In domestic market, there was a rise in prices of chemicals owing to the cost oriented type of pricing in 1988, and the prices have been lowered due to sales promotion since the last quarter of 1989. Based on these aspects ,the problems and disadvantages existing in the present policy of price-fixing for chemicals in China are evaluated. It is, therefore, necessary to reform the price-fixing policy and some assumptions and suggestions are made.

Objective To investigate the signaling mechanisms underlying synergistic induction of MUC5AC mucin by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae(NTHi)and epidermal growth factor (EGF).Methods The expression of MUC5AC was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and Luciferase assay.Western blot was performed to examine the synergistic induction of phosphorylation of P38,extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)and P21-activated kinase(PAK)4 or the effect of dominant negative mutant of PAK4 on the synerglstic induction of phosphorvlation of P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(P38MAPK)and ERK in HM3 cells treated with NTHi and EGF.Luciferase asgay was also performed to examine the effect of P38,ERK inhibitors or dominant negative mutants of P38MAPK and ERK on synergistic enhancement of NTHi-induced MUC5AC up-regulation by EGF at transcriptional level.Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to examine the effect of PAK4 siRNA on synergistic induction of NTHi-induced MUC5AC up-regulation by EGF.ResuIts NTHi induced MUC5AC mucin expression at both mRNA and transcriptional levels.Synergistic induction of phosFIhorylation of P38MAPK,ERK and PAK4 were observed in HM3 cells treated with NTHi and EGF.Either SB203580,a specific inhibitor for P38MAPK or PD98059,a specific inhibitor for ERK inhibited synergistic induction of MUC5AC at transcription level.Furthmore, overexpressing dominant negative mutant of P38MAPK and ERK also inhibited synergistic induction of MUC5AC at transcription level. PAK4 siRNA inhibited the synergistic induction of MUC5AC by NTHi and EGF. Overexpressing dominant negative mutant of PAK4 also reduccd synergistic induction of phosphorylation of P38 and ERK. Conclusion Synergistic induction of MUC5AC mucin by NTHi is up-regulated by EGF via PAK4-dependent P38MAPK and ERK pathways.

BACKGROUND: The autonomous neurogenic bladder(ANB) is one of the common problems and difficulty in rehabilitation of patients with spine injury. Having the advantages of safety, non-invasion and no side-effects,functional magnetic stimulation(FMS) has been applied in central nervous system(CNS) neurotransmission, recovery from nervous exhaustion, bone healing, treatment of neural disorders and research of brain function, and so on. But the studies on treatment of ANB after spine injury are not as profound and systematic as they were needed.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effect of FMS in patients with ANB caused by spine injury.DESIGN: A longitudinal observation based on patients.SETTING: Department of Rehabilitative Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.PARTICIPANTS: From May 2003 to May 2004, 12 patients with ANB hospitalized in the Rehabilitative Medicine Department of Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology were selected, 9 were male and 3 were female.METHODS: By using MagLite FMS Devices(made by Dantec, Danmark),a FMS therapy was employed at the sacral 3(S3) nerve root region and the bladder region, twice a day, 5 days a week, and a duration of 4 - 8 weeks.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The pre-and post-treatment dynamics of urine flow variables(such as, residual urine volume, maximum urethral closure pressure(MUCP), the maximum bladder capacity, the bladder pressure, and the maximum urine flow rate), the frequency of urination, the average daily amount of urine, the maximum urine volume(V max), influence of urinary symptoms on the quality of life scale and the symptom score of lower urinary tract syndrome(LUTS) were selected as main outcomes measurements.RESULTS: Nearly all of the pre-and post-treatment dynamics of urine flow variables(such as, residual urine volume, MUCP, the maximum bladder capacity, the bladder pressure and the maximum urine flow rate) exhibited significant difference( P ＜ 0. 01 - 0. 001 ), except for the bladder pressure ( P ＞ 0.05); After FMS therapy, the frequency of urination decreased and the daily amount of urine and the V max increased significantly(P ＜ 0.01-0. 001); Also, the influence of urinary symptoms on the quality of life scale and the symptom score of LUTS changed significantly( P ＜ 0. 001 ).CONCLUSION: FMS therapy can greatly and partly ameliorate the bladder function of the patients with ANB after spine injury, and it can also improve their quality of life significantly.

Objective To evaluate content validity and construct validity of International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health(ICF)Core Set for patients with organ transplantation.Methods Patients with kidney,liver,heart,or lung transplantation were assessed with ICF Core Set questionnaire,Functional Independence Measure(FIM)and Barthel Index(BI).Content validity was evaluated with frequency and percentage of patients with a problem for each ICF category,while construct validity was evaluated with Spearman correlation between ICF categories with FIM and BI.Results A consecutive sample of 102 patients completed this study.In body functions,10 categories were reported as a problem by more than 30% of the patients,of which 22 categories correlated significantly with FIM or BI.In body structures,structure areas of skin(s810)were reported as a problem by 30% of the patients,of which 3 categories correlated significantly with FIM or BI.In activities and participation,3 categories were reported as a problem by 30% of the patients,of which 15 categories correlated significantly with FIM and BI.In environmental factors,8 categories were reported as a facilitator by 30% of the patients,of which 8 categories correlated significantly with FIM or BI.Conclusion The content validity and construct validity of ICF Core Set for patients early after organ transplantation were good.

Objective To investigate the effects of resveratrol on epileptic seizure and cognitive impairment and the role of CREB in rats with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Methods TLE rat model was established by LiCl?pilocarpine injection and resveratrol was administrated at a dose of 15 mg/(kg · d) for 7 days. The rat behavior was evaluated by Racine scale and the CREB expression and phosphorylation in temporal cortex were detected with western blot. The Morris water maze was used to assess the learning and memory. Results Resveratrol administra?tion significantly reduced the Racine scales of TLE rats. The CREB phosphorylation in TLE group was increased compared with that in control group, which was remarkably inhibited by resveratrol. The escape latency of TLE group was increased at 4th, 5th and 6th day after training, and time in target quadrant was reduced compared with that in control group. Resveratrol significantly decreased latency time and increased target quadrant time of TLE rats. Conclusion In TLE rats, resveratrol administration suppresses epileptic seizure and improves cognitive function, which might be mediated by inhibition of CREB phosphorylation.

Objective To compare the effects of propofol-alfentanil and sevoflurane-N2O anesthesia on cerebral vascular reactivity to the changes in carbon dioxide (CO2). Methods Forty ASA class I - II patients undergoing abdominal operations, were randomly divided into two groups. In group I (n = 20), anesthesia was maintained with infusion of propofol at 0.1mg.kg-1 .min-1, plus alfentanil at 1ug.kg-1. min-1. In group II (n = 20), anesthesia was maintained with 1 % sevoflurane and N2 O-O2 (N2 O: O2 = 3: 2). Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), body temperature (T), end-tidal CO2 tension (PETCO2 ), sevoflurane concentrations, pulse O2 saturation (SpO2 ) and the parameters of the middle cerebral artery blood flow, including mean blood flow velocity (Vm), diastolic blood flow (Vd), pulse index (PI) and resistance index (RI), were measured at following occasions: after intubation and when PETCO2 reached 40, 45, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30 and 40mmHg, which was achieved through adjusting mechanical ventilation. The CO2 reactivity index (CRI) was calculated as delta Vm/delta PETCO2 ratio. Results CRI and Vm were lower in propofol--alfentanil group than sevoflurane-N2O group (P

Objective To explore the effect of different concentrations of sevoflurane combined with propofol on CPR and complement in patients with laparoscopic hysterectomy.Methods 80 patients with hysteromyoma were randomly divided into A group with 27 cases, B group with 27 cases and C group with 26 cases.3 groups of patients were underwent laparoscopic hysterectomy surgery, and preoperative anesthesia with different concentrations of sevoflurane, A group with 2.5% sevoflurane anesthesia, B group with 3% sevoflurane anesthesia, C group with 3.5%.The clinical efficacy, CRP, complement levels and adverse reactions were compared among 3 groups.Results Compared with A group, the Karnofsky score of group B and group C was higher(P<0.05), there was no significant difference in Karnofsky score between the two groups of B and C, and the level of CRP in 3 groups increased and C3 and C4 decreased(P<0.05).Compared with group A, the level of CPR in group B and C were lower(P<0.05), C4 and C3 were higher( P<0.05 ) .There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions among 3 groups.Conclusion 3% concentration of sevoflurane combined with propofol in the induction of anesthesia in laparoscopic hysterectomy has better anesthetic effect, and has little effect on the CRP and the complement of the body .

Objective To evaluate the effect of mining waste water on drinking water quality and tumor mortality of villagers. Methods Analyse quality of drinking water sampled from well which only supply water to a family which the well belongs to and survey the death reasons of whole population in the polluted area and the control area. Results Mining waste water discharged by a mine contaminated the nearby river and impacted the drinking water quality of the nearby village also. Compared with the control, the concentration of lead, arsenic and mercury in drinking water of polluted area was much higher. The 5,year total mortality in polluted area and in the control was 3.09% and 1.55% respectively. Tumor mortality in polluted area was 50%, esophagus cancer mortality was 54.24%. Tumor mortality in the control area was 20% only and most tumors were liver cancer. Conclusion The adverse effect of mining waste water on drinking water quality and human health in polluted area has been seen.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of continuous incision analgesia with 0.2％ levobupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in parturients undergoing cesarean section.Methods Thirty ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ parturients who were at full term,aged 20-30 yr,weighing 60-80 kg,undergoing elective cesarean section,were enrolled in the study.The parturients received 0.2％ levobupivacaine 2 ml/h via a continuous incision analgesia device at the end of surgery.Pain was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS).Additional tramadol 50 mg was given when VAS score was above 3 and the consumption was recorded.The effective analgesia within 48 h after surgery (no addition of tramadol,VAS score ≤3) was recorded.The serum prolactin level was measured at 30 min before cesarean section and 24 and 48 h after cesarean section.The colostrum time was recorded.The toxic reaction and side effects were recorded.Results The effective analgesia rate was 80 ％.The consumption of tramadol was (95 ± 15) mg.The colostrum time was (24 ± 6) h.No toxic reaction was found.The serum prolactin level was significantly higher at 24 and 48 h after surgery than that at 30 min before surgery (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Continuous incision analgesia with 0.2％ levobupivacaine provides better efficacy,earlier colostrum time and fewer side effects for postoperative analgesia in parturients undergoing cesarean section.