which may be related to the reduced expression of Bax.

Objective To evaluate the effects of fluid restriction in combination with small dose of norepinephrine on cerebral oxygen metabolism in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.Methods Forty elderly patients of both sexes,aged 65-80 yr,with body mass index of 18-24 kg/m2,of ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ (NYHA Ⅰ or Ⅱ),with left ventricular ejection fraction≥50％,undergoing elective gastrointestinal surgery,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =20 each) using a random number table:routine fluid administration group (group S) and restricted fluid administration + small dose of norepinephrine group (group RN).In group S,lactated Ringer's solution was given routinely,ephedrine 5 mg (per time) was injected intravenously,and MAP was maintained ≥ 65 mmHg during operation.In group RN,lactated Ringer's solution was infused intravenously at 5 ml · kg-1 · h-1 starting from 30 min before anesthesia,norepinephrine was infused intravenously at 0.01-0.03 μg · kg-1 · min-1 after induction of anesthesia,and MAP was maintained ≥ 65 mmHg.Intraoperative blood loss was replaced with the equal volume of 6％ hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 sodium chloride injection in both groups.At 5 min before skin incision,1 and 2 h after skin incision and postanesthesia care unit discharge time,arterial and jugular bulb venous blood samples were obtained for blood gas analysis,and arterial oxygen content,jugular bulb venous oxygen content,arteriovenous oxygen content difference,cerebral oxygen extraction rate,and the ratio of cerebral blood flow to cerebral oxygen metabolic rate were calculated.Results There were no significant differences between the two groups in arterial oxygen content,jugular bulb venous oxygen content,arteriovenous oxygen content difference,cerebral oxygen extraction rate,and the ratio of cerebral blood flow to cerebral oxygen metabolic rate.Conclusion Fluid restriction combined with small dose of norepinephrine produces no effects on cerebral oxygen metabolism in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.

Objective To observe the interfering effect of different doses of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) on the mRNA expressions of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the lung tissue of rats with traumatic shock so as to investigate the protective role of PHC in secondary long injury following traumatic shock and the underlying mechanism.Methods The traumatic shock model was established.A total of 104 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group,shock group,low dose PHC group ( P1 group) and high dose PHC group ( P2 group).At the beginning of resuscitation,the rats in P1 and P2 groups were given transjugular intravenous injection of 2 ml/kg isotonic saline containing 0.15 mg/kg and 0- 45 mg/kg PHC respectively,while the rats in shock and control groups were injected only isometric isotonic saline.The rats in the four groups were killed at 2 h,6 h,12 h and 24 h after resuscitation respectively to detect the mRNA expressions of NF-κB and iNOS by using RT-PCR and determine the lung wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio,lung permeability index (LPI) and lung injury score (LIS).Results The mRNA expressions of NF-κB and iNOS,lung W/D ratio,LPI and LIS at all the time intervals in the shock,P1 and P2 groups were all significantly increased as compared with those in the control group (P＜0.05).Howerver,the P2 group showed significant reduction in aspects of the mRNA expressions of NF- κB and iNOS,lung W/D ratio,LPI and LIS at all time points and P1 group also had significant decrease regarding the mRNA expressions of NF-κB and iNOS,lung W/D ratio at2 h,6 h,and LPI and LIS at 2 h,6 h,12 h,as compared with the shock group.Meanwhile,P2 group showed evident decrease at 6 h concerning the mRNA expressions of NF-κB and iNOS,lung W/D ratio,LPI and LIS as compared with P1 group (P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions PHC,especially at a large dosage,can significantly mitigate the long injury secondary to traumatic shock,and the mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of mRNA expressions of NF-κB and iNOS.

Objective To study the differences in intestinal flora of normal and type 2 diabetic mice, the effect of alcoholic extract of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt on mouse intestinal flora, and explore the possible relationship between alcoholic extract of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt, intestinal flora and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in mice.Methods Stool samples were collected from the normal control group (A), high dose (1.8 g/kg) (B) and moderate dose (1.2 g/kg) (C) alco-holic extract of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt model groups, metformin (0.2 g/kg) treatment group (D) and blank control (E) group.16S rDNA real-time quantitative PCR assay was used to determine the levels of Clostridium coccoides and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in the stool samples.Pearson analysis method was used to analyze the correlation between the levels of tar-get bacterial species and the fasting blood glucose ( FBG) in the mice.Results 1.Compared with the normal control group, the levels of Clostridium coccoides and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in the T2DM model group were significantly low-ered (P=0.017, P=0.002).2.Compared with the model group, the levels of Clostridium coccoides and Bacteroides the-taiotaomicron of the high dose Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt alcohol extract group were significantly different ( 2 weeks: P =0.027, P=0.006;4 weeks:P=0.007, P=0.012).3.The levels of Clostridium coccoides and Bacteroides thetaiotaomi-cron were positively correlated with the FBG level in the mice.Conclusions The alcohol extract of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt has certain effect on the intestinal flora in type 2 diabetic mice and there is certain correlation between the effect of alcohol extract of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt and their blood glucose level.