Objective:To understand the application status of rectal drip therapy, so as to make recommendations for its rational application.Methods:In order to analyze the actual situation of rectal drip therapy and the cognition status of the safety, absorption degree and convenience of rectal drip therapy, a questionnaire survey was conducted from 947 different medical institutions in 22 provinces, 4 direct-controlled municipalities and 4 autonomous regions from July 4 to July 15, 2019.Results:(1) A total of 1 505 valid questionnaires were collected from 947 medical institutions in China, 95 medical institutions indicated that 156 drugs were administered by rectal drip, including 35 drugs in tertiary medical institutions, 50 drugs in secondary medical institutions, 67 drugs in primary medical institutions, and 4 drugs in profit medical institutions.(2) The proportion of oral preparations that was used in rectal drip, and in tertiary and secondary medical institutions were 68.57%(24 cases) and 62.00%(31 cases), respectively, both of which was higher than that proportion in primary medical institutions (13 cases, 19.40%). The proportion of injections in primary medical institutions was 80.60%(54 cases) that was higher than that of tertiary medical institutions (11 cases, 31.43%) and secon-dary medical institutions (19 cases, 38.00%), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.001). (3) The proportion of digestive system medication rectal dripping in tertiary medical institutions (13 cases, 37.14%) and secondary medical institutions (20 cases, 38.46%) was higher than that in primary medical institutions (3 cases, 4.41%), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). The proportion of rectal dripping of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) injections in primary medical institutions (47 cases, 69.12%) was higher than that in tertiary medical institutions (1 cases, 2.86%) and secondary medical institutions (0, 0), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). (4) Among the results of 1 505 questionnaires, 18.61%(280 questionnaire) of doctors thought that rectal drip therapy was safe, 39.34%(592 questionnaire) agreed it was easy to absorb, and 37.34%(562 questionnaire) hold the view that it was convenient.(5) The number of questionnaires in the two groups of used (group A) and not used (group B) was 100 and 1 405, respectively.The cognitive differences in the safety, absorption degree and convenience of rectal drip therapy between the two groups were statistically significant (all P<0.001). Conclusion:There are various drugs used in rectal drip therapy, so it should be strengthened in the management and standardized in pediatrics.