Objective To explore the pharmacokinetic characteristics of telmisartan in Chinese healthy volunteers. Methods 9 Chinese male healthy volunteers were divided into receiving orally a single dose of 40, 80, 120 mg telmisartan tablets respectively, in latin square design study. After administration of telmisartan tablets, the plasma concentration was determined by HPLC with fluorescent detection. The pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed by 3P97 program. Results It was found that plasma levels increased after orally increased dosages of telmisartan in the healthy volunteers in a nor-dose-dependent manner. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated the follows: AUC 0-96 of three different dosages (40, 80,120 mg) were (895.03?364.53), ( 3 030.34? 1 454.80) and ( 13 570.44? 3 551.54) ?g?h -1?L -1; and C max were (60.71?28.10), (214.05?74.14) and (978.32?234.89) ?g?L -1. There were significant differences in AUC 0-t/dose, C max/dose between the groups (P

ObjectiveTo evaluate the reliability and clinical value for detecting paraquat (PQ)concentration in serum by spectrometry. MethodsThe determinations of wave length for detecting serum PQ concentration by ordinary spectrometry and second-derivative spectrometry were carried out. When the second-derivative spectrometry was used for detecting PQ in serum, the linear range and precision for PQ concentration were well defined. The results of serum PQ concentration determined by second-derivative spectrometry and by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) were compared in 8 patient with PQ poisoning. A total of 21 patients with acute poisoning after PQ ingestion over 4 hours admitted from October 2008 through September 2010 were retrospectively studied. Patients were divided into two groups as per the serum concentrations more than 1.8 μg/mL or less than that by second-derivative spectrometry on the day of admission. The severity of clinical manifestations between two groups was analyzed with t-test or Fisher's exact probabilities analysis. Results ( 1 ) The absorption peak of 257 nm could not be found by using ordinary spectrometry to detect the PQ concentration in serum. (2) The calibration curve in the 0. 4 ～ 8.0μg/mL range for detecting PQ concentration by second-derivative spectrometry observed the Beer's law (r =0. 996) . The average retrieval rate of PQ was within the range of 95.0％～ 99. 5％ with relative standard deviation (RSD) within 1.35％～ 5.41％ ( n = 6), and the lowest detection limit was 0. 05μg/mL. (3) The results of PQ concentrations from 8 patients with PQ poisoning detected by second-derivative spectrometry were consistent with those of the quantitative determinations by HPLC ( r = 0. 995,P＜0. 01 ) . (4) The survival rate of patients with serum PQ concentration more than 1.8 μg/mL was 22. 2％ ,and the incidences of acidosis, oligouria and pneumomediastium in these patients were 55.6％,55. 6％ and 77.8％, respectively. These clinical manifestations were significantly different from those in patients with serum PQ concentration less than 1.8 μg/mL ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) . Conclusions ( 1 ) It was inappropriate to take 257 nm as the determination wave length for detecting serum PQ concentration by ordinary spectrometry. (2) The method of second-derivative spectrometry was reliable for detecting serum PQ concentration. (3) Serum PQ concentration detected by second derivative spectrometry could be used to predict the severity of clinical manifestations of patients with PQ poisoning and was an important predictive factor for poor prognosis if the serum PQ concentration more than 1.8 μg/mL after PQ ingestion over 4 hours.

Objective To optimize the extraction of volatile oil from Qingjie Granules and process of inclusion compound of beta-cyclodextrin. Methods Water Distillation was used for extraction. Extraction time, grinding degree, and the amount of water were set as inspection factors, and volatile oil volume was set as the evaluation index to inspect extraction process of volatile oil from Qingjie Granules. With inclusion rate as the evaluation index, the single factor test and the Box-Behnken combined with the response surface method were used to choose the optimum inclusion process. Results The optimum extraction process for Schizonepetae Herba, Saposhnikoviae Radix and Forsythiae Fructus coarse powder should be with 10 times amount of water, extracting 3 h. Inclusion method should be saturated water solution method, and the inclusion process of volatile oil as feed and beta-cyclodextrin inclusion ratio was 1:12; the temperature was 40 ℃; inclusion time was 3.5 h. By means of TLC, UV and IR spectra, the formation of the inclusion compound of volatile oil in clear solution particles was preliminarily proved. Conclusion The optimum extraction and inclusion process of volatile oil from Qingjie Granules are stable and feasible, which can be used in industrial production.

Objective The studies on tissue culture and cytological observations of leaf explants of Curculigo orchioides were conducted in order to provide the basis for the rapid propagation of C. orchioides. Methods Young leaf explants of C. orchioides were cultured on MS basal media. Differences in the callus induction and plantlet regeneration rate were observed by different light treatment as well as chemical factors like different phytohormones, casein hydrolysate (CH), and activated charcoal (AC) concentrations. Paraffin method was used to cytological observation. Results For callus induction of leaf explants of C. orchioides, dark treatment gave better results compared to light treatment; among the media tested, the suitable phytohormone combinations were 2.0 mg/L 2, 4-D or 6-BA 1.5 mg/L+2, 4-D 2.5 mg/L, and 300 mg/L CH+0.2% AC was good for plantlet regeneration from leaf explants. The callus from leaf explants mainly originated from midrib. The parenchyma cells near epicuticle of midrib firstly were initiated to division. Then the parenchyma cells of vascular bundle sheath and mesophyll cells on each side of vascular bundle were also divided to form callus. The buds developed on the peripheral parts of the calli, but the roots developed in the regions deep within the calli. Conclusion Tissue culture of young leaf explants of C. orchioides can make the propagation of C. orchioides rapid.

OBJECTIVE To study and improve the washing methods for the metal piping medical instruments. METHODS Some contaminated metal uteroventral scraping and drawing instruments were randomly divided into group A(by the ultrasonic vibration with proteinase washing method)and group B(by the traditional manual washing method). The effects of two washing methods were studied. RESULTS The qualified rate of experimental samples in the group A was higher than that in the group B(P

A rare case of submandibular venous malformation with multiple phleboliths is reported.The clinical pathology,diagnosis ,treat-ment,causes and differential diagnosis of submandibular gland sialolithiasis were discussed based on related literatures.

Objective To compare the diagnostic performances of strain elastography (SE) and shear-wave elastography (SWE) in differentiating benign and malignant solid breast lesions. Methods From January 2015 to December 2015, 150 patients with 155 lesions were examined with SE and SWE respectively in the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University. Elasticity scores on a improved 5-point scale,strain ratio (SR), maximum elasticity (Emax), mean elasticity (Emean), standard deviation of the elasticity (Esd) and the lesion-to-fat elasticity ratio (Eratio) were assessed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of SE and SWE parameters were plotted to assess the value in distinguishing benign and malignant breast lesions. The results were compared using the area under the ROC curve (AUC). The accuracy of the parameters with the largest AUC were compared between SE and SWE by McNemar test in different breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) categories. Results The AUC of elasticity scores, SR, Emax,Emean, Esd and Eratio were 0.823, 0.810, 0.877, 0.835, 0.881 and 0.853, respectively. The SE and SWE parameter with the largest AUC were elasticity scores and Esd respectively. The accuracy of Esd was higher than that of elasticity scores(86.3% vs 64.7%)in 4A lesions (2=4.639, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in accuracy in other BI-RADS categories. Conclusions Both SE and SWE were helpful for the differentiation of benign and malignant solid breast lesions, and the diagnostic performance of SE and SWE was similar. The optimization of elastography can be achieved by combination with BI-RADS.

Objective To observe the Pin1 expression pattern in skin and to establish an inducible skin specific Pin1 overexpression mouse model. Methods The mouse Pin1 gene was cloned into modified vector pTRE2 with C?terminal Myc tag. The linearized pTRE2?Pin1 DNA was micro?injected into one?cell embryos followed by implantation into foster mice to produce TRE?Pin1 transgenic mice. Results TRE?Pin1 transgenic founder mice were successfully created. These mice were crossed with transgenic tool mice K14?rtTA to create epithelial specific double transgenic progenies. Pin1 gene was induced by incorporating doxycycline into drinking water of the mice. Pin1 protein overexpression in the skin was con?firmed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The endogenous Pin1 protein was predominantly expressed in epidermal cells in the skin. Conclusions The inducible skin specific Pin1 overexpression mouse model is successfully established which may serve as a useful model for further study of Pin1 functions in the skin.

Objective:To correlate bone mineral density with serum bone metabolism indexes in patients with hyperthyroidism.Methods:Thirty patients with hyperthyroidism who received treatment in the General Hospital of Taiyuan Iron and Steel (Group) Co., Ltd. from January 2018 to August 2019 were included in the hyperthyroidism group. Additional 30 healthy subjects who concurrently received routine physical examination were included in the control group. Bone mineral density in all subjects was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone metabolism indexes in all subjects were measured using a Roche chemiluminescence instrument: 25-hydroxyvitamin D level [25(OH)D], aminoterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) and beta-cardiotoxin (β-CTX). Correlation between bone mineral density and serum bone metabolism indexes was analyzed using Spearman method.Results:Bone mineral density in lumbar vertebrae 1-4 [(0.86 ± 0.14) g/cm 3], left femoral neck [(0.79 ± 0.07) g/cm 3] and left hip joint [(0.72 ± 0.10) g/cm 3] in the hyperthyroidism group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(1.28 ± 0.21) g/cm 3, (1.03 ± 0.18) g/cm 3, (0.86 ± 0.13) g/cm 3, t = 9.115, 6.806, 4.675, all P < 0.001]. There were 6 cases of osteoporosis, 12 cases of osteopenia and 12 cases of normal bone in the hyperthyroidism group. There was 1 case of osteoporosis, 6 cases of osteopenia and 23 cases of normal bone in the control group. There was significant difference in the number of cases developing osteoporosis between hyperthyroidism and control groups ( Z = 2.968, P < 0.05). Serum level of 25(OH)D in the hyperthyroidism group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(16.89 ± 4.31) μg/L vs. (24.13 ± 5.48) μg/L, t = 5.688, P < 0.001]. Serum levels of PINP and β-CTX in the hyperthyroidism group were significantly lower than those in the control group [PINP: (49.37 ± 10.23) μg/L vs. (47.68 ± 6.49) μg/L; β-CTX: (774.56 ± 159.67) ng/L vs. (534.32 ± 167.48) ng/L, t = 45.974 and 5.687, both P < 0.001]. In the hyperthyroidism group, bone mineral density at lumbar vertebrae 1-4, left femoral neck and left hip joint was positively correlated with serum level of 25(OH)D ( r = 0.417, 0.396, 0.401, all P < 0.05), and it was negatively correlated with serum levels of PINP and β-CTX ( r = -0.414, -0.399, -0.432, -0.404, -0.387, -0.412, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Hyperthyroidism patients generally have low bone mineral density and accelerated bone metabolism. It is of great significance to regularly monitor bone mineral density and serum bone metabolism indexes in hyperthyroidism patients to prevent osteoporosis.

Objective To study the content of volatile oil from old leaves, tender leaves, fallen leaves and seeds of cinnamomum camphora tree in Hunan, China. To prepare and identify the volatile oil of its β-cycoldextrin inclusion compound. Methods The volatile oil was extracted by water-steam distillation. With inclusion rate as the index, trituration method, saturated water solution method and ultrasound method were compared. The optimum conditions were investigated by the orthogonal test. The inclusion compound was identified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), ultraviolet visible spectrum (UV-Vis) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results From June to July, the average content of volatile oil extracted from old leaves, tender leaves, fallen leaves and seeds were 1.58%, 1.52%, 0.84% and 1.39%, respectively. The optimum preparation conditions were as follows:the ratio of β-cyclodextrin and volatile oil was 10∶1, the adding water was 4 times and inclusing time was 2 h. Before and after inclusion, the spectrum of TLC and UV-Vis of volatile oil showed no obvious change. The DSC of inclusion compound,β-cycoldextrin, volatile oil and the mixture had significant differences. Conclusion The amount of the volatile oil from old leaves is higher. The optimized condition of inclusion is stable and reasonable.