Objective To investigate the damages on pancreas after different fractionated irradiation in rats.Methods Eighy healthy adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups with 20 rats in each group as conventional fractionated irradiation group with 2 Gy per fraction to a dose of 12 Gy,hypofractionated radiation group with one fraction of 12 Gy,middle-dose fractionated radiation group with 6 Gy per fraction to a dose of 12 Gy in the interval of 4 days and control group without radiation.Changes in weight,fasting blood glucose and amylase were measured and morphological changes were observed in different periods.Results In the experimental groups,the reduction was observed in fasting glucose at 4 d,reached a minimum of (3.1 ±0.1 ) mmol/L,(LSD-t =20.06 -28.74,P ＜0.001 ) and the increase of amylase was found after 4th and 7th day,reached a maximum of (84.5 ±6.4) U/L(Dunnett's-t=23.10 -46.10,P ＜ 0.001 ),both more obvious in hypofractionated radiation group than those of conventional fractionated radiation group and middle-dose fractionated radiation group ( LSD-t =8.72-9.71,Dunnett's-t =7.11,P ＜ 0.05 ),however the levels in conventional fractionated radiation group was nearly to middle-dose fractionated radiation group (P ＞ 0.05 ) and became normal at 14 d.Under light microscope,the necrosis of acinarcells was observed in hypofractionated radiation group at 4th d,interstitial fibrogenesis were found at 14 d,the fibrogenesis were found in pancreatic island at 21 d,and the hyperplasia of acinarcells was observed at 42 d.The same changes were found in conventional fractionated radiation group and middle-dose fractionated radiation group,which were gently and lately than those of hypofractionated radiation group.Conclusions Radiation injury is not more serious after middle-dose fractionated radiotherapy than that after conventional fractionated irradiation,when the proper fractional dose and intervals are chosen.

In this study, the effect of hespridin, a natural flavonoid, on renal function and morphology in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats was evaluated. The result was compared with that of aminoguanidine which can inhibit the formation of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) and can decreased diabetic complications in experimental diabetes. The results showed that excretion of urinary protein, and the content of AGEs and LPO decreased, while the mesangial expansion and basement membrane thickening were retarded in diabetic rats treated with hespridin. These indicate that hespridin plays the same protective role as aminoguanidine in inhibiting formation of AGEs, thus preventing the development of nephropathy in STZ induced diabetic rats.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression level of microRNA-145 (miR-145) in peripheral blood and clinicopathological characteristics of esophageal cancer patients and evaluate its significance in short-term efficacy of radiotherapy.Methods A total of 52 patients with esophageal.cancer diagnosed in Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were collected,and all of the patients rec.eived radiotherapy alone.The relative expression level of miR-145 in peripheral blood was detected by using the method of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) before radiotherapy.The correlations between the expression of miR-145 and pathological characteristics as well as short-term efficacy of radiotherapy were analyzed.Results In the 52 patients,the relative expression of miR-145 [M(QR)] in peripheral blood of clinical stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ was 3.14 (1.44),higher than that of stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ [1.71 (0.48)],and the difference was statistically significant (Z =-3.002,P =0.003).The expression level of miR-145 was not related with the age (Z =-0.403,P =0.687),gender (Z =-1.179,P =0.238) and history of drinking (Z =-0.389,P =0.697).The expression levels of miR-145 in complete response (CR),partial response (PR) and no change (NC) groups were 3.27 (1.64),1.83 (1.26) and 1.40 (2.51),respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (H =6.567,P =0.038).Conclusion The expression level of miR-145 in peripheral blood is significantly correlated with the clinical stage of esophageal cancer.Its expression level is positively correlated with the short-term efficacy of esophageal cancer radiotherapy.High expression of miR-145 shows a better short-term efficacy of radiotherapy.

Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in women. There are no reliable noninvasive indicators to predict the recurrence, metastasis and prognosis of cervical cancer. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a kind of DNA fragment released from tumor cells into the blood circulation, which has the advantages of being non-invasive, real-time, and of reflecting the genetic characteristics of tumors. With the improvement of ctDNA detection technology and in-depth research on ctDNA, ctDNA has shown more obvious advantages in early diagnosis, tumor molecular typing, treatment monitoring and recurrence prediction of cervical cancer compared with traditional histological, serological and imaging detection methods. This paper reviews the detection methods of ctDNA and its latest research progress of ctDNA in cervical cancer.