A high performance liquid chromatographic method with hypersil C_(18) column, 0.020 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution(which contains 0.25% triethylamine, pH 5.1)-methanol(20∶ 80, V/V) as mobile phase and fluorescence detection with 280 nm as excitation wavelength and 320 nm as emission wavelength has been developed for the determination of terbutaline sulfate and propranolol hydrochloride in Erythrocyte suspensions. Erythrocyte surface receptor oscillating reacted 1 h with terbutaline in 37 ℃ water bath. Free terbutaline and propranolol were separated from the membrane receptor-binding complex through 1500 r/min centrifugal in 5 min. The linear range was 0.010-3.000 mg/L in Alsever's solutions and the correlation coefficients were 0.9999 and 0.9998. The relative standard deviations(RSDs) of terbutaline and propranolol were 0.8% and 1.2%, respectively. The limits of detection(LODs) of both were 1.00 and 3.00 mg/L. This simple, safety and sensitive method was suitable for the determination of terbutaline and propranolol in erythrocyte suspensions and for the study of receptor-ligand binding.

OBJECTIVE:To establish an HPLC method for the content determination of oxaliplatin in Oxaliplatin liposome. METHODS:The separation was performed on Hypersil C18(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) column with methanol-water(5 ∶ 95,V/V) as mobile phase at flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1. The detection wavelength was set at 250 nm and column temperature was 30 ℃. RESULTS:The linear range of oxaliplatin was 12.2～122.0 ?g.mL-1(n=5,r=0.999 9) with an average recovery of 98.58%(RSD=1.83%). The limit of detection(LOD) was 97.6 ng?mL-1. CONCLUSION:The method is simple,sensitive and accurate for the content determination of oxaliplatin in Oxaliplatin liposome.

Objective To evaluate orthotopic splenectomy and pericardial devascularization for the treatment of portal hypertension.Methods The modified anterior approach splenectomy includes dissection of the peri-splenic vessels and ligments before division of short gastric vessels.During pericardial devascularization,the dessection panel was close to the esophagus and the stomach,leaving intact both the anterior and posterior vagus trunks.Results 63 patients underwent this modified operation.The free portal pressure decreased from (38 ±4) cmH2O to(28 ±4)cmH2O.The average blood loss was (530 ± 37)ml.There was no mortality,nor perioperative gastric paralysis and portal venous thrombosis.By 12-36 months follow-up,there was no pancreatic leakage,hepatic coma and recurrence of bleeding.Intrahepatic portal venous thromboses were detected in 4 cases at the sixth postoperative months.Conclusions This modified splenectomy plus selective pericardial devascularization carries less bleeding and is safe and effective for the treatment of portal hypertension.

Objective To explore the indication,technology and clinical significance of laparoscopic choledocholithotomy and primary suture in treatment of choledocholithiasis.Methods 78 patients with choledocholithiasis were divided into two groups receiving respectively laparoscopic choledocholithotomy and T-tube drainage treatment,and laparoscopic choledocholithotomy and primary suture after common bile duct exploration.The time of operation,postoperative hospital stay and complications were analyzed and compared.Results Bile leakage occurred in 2 cases in the primary suture group and 3 cases in the T-tube drainage group;No residual stones or biliary stricture was found in either groups.The time of operation,postoperative complications were not statistically different (P ＞ 0.05).The difference in postoperative hospital stay and GI function recovery time between the two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion In well selected cases,the primary suture of common bile duct after laparoscopic choledocholithotomy is feasible and safe.

It is necessary to medical student to take the elective course of pharmacy.This paper put forward several viewpoints and concrete methods about teaching methods,means and contents of elective course of pharmacy.

Objective To explore the effectiveness and safety of temporary immunosuppressant withdrawal for the management of severe infection after liver transplantation.Methods Fifty-one patients with severe infection after liver transplantation were divided into control group (24 cases) and withdrawal group (27 cases ) according to the immunosuppression protocol.In the withdrawal group, the immunosuppressive drugs were temporarily suspended according to ATP values of CD4 + T cell and CD4 + T lymphocyte subsets counting until infection was controlled.The liver function,the incidence of acute rejection and the graft survival rate were monitored during the process.The side effects were observed.Result Severe infection was cured in 39 patients.There were 9 deaths in the control group in which the immunosuppressant was continued during the course of infection and 3 in the withdrawal group,respectively.The median suspension of immunosuppressant in trial group was ( 15.5 ± 4.8 ) d ( 6 ～ 22 d) ; CD4 + T lymphocyte subsets counting rose from (65.60 ± 32.58)/μl to (103.04 ± 12.39)/μl,ATP values of CD4 + T cell rose from (79 ±23) μg/L to ( 112 ± 11 ) μg/L; meanwhile,the temperature dropped from (38.3 ± 1.2) ℃ to (36.4 ± 1.1) ℃,WBC dropped from (15.7 ± 4.4) × 109/L to (6.3 ± 3.8) × 109/L,CRP dropped from ( 153.4 ± 37.1 ) mg/L to ( 16.5 ± 4.8) mg/L.During the course of treatment and follow-up,liver function of patients in the trial group remained normal and no acute rejection occurred.Compared with the control group,the temperature recovery time in the trial group was shorter ( respectively F =5.32,8.37,9.12,all P ＜ 0.05) and the therapeutic outcome was better.Conclusions The cellular immune function test could be evaluated according to the ATP values of CD4 + T cell and CD4 + T lymphocyte subsets counting.For severe infection after liver transplantation, anti-infection treatment and simultaneously withdrawing immunosuppressants help to control the infection.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of suprapubic small cut method combined with transurethral resection prostate(TURP) on the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) complicated with bladder stones.Methods Sixty patients with BPH complicated with bladder stones ≥ 3 cm in the People's Hospital of Futian Affiliated to Guangdong Medical College from January 2013 to September 2014 were selected as the study group,and another 60 patients with BPH complicated with bladder stones＜3 cm during the same period were selected as the control group.The cases in the study group were treated with suprapubic small cut method combined with TURP,and the cases in control group were treated with transurethral method combined with TURP.The intraoperative indicators (including the time used for crushed stone,total operation time,blood loss,conversion to laparotomy,blood transfusion and bladder perforation),residual bladder stones and complications of postoperative were compared.Results The operations of the two groups of patients were successfully,and there was no conversion to laparotomy and either bladder perforation.The stone removal time and total operative time of patients of the study group were shorter than of the control group,the difference was statistically significant((12.20±3.55) min vs.(24.05±7.68) min,(62.31± 10.49) min vs.(82.46± 16.75)min;t =10.849,7.897;P＜0.001).The intraoperative blood loss and the cases of blood transfusion of patients of the study group were less than the control group,but the prevalence of urinary tract infection were higher(6vs.4),but the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Residual stones were more commonly in the control group than in the study group (study group:0,control group:6 cases),the difference was statistically significant(x2 =6.316,P=0.012).Conclusion BPH complicated with bladder stones can be treated by the suprapubic small cut method combined with TURP or transurethral method combined with TURP,but suprapubic small cut method combined with TURP is safer and more effective,which is worthy of popularization and application in clinic.

Objective To study to take the oxidized Mannan?modified 786?0 in renal clear cell carcinom as tumor cells antigen to sensitize Dendrit?ic cells(DC)and to observe the its killing effect on renal clear cell carcinoma of CTLs induced. Methods Getting the peripheral blood mononucle?ar cells from the volunteers,and then to be stimulated to turn to be maturation by GM?CSF and IL?4 in vitro. Taking the clear renal carcinoma cell as the tumor antigen,and then making it to be modified by oxidized Mannan to acquire the tumor cell vaccine.Experimental groups include:blank group:DC?PBS group,control group:control?DC?786?0,experimental group:DC?Ox?Mannose?786?0 group. Taking the flow cytometry to detect the changes of DC phenotype,then taking the ELISA to detect the sencretion levels of supernatant of IL?12 of DC,then taking the CCK to detecte the cytotoxicity of lymphocytes(CTL)induced by DC of these experiment groups. Results Results by flow cytometry:the mature phenotype of DCs sensitized by Ox?Mannose?786?0 group included CD80,CD83,CD86 and HLA?DR expressed significantly higher than the other groups. As well as the secretion levels of IL?12. Meanwhile the cytotoxicity activity of lymphocytes(CTLs)induced by DCs which are sensitized by Ox?Mannose?786?0 increased more significantly than the other groups. Conclusion Glycosylated Antigens can be more effective in sensitizing antigen?presenting cells DC,and stimulating them to be maturation,while the killing effect to tumor cells also have noticeably improved.

Aim To investigate the role of tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2),dopa-decarboxylase (DDC)and monoamine oxidase-A(MAO-A)in depression-like be-haviors induced by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS).Methods 30 male SD rats were randomly di-vided into model group(MG)and control group(CG). Rat depression model was developed by CUS for 28 consecutive days in a solitary condition.The depres-sion-like behaviors of rats were evaluated by open-field test(OFT)and forced-swimming test(FST).The real time PCR and Western blot test were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression of TPH2,DDC and MAO-A in rat telencephalon and hippocampus.Re-sults The movement scores of rats were obviously de-creased in OFT(P<0.01 ).The immobility time was obviously increased in FST (P <0.01 ).The mRNA and protein expressions of TPH2 and DDC were de-creased significantly (P <0.01,P <0.05 )and the MAO-A mRNA and protein expressions were increased significantly(P <0.01,P <0.05 )in telencephalon and hippocampus of MG rats, when compared with those in CG rats.Conclusion The TPH2,DDC and MAO-A in rat telencephalon and hippocampus were closely related with the depression-like behaviors of rats induced by CUS.

Aim To investigate if anti-depressive effect of venlafaxine was associated with improving oxi-dative stress and expression of hippocampus NET and 5-HTT in rat model induced by CUS. MethodsEighty SD male rats were randomly divided into four groups:model group(MG),normal group(NG), ven-lafaxine-treated normal group ( VNG ) , and venlafax-ine-treated model group ( VMG) . VNG and VMG were given venlafaxine (23. 4 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 ) once daily;NG and MG were given the same volume solvent. Soli-tary condition with chronic unpredicted stress ( CUS ) was taken to establish rat depression model. The force swimming test was used to evaluate the behavior chan-ges of experimental rats. The malondialdehyde ( MDA) level and activity of superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) in serum were determined by biochemical methods. The mRNA and protein expressions of NET and 5-HTT in
hippocampus were determined by Real-Time Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( real-time RT-PCR) and Western blot ( WB) , respectively. Results Compared with NG rats, obviously increasing immo-bile time of rats in force swimming test and serum MDA level, as well as significantly decreasing SOD activity in serum was observed with clearly decreasing 5-HTT expression and elevating NET expression in hippocam-pus of MG rats. The treatment of venlafaxine distinctly suppressed changes above from CUS-induced rats. However, significant changes failed to be found in VNG rats. Conclusion The anti-depressive effect of venlafaxine may at least partly involve in improving ox-idative stress/anti-oxidative stress balance and revers-ing abnormal expression of NET and 5-HTT.