Objective: To explore the interaction between school bullying and insomnia in relation to depression-anxiety-stress emotions among primary and secondary school students,so as to provide a basis for preventing negative emotional states in adolescents. Methods: In October 2024, a stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 3 058 students in grade 5-6 of primary, junior and senior high school in Sheyang County of Jiangsu Province. The Delaware Bullying Victimization Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale-21, and Study Condition Questionnaire were employed to investigate school bullying, insomnia, depression-anxiety-stress emotions, and academic performance. The χ 2 test and Logistic regression were used to analyze the association between school bullying and insomnia interactions and depression-anxiety-stress emotions among primary and secondary school students, multiplicative interaction analysis was conducted, and additive interaction analysis was performed using R software. Results: The detection rates of depression-anxiety-stress emotions among primary and secondary school students were 21.6%, 28.4% and 10.8%, respectively. The detection rates of physical bullying, relationship bullying, verbal bullying and cyberbullying in school bullying were 10.6%, 14.0%, 22.3%, and 6.2%, respectively. The detection rate for insomnia was 23.1%. Results from Logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for relevant factors, physical, relational, verbal, and cyberbullying and insomnia were positively correlated with the detection rates of depression ( OR = 5.72- 10.93), anxiety ( OR =6.35-12.17), and stress emotions ( OR =5.97-14.52) among primary and secondary school students (all P <0.01). The multiplicative interaction between physical, relational, verbal, and cyberbullying and insomnia was positively correlated with the detection rates of depression ( OR =8.00-18.01), anxiety ( OR =11.35-17.76), and stress emotions ( OR =7.64-9.12) in primary and secondary school students (all P <0.01). Additive interactions were observed between physical, relational, verbal, and cyberbullying and insomnia in relation to the detection rates of depression, anxiety, and stress emotions among primary and secondary school students (both RERI and AP >0 and the credible interval excluded 0, SI >1 and the credible interval excluded 1). Conclusion School bullying and insomnia are associated with depression, anxiety, and stress emotions among primary and secondary school students, and they exhibit both multiplicative and additive interactions.

Purpose/Significance To strengthen the construction of intelligent primary health information systems,and to provide ref-erences for improving the level of primary health services.Method/Process The paper systematically summarizes the current construction of primary health information systems at home and abroad,focuses on analyzing the current technical architectures and intelligent applica-tions of the existing systems,and puts forward improvement suggestions for the shortcomings in the construction mode,data connectivity and intelligent application.Result/Conclusion Countermeasures such as strengthening top-level design,promoting multi-source heter-ogeneous data fusion and strengthening intelligent applications are proposed to provide references for the construction of intelligent primary health information systems.

Objective:To reveal the effect of β-sitosterol on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) in rats and whether its mechanism is related to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS).Methods:Fifty-three CIRI rats (CIRI models established by modified Longa method) were randomly divided into model group ( n=14), β-sitosterol low-dose group ( n=13), β-sitosterol medium-dose group ( n=13) and β-sitosterol high-dose group ( n=13); 12 rats underwent the same operation without blocking the middle cerebral artery were selected as sham-operated group. Rats in the sham-operated group and model group were given intragastric administration of 1 mL 5 g/L sodium carboxymethyl cellulose daily. Rats in the β-sitosterol low-dose group, β-sitosterol medium-dose group and β-sitosterol high-dose group were given intragastric administration of 1 mL β-sitosterol at 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg/d (dissolved in 5 g/L sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), respectively, for 14 consecutive d. Neurological function was evaluated according to Zea Longa 5 method. Rats were sacrificed and brain tissues were collected. Volume of cerebral infarction was measured by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Brain injury and neuronal apoptosis were evaluated by HE staining, Nissl staining and TUNEL. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were detected by water-soluble tetrazolium 1 (WST-1) method, colorimetric method or thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE-1), activated transcription factor-6 (ATF-6), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and Caspase-12 in the brain tissues were detected by qRT-PCR or Western blotting. Results:Compared with the sham-operated group, the model group had significantly increased neurological function score, cerebral infarction volume and TUNEL positive rate, decreased SOD and GSH-Px content, increased MDA content, and increased mRNA and protein expressions of PERK, IRE-1, ATF-6, GRP78, CHOP and Caspase-12 ( P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the β-sitosterol low-dose group, β-sitosterol medium-dose group and β-sitosterol high-dose group had significantly decreased neurological function score, cerebral infarction volume, and TUNEL positive rate, increased SOD and GSH-Px content, and decreased MDA content ( P<0.05); the β-sitosterol low-dose group, β-sitosterol medium-dose group and β-sitosterol high-dose group had significantly decreased mRNA and protein PERK expressions (mRNA: 2.17±0.17, 1.79±0.07 and 1.33±0.07; protein: 5.11±0.52, 2.91±0.26 and 1.98±0.17), IRE-1 expressions (mRNA: 1.75±0.18, 1.65±0.08 and 1.32±0.08; protein: 5.00±0.31, 4.05±0.27 and 1.98±0.14), ATF-6 expressions (mRNA: 2.24±0.12, 1.77±0.14 and 1.37±0.13; protein: 4.93±0.45, 4.04±0.30 and 3.10±0.20), GRP78 expressions (mRNA: 2.67±0.16, 2.11±0.16 and 1.69±0.11; protein: 5.02±0.38, 2.97±0.26 and 2.05±0.22), CHOP expressions (mRNA: 2.01±0.16, 1.70±0.19 and 1.40±0.10; protein: 4.92±0.39, 4.02±0.27 and 3.08±0.22) and Caspase-12 expressions (mRNA: 1.85±0.09, 1.61±0.09 and 1.30±0.09; protein: 3.03±0.20, 2.19±0.11 and 1.82±0.11) compared with the model group (mRNA: 2.99±0.28, 2.27±0.12, 2.57±0.21, 3.46±0.20, 2.50±0.23 and 2.35±0.16; protein: 6.98±0.48, 6.03±0.58, 5.98±0.63, 7.10±0.45, 6.00±0.53 and 5.02±0.43, P<0.05). Conclusion:β-sitosterol attenuates CIRI in rats, whose mechanism may be related to inhibition of ERS signal pathway.

Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has certain advantages in the treatment of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder （CKD-MBD）. In recent years， there have been many studies on the treatment of CKD-MBD by Chinese medicinal compounds and monomers. As revealed by literature retrieval， the research on the mechanism of Chinese medicine in intervening in signaling pathways related to CKD-MBD was mainly based on self-made Chinese medicinal compounds， and the action pathways involved fibroblast growth factor 23/Klotho （FGF23/Klotho） signaling pathway， Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway， receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand/osteoprotegerin （RANK/RANKL/OPG） system， and other signaling pathways. TCM can improve calcium and phosphorus metabolism and bone metabolism disorder， and regulate inflammatory reaction， oxidative stress， apoptosis， and autophagy by regulating this series of signaling pathways for the treatment of CKD-MBD. This paper introduced the research results of these signaling pathways and the mechanism of TCM in the treatment of CKD-MBD in order to provide ideas and references for the related research of Chinese medicine in the treatment of CKD-MBD.

For decades, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that govern tooth development have been extensively investigated. However, most of the studies are based on mice, whose teeth are quite different from human teeth in morphological and developmental aspects. Mice are not the ideal model for understanding the development of permanent teeth as they have only one set of dentition. Thus, using of diphyodont mammals is a better model to study the deciduous and permanent tooth development and to understand the process of tooth replacement. Several diphyodont mammal models have been established including minipig, ferret, house shrew and rabbit. Studies based on the diphyodont mammals have characterized the morphological changes involved in tooth replacement and molecular mechanisms of tooth replacement. However, few developmental stages were studied on ferret due to the presence of seasonal estrus and the difficulty to obtain ferret embryos at the correct stage. The house shrew is limited as a model because their deciduous tooth germs become vestigial in the embryonic period. The main disadvantage of the rabbit is an incomplete dentition with the lack of canines. Compared to the above mentioned animal models, the miniature pig has proven to be a valuable animal model for diphyodont development due to its dentition similarities, including the morphology, number and size of teeth, to human′s, and particularly its heterodont dentition consisting of incisors, canines, premolars and molars. The present article reviews the current knowledge on the development of the primary and successional teeth in minipig modle and briefly summarizes the studies based on other diphyodont mammal models.

Objective:To investigate the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis.Methods:The clinic data of 28 cases with squamous cell carcinoma of renal pelvis confirmed by pathologic examination treated during June 2007 and September 2019 was retrospectively analyzed. There were 19 male and 9 female patients, with a median age of 56 years. Hematuria was present in 18 cases, flank pain was present in 11 cases, and abdominal mass was present in 1 case. All 28 cases accepted CT or MRI examination. Renal pelvis or renal tumors were found in 26 cases, and severe hydronephrosis was observed in 2 cases. 2 cases underwent PET/CT, and bone metastasis was found in 1 case. Preoperative diagnoses were renal pelvic tumor in 13 cases, renal tumor in 13 cases and renal abscess in 2 cases. Coexisting renal calculi or renal pelvic calculus was detected in 19 cases. All 28 cases underwent surgical excision, including radical nephroureterectomy in 13 cases, radical nephrectomy in 12 cases, palliative resection in 1 case, and pyonephrenectomy in 2 cases. Enlarged lymph nodes were found in 9 cases during the surgery, and local lymph node dissection was performed in these cases.Results:The mean diameter of the tumors was 8.5 cm. Histopathological examination revealed that 9 cases were well differentiated, 11 cases were moderately differentiated, and 8 case was poorly differentiated. 1 case had pT 2 stage, 15 cases had pT 3 stage and 12 cases had pT 4 stage. 9 cases had lymph node metastasis. 5 cases had renal vein thrombosis. Immunohistochemistry staining exhibited consistent characteristics including CK5(+ ), 34βE12(+ ), p63(+ ), CK20(-) and GATA3(-). Postoperatively, 12 cases received adjuvant therapy including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and/or immunotherapy. Within a median follow-up of 6.0 months (ranging 1-80 months), median overall survival was 10.0 months. 15 cases died of tumor progression. Conclusion:Squamous cell carcinoma is a rare and highly aggressive neoplasm, typically associated with long-lasting renal calculi, hydronephrosis and chronic inflammation. The diagnosis should be established on pathologic examination.CK5, 34βE12 and p63 positivity contribute to the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma. Surgery is the foremost choice of treatment, but the risk of recurrence and metastasis is high. The prognosis is extremely poor as the majority of patients are diagnosed with advanced stages.

Objective:To study the pathological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of primary adenocarcinoma of renal pelvis and ureter.Methods:The clinical pathological characteristics, treatment and prognosis of 5 patients with adenocarcinoma of upper urinary tract treated between January 2007 and May 2019 was retrospectively reviewed. There were 4 male and 1 female patients, with a median age of 60 years. The major symptoms were hematuria in 5 cases and low back pain in 4 cases. All cases underwent B-ultrasound and CT examination, and 4 cases accepted cystoscopy. Preoperative diagnoses were ureter tumor in 2 cases, renal pelvis tumor in 1 case, renal tumor in 1 case and renal calculus in 1 case.Results:5 cases were treated with surgery. Radical nephroureterectomy was performed in 3 cases, and nephrectomy in one case. 1 case underwent first-stage percutaneous nephrolithotomy and second-stage radical nephroureterectomy due to the discovery of tumor. 1 case was treated with radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor postoperatively. The mean diameter of the tumors was 4.4 cm. There were 3 renal pelvis adenocarcinomas and 2 ureter adenocarcinomas confirmed by pathologic examination, including 3 cases of pT 3 stage and 1 case of pT 4 stage. Lymph node metastasis was found in 2 cases. Immunohistochemistry revealed that CDX2(+ ), p63(-), GATA3(-), β-catenin(-)were the common features of five cases. The median survival was 12 months with a median follow-up of 6 months. 2 cases died of tumor progression within 1 year. Conclusions:Adenocarcinoma is an extremely rare malignancy, typically associated with long-standing calculi and chronic inflammation. Given the fact that clinical and imaging findings are nonspecific, the diagnosis is based on pathologic examination, supported by glandular structure of histology. Immunohistochemical staining exhibited CDX2 and CK20 positivity and β-catenin negativity, moreover, GATA3, p63 and CK7 was usually negative or partially positive. Surgery is the foremost choice of treatment. The prognosis is correlated with subtypes, whereas the overall prognosis is poor due to high rates of recurrence and metastasis.

A multiplex PCR method was developed to detect the main pathogens of Qinghai Tibetan sheep endometritis. First, the genomes of five standard bacterial strains were extracted and specific primers were selected; the multiplex PCR method was established by using the genome of the standard strain as a template. The samples were collected by sterile cotton swab from Tibetan sheep uterus, and then placed in LB medium and numbered. After 48 h, the genomes of cultured bacteria were extracted and detected by single PCR method, then the positive samples were recorded. The positive samples detected by single PCR were selected for multiplex PCR detection and recorded again. The coincidence rate between these two methods was calculated to measure the accuracy of multiplex PCR. In order to identify the species of the pathogen, 30 positive samples verified by single and multiplex PCR were randomly selected for bacterial isolation and identification. In the 600 samples, the infected ratio of Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) was 47.33%, Escherichia coli 34.83%, Staphylococcus aureus 6.5%, Salmonella and Trueperella pyogenes were negatively detected. Among the positive samples detected by multiplex PCR, the positive ratio of GBS was 45.50%, E. coli 33.50%, S. aureus 6.5%. Comparison of two detection results, Multiplex PCR detection coincidence rate is more than 95%. The isolated pathogens were identified as E. coli, GBS and S. aureus, which was consistent with the results of two methods. The multiplex PCR method was successfully established and the main pathogens of endometritis in Qinghai Tibetan sheep were GBS, E. coli and S. aureus.
Animals ; Bacteria ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Bacteriological Techniques ; methods ; Endometritis ; microbiology ; veterinary ; Female ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; standards ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; veterinary ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sheep ; Sheep Diseases ; microbiology ; Tibet

GGGGCC repeat expansions in the C9ORF72 gene are the most common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (c9ALS/FTD). It has been reported that hexanucleotide repeat expansions in C9ORF72 produce five dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins by an unconventional repeat-associated non-ATG (RAN) translation. Within the five DPR proteins, poly-PR and poly-GR that contain arginine are more toxic than the other DPRs (poly-GA, poly-GP, and poly-PA). Here, we demonstrated that poly-PR peptides transferred into cells by endocytosis in a clathrin-dependent manner, leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell death. In SH-SY5Y cells and primary cortical neurons, poly-PR activated JUN amino-terminal kinase (JNK) and increased the levels of p53 and Bax. The uptake of poly-PR peptides by cells was significantly inhibited by knockdown of clathrin or by chlorpromazine, an inhibitor that blocks clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Inhibition of clathrin-dependent endocytosis by chlorpromazine significantly blocked the transfer of poly-PR peptides into cells, and attenuated poly-PR-induced JNK activation and cell death. Our data revealed that the uptake of poly-PR undergoes clathrin-dependent endocytosis and blockade of this process prevents the toxic effects of synthetic poly-PR peptides.

The scientificalness of page quality assessment was improved by adding the page vote fraction and the user satisfaction with page according to the time perception-based PageRank Algorithm. The individualized retrieval was realized by adding the users-interested model that was matched with page types and by moving up the users-interested page rank.