Coronary stents are playing an effective way of curing cardiovascular diseases while a major drawback of restenosis is in general still present. Restenosis is resulting from neointimal hyperplasia and thrombosis which induced by the vascular lesion, hemodynamic modification and the reduction or oscillation of wall shear stress (WSS). The crucial factors that would determine the restenosis were reviewed in this paper, including the material bio-compatibilities, surface treatments, stent configuration designs and hemodynamics analyses. In particular, the hemodynamics after stents implantation based on in vivo, in vitro or Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods was discussed. A novel CFD and experimental approach of dynamics in the stent-vascular coupling system was proposed.
Biocompatible Materials ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis ; Coronary Restenosis ; prevention & control ; Equipment Design ; Hemodynamics ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Shear Strength ; Stents

Objective To investigate the characteristics of cognitive function and mental behavior symp-toms in patients with Parkinson′s disease dementia(PDD)and dementia with lewy body(DLB).Methods Forty-eight patients with DLB and 38 with PDD were collected in Tianjin Huanhu Hospital and Tianjin Jianhua Hospital. All patients were assessed on cognitive function and mental behavior symptoms using Montreal Cognitive Assess-ment Scale,Mini-Mental State Examination,Hamilton Depression Scale,Hamilton Anxiety Scale and The Neuro-psychiatric Inventory Questionnaire.The Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale-Part 3(UPDRSⅢ)and modified Hoehn Yahr staging were used to assess the severity of motor symptoms in patients. Results Scores of UPDRSⅢ,posture and gait disorder were higher in DLB group than those in PDD group but the score of tremor was lower in DLB group than that in PDD group. The proportions of non tremor onset and bilateral onset were also lower in DLB group than those in PDD group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Cognitive func-tion impairment was more serious in DLB group than that in PDD group in all cognitive fields including execution, attention,visual space,orientation and the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05). Hallucinations (81.3%)and irritability/emotional instability(62.5%)were more common in DLB group but apathy(76.9%),de-pression(73.7%)and anxiety(73.7%)were more common in PDD group. Conclusions Cognitive impairment is more progressive in DLB patients than that in PDD patients.Hallucinations and irritability/emotional instability are more common in DLB group but apathy,depression and anxiety are more common in PDD group.

Objective To determine the prevalence of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG) and the distribution of blaTEM-135 gene variants in PPNG at several gonococcal antimicrobial surveillance sites in China, to compare N. gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing(NG-MAST)types of PPNG and its blaTEM-135 gene variants, and to assess the difference and association in NG-MAST types of blaTEM-135 gene variants among different regions. Methods A total of 572 N. gonorrhoeae isolates were collected at 6 gonococcal antimicrobial surveillance sites from Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Tianjin, Guangdong and Guangxi in 2012. After isolation, purification, and identification, cefalotin paper discs were used for detection of PPNG. DNA was extracted by QIAxtractor DX kits after cultivation of the PPNG strains. Then, mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA) PCR was performed to identify blaTEM-135 variants, and NG-MAST analysis to determine N. gonorrhoeae genotypes. Results Among the 572 N. gonorrhoeae strains, 38.1%(218/572) were identified as PPNG, and of the PPNG strains, 52.3% (114/218) were blaTEM-135 variants. The detection rate of PPNG at these surveillance sites from high to low was as follows: 51.7% (45/87, Zhejiang), 45.6%(36/79, Shanghai), 38.0% (78/205, Guangdong), 37.5% (12/32, Guangxi), 31.2% (24/77, Jiangsu) and 25.0%(23/92, Tianjin), and that of blaTEM-135 variants was as follows: 68.9%(31/45, Zhejiang), 58.3%(14/24, Jiangsu), 50.0%(39/78, Guangdong), 47.2%(17/36, Shanghai), 39.1%(9/23, Tianjin)and 33.3%(4/12, Guangxi). NG-MAST analysis showed that the ST2318, ST1768, ST1866, ST1053 and ST8726 types predominated among these bla TEM-135 variants, and a strong correlation was found between blaTEM-135 variants and some NG-MAST types, such as ST1768, ST1053 and ST8726 types. The distribution of NG-MAST types was significantly different between the surveillance site in Tianjin (in the Northern part of China) and the other sites (in the Southern part of China), but highly similar among the surveillance sites in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai regions. Conclusions There is a high prevalence of PPNG and its blaTEM-135 variants at several gonococcal antimicrobial surveillance sites in China, with significant differences in NG-MAST genotype distribution of PPNG and its blaTEM-135 variants among different regions.