Plant polyphenols are a group of naturally occurring phytochemicals which are present in high amounts in plants and are the most abundant dietary antioxidants. Epidemiological and animal model researches have indicated that polyphenols can improve cognitive function. The mechanism for polyphenols to improve cognitive function has been extensively studied and may be owing to antioxidant, anti-imflammatory, neuroprotective, cerebrovascular blood flow increasing activities, and etc. Nowadays, the plant polyphenols and its benefits to cognitive function have become a hot research topic. In this article, we reviewed the latest progress from the structure and origin of phenolic compound, as well as its effect and action mechanism on cognitive function.

Objective To investigate the symptoms, signs and distribution of focus in acute insular infarct syndrome, as well as the effects on cardiovascular system. Methods The clinical manifestations of 20 patients with first-event acute insular infarct syndrome were analyzed retrospectively. Results All the patients revealed the intellectual deterioration, aphasia, hemiparalysis, sensory disorder and vestibular-like symptoms. The temporal lobes were mostly involved (65%). Electrocardiogram showed ST segment depressed mostly. The supraventricular premature beats were the most frequence finding by Holter monitoring in left insular infarction except atrial fibrillation, and their heart rate variability indicated that the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) decreased, but root mean square successive difference (RMSSD) increased. Conclusion The insular infarct syndrome can be charactered as a group of symptoms of intellectual deterioration, aphasia, hemiparalysis, sensory disorder and vestibular-like symptom. Left insular infarct could be complicated with arrhythmia, which increases the risk of adverse cardiac outcome. The characteristics of arteries to Sylvian angle may be associated with the syndrome.

Objective To analyze the blood flow velocities in middle cerebral artery with Rasmussen encephalitis. Methods8 patients with Rasmussen encephalitis were detected bilateral middle cerebral artery in both period of onset and intermission during simple partial seizures with Transcranial Doppler. ResultsThe mean velocity variance between focus side and non-focus side was minimums among the 3 indexes observed. The mean velocity of MCA displayed uneven increase during seizures. ConclusionThe mean velocity was the most stable index for judging.

ObjectiveTo discuss clinical significance of changes in cerebral blood flow velocities with Rasmussen encephalitis. Methods8 cases diagnosed as Rasmussen encephalitis were measured the blood flow velocities in middle cerebral artery (MCA) with transcranial Doppler in ictal and interictal seizures. ResultsIctal mean flow velocity in the ipsilateral MCA to the epileptogenic foci increased 14.02%～48.14% to interictal one, while it was -0.74%～22.63% in the contralateral MCA. ConclusionAn increased flow velocity has been found in the ipsilateral MCA to the epileptogenic foci during seizure in Rasmussen encephalitis patients.

Ricin is a highly toxic type 2 ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) which is extracted from the seeds of castor beans. Ricin is considered a potential bioterror agent and no effective antidote for ricin exists so far. In this study, by structural modification of a retrograde transport blocker Retro-2, a series of novel compounds were obtained. The primary screen revealed that compound has an improved anti-ricin activity compare to positive control. pre-exposure evaluation in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells demonstrated that is a powerful anti-ricin compound with an EC of 41.05 nmol/L against one LC (lethal concentration, 5.56 ng/mL) of ricin. Further studies surprisingly indicated that confers post-exposure activity against ricin intoxication. An study showed that 1 h post-exposure administration of can improve the survival rate as well as delay the death of ricin-intoxicated mice. A drug combination of with monoclonal antibody mAb4C13 rescued mice from one LD (lethal dose) ricin challenge and the survival rate of tested animals is 100%. These results represent, for the first time, indication that small molecule retrograde transport blocker confers both and post-exposure protection against ricin and therefore provides a promising candidate for the development of anti-ricin medicines.

SARS-CoV-2 has caused tens of thousands of infections and more than one thousand deaths. There are currently no registered therapies for treating coronavirus infections. Because of time consuming process of new drug development, drug repositioning may be the only solution to the epidemic of sudden infectious diseases. We systematically analyzed all the proteins encoded by SARS-CoV-2 genes, compared them with proteins from other coronaviruses, predicted their structures, and built 19 structures that could be done by homology modeling. By performing target-based virtual ligand screening, a total of 21 targets (including two human targets) were screened against compound libraries including ZINC drug database and our own database of natural products. Structure and screening results of important targets such as 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), Spike, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and papain like protease (PLpro) were discussed in detail. In addition, a database of 78 commonly used anti-viral drugs including those currently on the market and undergoing clinical trials for SARS-CoV-2 was constructed. Possible targets of these compounds and potential drugs acting on a certain target were predicted. This study will provide new lead compounds and targets for further and studies of SARS-CoV-2, new insights for those drugs currently ongoing clinical studies, and also possible new strategies for drug repositioning to treat SARS-CoV-2 infections.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with emergency in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in Kashgar, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and the factors affecting the success rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. METHODS: Retrospectively selected patients who had cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the emergency department of the People's Hospital of 6 counties and cities in Kashgar area from January 2019 to January 2022. The clinical data of all patients were collected, including gender, age, major underlying diseases, the beginning and duration of resuscitation, the number of electric defibrillation acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II). According to whether the resuscitation was successful, all patients were divided into successful resuscitation group and failed resuscitation group. The clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared. Then, the influencing factors of the success rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in IHCA patients were analyzed by binary Logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 1 376 patients were enrolled, including 1 117 cases of failed resuscitation and 259 cases of successful resuscitation. The success rate of resuscitation was 18.82%. Compared with the resuscitation failure group, the patients in the successful resuscitation group were younger (age: 49.10±20.99 vs. 58.44±18.32), the resuscitation start time was earlier [resuscitation start time ≤ 5 minutes: 76.45% (198/259) vs. 66.61% (744/1 117)], the proportion of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was lower [cardiovascular disease: 49.42% (128/259) vs. 58.19% (650/1 117), cerebrovascular disease: 17.37% (45/259) vs. 21.58% (241/1 117)], the number of electric defibrillation was lower [times: 0 (0, 2) vs. 1 (0, 1)], the proportion of endotracheal intubation was more [80.31% (208/259) vs. 55.60% (621/1 117)], APACHE II score was lower (13.75±8.03 vs. 17.90±4.63), and the difference was statistically significant (all P < 0.01). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that age, start time of resuscitation, ventilation mode and APACHE II score were protective factors affecting the success rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in patients with emergency IHCA [age: odds ratio (OR) = 0.982, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 0.973-0.991, P < 0.001; resuscitation start time ≤ 5 minutes: OR = 0.629, 95%CI was 0.409-0.966, P = 0.034; tracheal intubation assisted ventilation: OR = 0.243, 95%CI was 0.149-0.397, P < 0.001; low APACHE II score: OR = 0.871, 95%CI was 0.836-0.907, P < 0.001], while underlying diseases (cardiovascular diseases) are a risk factor affecting the success rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OR = 1.190, 95%CI was 1.015-1.395, P = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS Age, resuscitation start time, ventilation mode, APACHE II score and major underlying diseases (cardiovascular diseases) have a greater impact on the success rate of resuscitation in IHCA patients. The above factors are conducive to improving or formulating more effective rescue strategies for IHCA patients, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the success rate of clinical treatment.
Humans ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Heart Arrest/therapy* ; Electric Countershock ; Hospitals