OBJECTIVE：To compare the effect and adverse reactions of clarithromycin(Limaixian，CT)with those of erythromycin(ET)in treating respiratory tract mycoplasmal infections of children.METHODS：98 patients were randomly divided into CT group(56 cases)and ET group(42 cases)，CT in oral dosage of 20mg/(kg.d)and ET in iv dosage of 30～40mg/(kg· d)were given respectively.RESULTS：The curative rate，effective rate and clearance of mycoplasma of CT group were higher than those of ET group with significant differences(P<0.05).The adverse reactions induced by oral CT were less than those by iv infused ET(P<0.01).CONCLUSION： Oral CT shows satisfactory therapeutic effect， less adverse reactions and can effectively clear away mycoplasma in treatment of respiratory tract mycoplasmal infections of childhood.

Objective To explore the changes of appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, and to analyze the relationship between ASM changes and dietary intake.Methods One hundred and fourteen PD patients were enrolled in Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital using convenience sampling.At baseline, and 6 and 12 months after PD, bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to assess the body weight, total muscle mass, and ASM of these patients, and three-day food record was used to assess the dietary intake.Demographics and clinical data were also collected at baseline.Results Compared with baseline, the patients' ASM at 12 months after PD decreased significantly [(19.27 ± 5.59) kg vs.(25.65 ±6.09) kg, P =0.000], the dietary protein intake and energy intake decreased significantly [(0.85 ± 0.21) g/(kg · d) vs.(0.90 ± 0.27) g/(kg · d), P =0.038;(128.37 ± 26.67) kJ/(kg· d)vs.(137.27 ±29.23) kJ/(kg· d), P=0.001].The patients were divided into three groups based on ASM loss, the mean dietary protein intake of the top-loss 1/3 group was statistically lower than that of the bottom-loss 1/3 group [(0.82 ± 0.18) g/(kg · d) vs.(0.91 ± 0.20) g/(kg · d), P =0.021].Conclusions With the continuation of PD, ASM of patients may decrease, which is likely to be mainly related to deficiency in protein and energy intakes.Dietary management should be strengthened in PD patients to alleviate the loss of ASM.

Objective To explore the role of human parvovirus B19(HPV B19) infection in the onset of aplastic anemia(AA).Methods The presence of HPV B19-DNA was detected in the peripheral blood samples from 22 patients with AA(aplastic anemia) by using nested polymerase chain reaction assay,and 20 healthy blood donors as control.Results Seven of 22(31 8%) AA cases were HPV B19-DNA positive,while all the samples from the control group were negative for HPV B19-DNA (P0 05).Conclusion HPV B19 infection is closely related to the onset of AA,and may be an important viral cause for AA.

BACKGROUND: Nano-hydroxyapatite has been widely used as reconstructive and prosthetic material for osseous tissue, owing to its excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. But, its brittleness is one of the most serious obstacles for its wider applications as load-bearing implants. Therefore, hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites have been widely studied as bone substitute, due to their excellent biocompatibUity and suitable mechanical properties.OBJECTIVE: To review various preparation methods of hydroxya patite/chitosan composites and the development trend in this field.METHODS: Articles were searched in Medline Database (1995-01/2009-03), VIP Database (1995-01/2009-03) and "qinghuatongfang" Database (1995-01/2009-03) with the keywords of "nano-hydroxyapatite, chitosan, preparation, development trend".RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Total 2 034 related articles were collected, including 1 634 in Chinese and 670 in English. Following excluding earilier published, duplicate, and similar studies, we brought into 37 sub-standard literatures. Hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite in nanometer size, with similar structure as natural bone, has better biological function compared with corresponding micrometer composite. Simultaneously, optimized material composition, structure and technology will obtain more suitable bone substitute in mechanical property compared with natural bone. This paper reviews preparation methods at home and abroad in recent years, with the rapid development of biological materials, hydroxyapatite compositematerials have been wisely used in bone tissue repair and replacement surgery, but its poor mechanical properties limits its clinical application.

Objective To study the characteristics of immune function,Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) antibodies and EBV-DNA in children with different clinical types of EBV infection,which provide basis for prevention and treatment of EBV infection.Methods Clinical data of 103 patients suffering from EBV infection were retrospectively analyzed in Xijing Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University.A total of 103 children were divided into infectious mononualeosis(IM) group(n=68),chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection(CAEBV) group(n=13) and Epstein-Barr virus-related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis(EBV-HLH) group(n=22).The changes of EBV antibodies,EBV-DNA,immunoglobulin levels,lymphocyte subpopulation and complement series were detected and compared among the three groups.A total of 26 healthy children at the same stage were enrolled as a control group,immunoglobulin levels,lymphocyte subpopulation and complement series were detected in control group,then compared with the rest of the three groups.Results The levels of C3 and C4 in CAEBV group and EBV-HLH group were significantly decreased than those in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of IgA,IgG and IgE in EBV-HLH group,CAEBV group,IM group and control group gradually increased(P<0.05,respectively).The levels of IgA,IgG and IgE in EBV-HLH group and CAEBV group significantly decreased than those in control group(P<0.05,respectively).The levels of IgA,IgG and IgE in IM group decreased than those in control group,while there were no statistically significant differences(P>0.05).CD8+T cells in IM group significantly increased than those in the rest of the three groups(P<0.05,respectively).T cells,CD8+T cells,CD4+ T cells,CD4+/CD8+ ratios,NK cells,B cells of EBV-HLH group significantly decreased than those in the rest of the three groups(P<0.05).The positive rates of EBV antibodies in CAEBV group and IM group were significantly higher than those in EBV-HLH group(P<0.05).EBV-DNA in EBV-HLH group were significantly higher than those of CAEBV group and IM group(P<0.05).Conclusion EBV-DNA levels in the serum are positively correlated with disease types and severity,the pathogenesis of IM,CAEBV and EBV-HLH induced by EBV infection are associated with immune dysfunction.Dynamic monitoring of EBV load and cell immune function can reflect disease status and progress risk.

Objective To investigate the prevalent feature of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection in Xi'an region from Jan.2015 to Dec.2016.Methods From Jan.2015 to Dec.2016,9 648 cases with acute lower respiratory tract infection in xijing hospital were given serum test of the antibody of Mycoplasma pneumoniae by ELISA.Results A total of 9 648 cases with lower respiratory tract infection in children in xijing hospital received MP antibody detection,the positive cases were 2 971,the total positive rate was 30.79 ％.MP-IgM antibody positive rates between different age groups had significant differences,in which infants' group has the lowest(7.00 ％),and with the age growing,the positive rate increased.The positive rates in different age groups of toddler,preschool age,and school age were 27.29 ％,36.10 ％ and 37.76 ％ respec tively.The positive rates of MP-IgM antibody in different quarter were different.The highest antibody positive rate was found in the first quarter (January-March),followed by the fourth quarter,the third quarter and the second quarter.The difference was statistically significant (P＜0.01).Conclusion There was MP infection prevalence in Xi'an from 2015 to 2016.The positive rate in children increased with the age,the peak of infection was in the first quarter,so the detection and prevention of MP should be strengthened at that time of the year.

This paper performs some explorations of the objective of talent-cultivation in 8-year-system medical education,and gives some advices of the objective of talent-cultivation in 8-year-system of Southern Medical University.

Objective:To investigate the effect of white noise reduction earplugs combined with eye mask on the sleep quality of ICU patients.Methods:A total of 136 patients who were hospitalized in the ICU ward of the Second People′s Hospital of Liaocheng from April to November 2019 were selected and divided into 3 groups according to the random number table method. Group 1 (3M earplug + eye mask, 45 cases), group 2 (white noise reduction earplug + eye mask, 46 cases), and group 3 (control group, 45 cases). On the first night after enrollment, all patients were given routine care only. On the second and third nights, group 1 was given 3M ear plugs and eye masks, group 2 was given white noise reduction earplugs and eye masks, and group 3 was given routine care only. On the morning of the second and fourth day, patients′ baseline Richards Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores were assessed.Results:After the intervention, the sleep depth, sleep latency, wake at night, return to sleep, sleep quality, nocturnal subjective noise perception and total score in RCSQ in group 1 were (55.98 ± 19.65), (57.66 ± 19.56), (55.68 ± 16.25), (58.17 ± 11.32), (60.54 ± 16.33), (60.65 ± 12.58), (57.60 ± 17.21) respectively, in group 2 were (56.65 ± 18.36),(61.33 ± 20.33), (65.35 ± 23.22), (60.36 ± 19.35), (63.78 ± 20.36), (66.56 ± 10.21) and (61.49 ± 17.52), in group 3 were (45.96 ± 17.79), (48.36 ± 13.65), (48.21 ± 13.49), (51.36 ± 13.65), (51.33 ± 16.45), (43.06 ± 17.15) and (49.04 ± 15.32). There were statistically significant differences in each dimension and its total scores among the three groups (F values were 4.33-8.35, all P<0.05). Compared with group 3, each dimension and total scores of groups 1 and group 2 were higher than those of group 3, and the differences were statistically significant (t values were 2.37-7.96, all P<0.05). After the intervention, the SAS score of group 2 was (43.32 ± 21.68), which was lower than that of group 1 (57.75 ± 22.68) and group 3 (60.65 ± 19.88), and the difference were statistically significant (t=3.09, 3.99, both P<0.05).Conclusions:3M earplugs or white noise reduction earplugs combined with eye masks can effectively improve the sleep quality of ICU patients, and white noise reduction earplugs combined with eye masks can also relieve the anxiety of patients.

In May 2019, a patient who suffered with multiple foot metatarsus injury with soft tissues defect was treated in the Hand and Foot Microsurgery of Xi'an Fengcheng Hospital, by using chimeric peroneal artery for phase-1 reconstruction of metatarsus with folded fibular flap, foot cross arch and soft tissue defects. After 2 years, the arch of foot as intact without collapse. There was no arthritic lesions. The height, arc and width of metatarsus were very close to the healthy side. The flap and plantar were smooth without abrasion and ulceration. The patient could walk, run and stand with single-foot stand, and able to carry out heavy physical work continuously.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of radioactive 125I seeds on the growth and apoptosis of human lung adenocarcinoma cells A 549 in nude mice.Methods Human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were cultured in vitro and subcutaneously transplanted in BALA/c nude mice.When the tumor size reached(300 ±50)mm3,40 tumor-bearing mice were divided into 4 groups by the random number table method as 0,0.6,0.8 mCi(1 Ci＝3.7×1010Bq)groups and blank control group,with 10 in each group.The 125I seeds of 0,0.6,and 0.8 mCi were implanted into the transplanted tumors in nude mouse,respectively.The blank control group received no treatment.The weight of nude mice was measured regularly every 4 days.The mice were sacrificed on the 32 days after 125I seeds implication.The transplanted tumors were weighed and the weight gain curve for nude mice was plotted.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of the tumor tissue.Cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay,and the expressions of the P21,Caspase-9,Survivin and Livin proteins were detected by immunohistochemical assay.Results There was no nude mice dead in each group.On the day 28 and 32 after 125I seeds treatment,the body weights of nude mice of 0.6 and 0.8 mCi groups became lighter than those of the blank control group(q＝4.26,9.19,4.11,11.59,P＜0.05),the tumor weights of the 0.6 and 0.8 mCi groups were significantly decreased(q＝5.021,5.692,P＜0.05)with tumor inhibition rates of about 49％and 62％.In the 0.6 and 0.8 mCi groups,a large number of tumor cells degenerated to be necrotic cells.In addition,the apoptotic indexes were(50.00 ±2.58)％and(62.33 ± 4.51)％in the 0.6 and 0.8 mCi groups,respectively,and higher than that of blank control group(27.00 ±4.69)％.The expressions of P21 and Caspase-9 proteins in the 0.6 and 0.8 mCi groups were significantly higher than that in the blank control group(χ2＝11.380,24.310,11.380,20.376,P＜0.05).The expressions of Survivin and Livin proteins in the 0.6 and 0.8 mCi groups was significantly lower than that in the blank control group(χ2＝9.643,23.254,15.429,26.667,P＜0.05).Conclusions Radioactive 125I seeds can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and promote the apoptosis of A 549 cells probably by up-regulating the expressions of P21 and Caspase-9 but down-regulating the expressions of Survivin and Livin.