Objective To design a multi-signal bio-feedback instrument in order to treat related diseases.Methods Based on the principle of bio-feedback and ARM microprocessor,an instrument was designed which not only feedbacked RSA,EMG,skin thermal and skin conductance;but also provided a relaxation training method through deep breathing.Results The system could finish bio-feedback and relaxation training.Conclusion The instrument is easy to use and possesses powerful functions.It can be used for the treatment of psycho-physiological diseases and some psychoneuroses.

Background It is essential to measure and assess the parameters of ocular anterior segment for refractive surgery in myopic eyes.Some different imaging devices can be used for biometric measurement of ocular anterior segment,but which is more accurate and convenient is still under investigation.Objective This study was to compare the anterior segment parameters in myopic eyes measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT),Orbscan topography and ultrasonic pachymetry (US).Methods One hundred and forty eyes of 70 myopic subjects with the diopter of-0.75 to-10.25 D,who intended to receive corneal refractive surgery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from November 2011 to May 2012,were retrospectively analyzed.Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured using AS-OCT,Orbscan Ⅱ and US,respectively,and anterior chamber depth (ACD) was measured by AS-OCT and Orbscan Ⅱ,and the angle to angle (ATA) distance and corneal white-to-white corneal distance (WTW) were measured by AS-OCT and Orbscan Ⅱ,respectively.The parameters from different apparatuses were statistically compared.Results The mean CCT were (516.57±30.25) μm in AS-OCT,(523.68±31.87) μm in US and (514.69±38.40) μm in Orbscan Ⅱ,without significant difference among them (F =2.775,P =0.063).Then the patients were divided into three groups based on the US measurement of CCT (＜500 μm group,500-569 μm group,and ≥ 570 μm group).In the ＜500 μm group,there was a significant difference in the CCT among the three methods (F =22.236,P =0.000),significant differences were found between AS-OCT and Orbscan Ⅱ,or Orbscan Ⅱ and US(both at P＜0.05).In the 500-569 μm group,there was no significant difference in the CCT among the three methods (F =3.011,P =0.051).In the ≥ 570 μm group,there was a significant difference in the CCT among the three methods (F =4.133,P =0.021),a significant difference was found between AS-OCT and US(P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between AS-OCT and Orbscan Ⅱ (P＞0.05).The ACD values measured by AS-OCT was (3.83±0.21) mm,which was higher than (3.75 ± 0.21) mm by Orbscan Ⅱ,with a significant difference between them (t =-8.520,P =0.000).In addition,the ATA value by AS-OCT (12.43 mm±0.74 mm) was higher than the WTW value (11.42 mm±0.33 mm) by OrbscanⅡ,with a significant difference between them(t=-18.088,P=0.000).Conclusions AS-OCT,US and Orbscan Ⅱ can offer accurate CCT value,and they can provide references to one another before refractive surgery.However,the ACD,ATA and WTW values by AS-OCT and Orbscan]Ⅱ have large differences.

OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to analyze the underlying bacterial pathogens of the tonsils and adenoids in children with sleep-disordered breathing(SDB).METHODS The core tissue from the tonsils and/or adenoids of 163 SDB children was cultured aerobically. Of the 163 cases, 120 children underwent adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy simultaneously(A+T), 39 children underwent adenoidectomy(A) and 4 tonsillectom(T) only. 124 children who underwent tonsillectomy were subdivided into two groups based on history(with or without a history of recurrent tonsillitis). 71 children with the history were enrolled in the 'recurrent tonsillitis group' and 53 children without the history were enrolled in 'non- recurrent tonsillitis group'.RESULTS Of the total 120 cases who underwent A+T, 114(95.00%) cases had same distribution of bacteria detected in both sides in the same patient. Besides this, 17 cases in whom mixed organisms were identified in both sites shared common pathogen. No significant difference in the detection rates of staphylococcus aureus and haemophilus influenzae were found when we compared seasons(Tonsil:χ2=8.538,P=0.201; Adenoid:χ2=5.427, P=0.490). No significant difference in the type and detection rate of essential bacteria was found when we compared between recurrent tonsillitis group and 'non-recurrent tonsillitis group' (χ2=3.028,P=0.387).CONCLUSION The bacterial isolates from the tonsils and adenoids are virtually identical in type and detection rate in the same SDB patient. The bacterial distribution of the tonsillar and adenoidal core is unaffected by the seasonal variation and history of recurrent tonsillitis.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the performance of several pattern recognition methods in the identification of volatile oils of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)by infrared spectroscopy. METHODS:The volatile oils of several Lonicera and Citrus TCM were determined by infrared spectroscopy. All samples of infrared spectrum were classified by hierarchical clustering,K-mean clustering,artificial neural networks,and support vector machine. RESULTS:The results of hierarchical clustering and K-mean clus-tering were ineffective. Methods of artificial neural networks and support vector machine achieved correct classification rate of 100%. CONCLUSIONS:Artificial neural networks and support vector machine can be combined with infrared spectroscopy to cre-ate chemometric fingerprinting for the identification of volatile oils of TCM.

Objective To set up a method for identification of Lonicerae japonicae flos volatile oils using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Methods The volatile oils of Lonicerae japonicae flos and Lonicerae flos was extracted by steam distillation combined with continuous liquid-liquid extraction with hexane. An oil film was prepared for Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy scanning by dropping the volatile oils solution on the KBr disc and evaporating the solvent. The obtained infrared spectrum was treated by baseline removing and median filter smoothing. The spectral data within 1800-850 cm-1 was selected as the characteristic spectrum for hierarchical cluster analysis. And the volatile oils of Lonicerae japonicae flos and Lonicerae flos were discriminated by the result of hierarchical cluster analysis. Results Enough volatile oils were extracted for obtaining Fourier-transform infrared spectrum from small amount of Lonicerae japonicae flos. The method developed in the study was able to discriminate Lonicerae japonicae flos volatile oils from Lonicerae flos volatile oils. Conclusion The method can be used for identification of Lonicerae japonicae flos volatile oils.

Objective To investigate the influence of preoperative diabetes mellitus (DM) on postoperative morbidity of pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Methods The clinical data of 302 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy from January 1,2005 to August 31,2012 were retrospectively analyzed.Results 113 patients (37.4％)had preoperative DM among the total 302 patients.The percentage of the major complication including pancreatic fistulas,delayed gastric emptying,infections,acute kidney injury and mortality accounted for 19.9％,12.9％,25.9％,36.0％,3.2％ and 3.5％ respectively.In the DM group,firm pancreatic texture was more common than that in non-DM group (x2 =15.175,P ＜ 0.01).While pancreatic fistula in the DM group developed less frequently(x2 =7.811,P =0.005) than that in non-DM group.Delayed gastric emptying,infections,acute kidney injury,hemorrhage,pulmonary,cardiovascular and neurologic complications,as well as length of stay in hospital and mortality were in similar frequency in the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Binary Logistic regression analysis showed DM(OR =0.358,P =0.035) and firm pancreatic texture(OR =0.395,P =0.032) were protective factors against pancreatic fistula while preoperative jaundice(OR =3.819,P =0.010) and intraoperative blood transfusion (OR =1.268,P =0.001) were predisposing factors for pancreatic fistula.Conclusions With good control of perioperative glucose level,DM does not increase operation risk in pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of precise hemihepatectomy guided by middle hepatic vein(MHV),and to study the value of preoperative hepatic vein evaluation.Methods The clinical data of 68 patients who received hemihepatectomy at the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from October 2007 to September 2009were prospectively studied.Of the 68 patients,30 received precise hemihepatectomy guided by MHV(precise group)and 38 received anatomical hemihepatectomy(traditional group).The types of hepatic vein in the precise group were evaluated and classified preoperatively.The operation time,operative blood loss,volume of blood transfusion,liver function,morbidity and length of hospital stay of the 2 groups were compared.All data were analyzed using the t test,rank sum test,chi-square test and Fisher exact probability.Results According to the Nakamura's classification,there were 17(57%)patients with type Ⅰ,8(27%)with type Ⅱ and 5(16%)with type Ⅲ;according to the Kawasaki's classification,there were 11 patients with type Ⅰ(37%)and 19 with type Ⅱ(63%).There were 13 patients received right hepatectomy with MHV preservation,15 received left hepatectomy with MHV preservation,1 received right hepatectomy without MHV preservation and 1 received left hepatectomy without MHV preservation.There were no significant difference in the volume of operative blood loss and blood transfusion,level of alanine transaminase,total bilirubin,cholinesterase at postoperative day 3,total length of hospital stay and length of postoperative hospital stay between the 2 groups(t = 1.07,0.92,0.07,0.21,0.63,0.63,0.75,P ＞ 0.05).The operation time,levels of albumin at postoperative day 3 and complication rate were (342 ± 113)minutes,(35 ±3)g/L and 40%(12/30)in the precise group,and(270 ±73)minutes,(33 ±3)g/Land 66%(25/38)in the traditional group,respectively,with significant differences between the 2 groups(t =2.79,2.19;x2 =4.49,P＜0.05).The positive rates of the resection margin were 5%(1/19)in the precise group and 35%(8/23)in the traditional group,there was a significant difference between the 2 groups(P ＜0.05).ConclusionPreoperative hepatic vein evaluation and precise hemihepateetomy guided by MHV can preserve the functional liver tissues with venous drainage,achieve adequate tumor-free resection margin and reduce the postoperative complication rate.

Objective To evaluate femoral artery ligation for femoral artery pseudoaneurysm secondary to drug injection. Methods Clinical data of 32 drug addicts of femoral artery pseudoaneursysm caused by drug injection undergoing femoral artery ligation and local debridement were reviewed retrospectively.The blood supply of affected limb was evaluated by oxygen saturation of distal limb and its function.All the cases were followed up at 3,6,9,and 12months after the operation. Results Surgery was successful in all cases. There were no significantly difference of the limb oxygen saturation between postoperative and preoperative period (95.1％ ± 2.8％ vs.96.9％ ± 1.9％ ; t =1.26,P =0.25 ).White blood cells and neutrophils percentage significantly decreased after surgery.All patients were followed up for 1 year.Lower extremity ischemia after 6 hours of operation in one case treated by autologous saphenous vein bypass recovered. On 3 months mild claudication was observed in 5 cases. On 6 months claudication remained in only 2 cases,which disappeared on 9 months.All patients were able to maintain normal life.Conclusions Femoral artery ligation is a safe, effective and simple treatment modality for femoral pseudoaneurysms secondary to drug injection.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of precise hepatectomy for primary liver cancer.nethods A total of 103 liver cancer patients who had been admitted to Drum Tower Hospital from July 2007 to October 2009 were divided into precise hepatectomy group(n=54)and routine hepatectomy group (n=49).Peri-and postoperative conditions and the results of follow-up of patients in the 2 groups were compared.All data were analyzed via t test or Fisher exact test.Results No perioperative mortality was observed in the 2 groups.Mean blood loss was(635±608)ml in precise hepatectomy group and(929±1044)ml in routine hepatectomy group,with no significant difference between the 2 groups(t=1.722,P>0.05).Intraoperative blood transfusion volume,postoperative level of aspartate transaminase,positive rate of resection margin and incidence of postoperative complications were(222±381)ml,(158±121)U/L,2%(1/54)and 7%(4/54)in precise hepatectomy group,and were(542±785)ml,(292±347)U/L,18%(9/49)and 24%(12/49)in routine hepatectomy group,with significant difference between the 2 groups(t=2.590,2.558,P<0.05).The 1-year tumor recurrence rate and 1-year survival were 24%(8/33)and 85%(28/33)in precise hepatectomy group,42%(20/48)and 77%(37/48)in routine hepatectomy group,with no significant difference(P>0.05).Conclusion Precise hepatectomy is safe and effective in the treatment of liver caner without much injury to patients.

Objective In view of the trend of networking development in modern high education and the characteristics of students' strong self-learning ability, Peking Union Medical College established a multimedia morphological teaching website from 2013 including human anatomy, neuroanatomy, histology and embryology.Methods According to the teaching demand, the use of the ASP script, combined with Mysql database completed the website development, from the interface design to the curriculum, the syllabus, presentations and laboratory videos uploading.Results Through the questionnaire survey, 45% of the students use website more than 3 times a week, and course content column has the highest use frequency (79%).An independent learning platform effect has been achieved.Conclusions After nearly 4 years exploration and practice, multimedia website has become an important part of morphological courses, as a kind of new teaching mode, not only popular for college teachers and students, but also widely used in clinical teaching.