0.05),however,the contents of the2solutions in PVC containers decreased(P

To investigate effects of l% l-acetylforskoin (l-aF) suspension eye-drops administeredtopically on intraocular pressure (IOP) in rabbits and men, and observe the loca l irritation of the drug． l% l-aF suspension eye-drops was prepared and was instilled into one of e yes while the corresponding vehicle into the contralateral eye as control． IOP was measured b y pneumatonometer before and after administration． l%1-aF suspension eye-drops s ig nificantly reduced IOP in rabbits reaching the maximum reduction of 2.2 mmHg and lasting a t least 3 hours． But it didnt show significant effects in men． There was little local irritati on neither in rabbits nor in men． l% l-aF suspension eye-drops significantly reduced IOP in normal rabbit s, but not in men． No local irritation was observed in rabbits and in men．

ObjectiveForskolin （FSK） analogs，isoforskolin （isoF），deacetylforskolin（deaF），and 1-acetylforskolin（1-aF），extracted from Coleus forskohlii native to Yunnan，were assayed for their adenylate cyclase stimulating activities in vitro and for effects of two analogs on ocular hypertension （OHT） in water-loaded rabbits．MethodsAdenylate cyclase stimulation was determined by protein-binding method of radioimmunoassay，and intraocular pressure was monitored by pneumatonometer．ResultsIt showed that isoforskolin and forskolin stimulated adenylate cyclase in vitro with almost equal activity，deacetylforskolin with milder activity，and 1-acetylforskolin with little activity in vitro．1％ deaF and 1-aF suppressed rabbit OHT induced by water-loading for at least 3h，with the maximal inhibitory rates of 6.0，10.9% respectively．ConclusionThis study suggests that two foskolin analogs （isoforskolin，deacetylforskolin） possess adenylate cyclase stimulation activities in vitro；deacetylforskolin and 1-acetylforskolin suppress OHT induced by water-loading in rabbits．

Adenoma ; pathology ; Colonic Neoplasms ; pathology ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the spiral ganglion degeneration and the expression of EFR3A in the cochlea of the deaf mice induced by co-administration of kanamycin and furosemide.

METHODSEight weeks old C57BL/6J mice were administered with a single dose of kanamycin followed by furosemide, then fluorescent immunohistochemistry staining and transmission electron microscopy were applied to observe the SGNs' degeneration process and extent characteristics at 1, 5, 15, 30 and 60 days following treatment. We detected the expression of EFR3A during the degeneration of SGNs via fluorescent immunohistochemistry and western blotting.

RESULTSCo-administration of kanamycin and furosemide quickly induced cochlear hair cell death in mice, and then caused progressive degeneration of SGNs. Our results showed that the abnormal morphology of SGNs occurredat day 5 following administration, and the number of SGNs began to decrease at day 15. Compared to the control group, it was found the remarkable increase of the EFR3A protein at the fifth day after co-administration, then decreased to the nearly normal at 15 days following treatment, and no further significant changes thereafter.

CONCLUSIONThe changes of the EFR3A protein expression in the spiral ganglion of the cochlea in mice are coincidence with the time of the SGNs degeneration to happen, which imply that EFR3A may play an important role in the occurrence of the SGNs' degeneration in the cochlea in mice following hair cells loss.

Animals ; Cochlea ; metabolism ; Furosemide ; Hair Cells, Auditory ; Kanamycin ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; metabolism ; Spiral Ganglion ; metabolism ; pathology

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A for injection in the treatment of post-stroke upper limb spasticity (dosage was 200 U,or 240 U if combined with thumb spasticity).Methods The study was a multi-center,stratified block randomized,double-blind,placebocontrolled trial.All the qualificd subjects were from 15 clinical centers from September 2014 to February 2016.They were randomized (2∶1) to injections of botulinum toxin type A made in China (200-240 U;n =118) or placebo (n =60) in pivotal phase after informed consent signed.The study was divided into two stages.The pivotal trial phase included a one-week screening,12-week double-blind treatment,followed by an expanded phase which included six-week open-label treatment.The tone of the wrist,finger,thumb flexors was assessed at baseline and at weeks 0,1,4,6,8,12,16 and 18 using Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS),disability in activities of daily living was rated using the Disability Assessment Scale and impaction on pain,muscle tone and deformity was assessed using the Global Assessment Scale.The primary endpoint was the score difference between botulinum toxin type A and placebo groups in the tone of the wrist flexor using MAS at six weeks compared to baseline.Results Muscle tone MAS score in the wrist flexor of botulinum toxin type A and placebo groups at six weeks changed-1.00 (-2.00,-1.00) and 0.00 (-0.50,0.00) respectively from baseline.Botulinum toxin type A was significantly superior to placebo for the primary endpoint (Z =6.618,P ＜ 0.01).The safety measurement showed 10 subjects who received botulinum toxin type A had 13 adverse reactions,with an incidence of 8.47％ (10/118),and three subjects who received placebo had three adverse reactions,with an incidence of 5.00％ (3/60) during the pivotal trial phase.All adverse reactions were mild to moderate,none serious.There was no significant difference in adverse reactions incidence between the botulinum toxin type A and the placebo groups.During the expanded phase three subjects had four adverse reactions and the incidence was 1.95％.All adverse reactions were mild,none serious.Conclusion Botulinum toxin type A was found to be safe and efficacious for the treatment of post-stroke upper limb spasticity.Clinical Trial Registration:China Drug Trials,CTR20131191

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the combination of Naoxintong Capsule with standard care could further reduce the recurrence of ischemic stroke without increasing the risk of severe bleeding. METHODS: A total of 23 Chinese medical centers participated in this trial. Adult patients with a history of ischemic stroke were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio using a block design to receive either Naoxintong Capsule (1.2 g orally, twice a day) or placebo in addition to standard care. The primary endpoint was recurrence of ischemic stroke within 2 years. Secondary outcomes included myocardial infarction, death due to recurrent ischemic stroke, and all-cause mortality. The safety of drugs was monitored. Results were analyzed using the intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS: A total of 2,200 patients were enrolled from March 2015 to March 2016, of whom 143 and 158 in the Naoxintong and placebo groups were lost to follow-up, respectively. Compared with the placebo group, the recurrence rate of ischemic stroke within 2 years was significantly lower in the Naoxintong group [6.5% vs. 9.5%, hazard ratio (HR): 0.665, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.492-0.899, P=0.008]. The two groups showed no significant differences in the secondary outcomes and safety, including rates of severe hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The combination of Naoxintong Capsule with standard care reduced the 2-year stroke recurrence rate in patients with ischemic stroke without increasing the risk of severe hemorrhage in high-risk patients. (Trial registration No. NCT02334969).
Adult ; Humans ; Secondary Prevention/methods* ; Ischemic Stroke ; Stroke/prevention & control* ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/complications* ; Double-Blind Method ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors