Objective In this study,functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)is performed to visualize what type of brain activity correlates with writer's cramp.Methods Ten patients with writer's cramp and ten age-and gender-matched control subjects participated in this study.fMRI block design is used.Subjects were scanned while performing three visually instructive tasks with MR Vision 2000:(1)suppositional writing;(2)writing with finger;(3)writing with a pencil.Data were analyzed with Analysis of Functional Neuroimaging(AFNI)software for groups of patients versus controls.Results Compared with controls,patients with writer's cramp showed greater activation of contralateral basal ganglion(especially the putamen,864 activated voxels in patients versus 54 in controls),ipsilateral cerebellar hemisphere,and contralateral sensorimotor,supplementary motor,premoter,primary sensory cortex in the task of writing with a pencil.There is no obvious difference in the task of writing compared with finger writing.Furthermore,these differences existed in the subtractive activated maps for “writing with pencil” minus “writing with finger”,while the activation of subcortical area and insula in controls disappeared.Conclusion These results indicate that the dysfunction of basal ganglion and subcortical-cortical loop might play a pathophysiologic role in the writer's cramp.

Objective The influence of antiplatelet medications on prognosis after non -aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)is unknown.This study aimed to evaluate the risk of antiplatelet mdications in devel-oping SAH.Methods 420 patients who underwent catheter cerebral angiography after presenting with nontraumatic SAH were included.Outcomes were assessed by using the modified Rankin scale.Results A total of 420 patients underwent catheter angiography for evaluation of SAH.Of these,63 cases (15%)were angiogram -negative.The fraction of patients presenting with angiogram -negative SAH as well as the frequency of antiplatelet use among these patients significantly increased during the study period.Antiplatelet use was more commonly associated with angiogram-negative SAH(18 /63,28.6%)than with angiogram -positive SAH(39 /357,11%;P =0.001).At 14 days after presentation,poor outcome was significantly more frequent among patients who took antiplatelet agents (20 /63, 31.7%)than among those who did not(12 /63,20%;P =0.017).Conclusion Antiplatelet medication use is asso-ciated with poor early,but not late,outcomes after angiogram -negative SAH.More studies are needed to confirm this association.

This study firstly reviews the history and current situation of course construction, then combines closely with the objectives and the summary of current situation of the standardized residency training, and finally puts forward concrete countermeasures from the several angles, such as teaching objectives, teaching team development, teaching content and forms, as well as evaluation mechanism, advocating the promotion of problem-based learning (PBL), medical simulation teaching (MST), literature discussion and other teaching methods, encouraging the integration of humanities education and clinical guidelines into teaching, and adopting objective structured clinical examination + standardized patient (OSCE+SP) assessment method and conducting two-way assessment, so as to assist in the education development of the standardized residency training.

Objective To investigate the variation of multivoxel 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1 H-MRS)before and after continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP)treatment in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Methods Brain multivoxel 1 H-MRS examinations were performed in 25 cases of moderate or severe OSAHS patients before and after CPAP treat-ment,and 25 cases of healthy.The ratios of brain metabolites of the frontal lobe were recorded and analyzed respectively.To observe whether the lactate(Lac)peak appeared or not.Results In the frontal lobe,the NAA/Cr,NAA/Cho of the patients before treatment (2.021 2±0.231 2 and 1.608 8±0.257 1,respectively)was decreased compared with the healthy (2.726 8±0.607 1 and 2.445 6± 0.437 5).The NAA/Cr,NAA/Cho of the patients after treatment (2.314 0±0.312 8 and 2.01 6 4±0.424 0,respectively)was in-creased compared with the patients before treatment (2.021 2±0.231 2 and 1.608 8±0.257 1).The NAA/Cr,NAA/Cho of the pa-tients after treatment (2.314 0±0.312 8 and 2.01 6 4±0.424 0,respectively)was decreased compared with the healthy (2.726 8± 0.607 1 and 2.445 6±0.437 5),and the difierences were statistically significant (P <0.01).The Cho/Cr of the patients before treatment (1.293 2±0.261 5)was increased compared with the healthy (1.129 2±0.157 7),the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05).Lac peak was not detected in all.Conclusion Multivoxel 1 H-MRS can demonstrate sensitively the changes of brain metabolism in pa-tients with OSAHS before and after CPAP treatment,and may provide imaging evidence for clinical therapeutic effect and prognostic evaluation.

In traditional Chinese medicine,Lonicerae Japonicae Flos is commonly used as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,and antipyretic herbal medicine,and geo-authentic herbs are believed to present the highest quality among all samples from different regions.To discuss the current situation and trend of geo-authentic Lonicerae Japonicae Flos,we searched Chinese Biomedicine Literature Database,Chinese Journal Full-text Database,Chinese Scientific Journal Full-text Database,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,Wanfang,and PubMed.We investigated all studies up to November 2015 pertaining to quality assessment,discrimination,pharmacological effects,planting or processing,or ecological system of geo-authentic Lonicerae Japonicae Flos.Sixty-five studies mainly discussing about chemical fingerprint,component analysis,planting and processing,discrimination between varieties,ecological system,pharmacological effects,and safety were systematically reviewed.By analyzing these studies,we found that the key points of geo-authentic Lonicerae Japonicae Flos research were quality and application.Further studies should focus on improving the quality by selecting the more superior of all varieties and evaluating clinical effectiveness.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between violence exposure and depression in adolescents, and to explore possible moderating effects of emotional balance, so as to provide the evidence reference for understanding the status and characteristics of adolescents violence exposure. Methods: A total of 2 506 middle school students from three middle schools in Ganzhou selected by convenient cluster random sampling. Violence Exposure Scale(VES), Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D) and Emotional Balance Scale were used for questionnaire survey. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the scores of violence exposure among middle school students of different genders, grades, whether the only child or not, father educational level,mother s educational level and family types ( t/F =3.85, 21.14, 2.90, 7.62, 8.13 ,8.12, P < 0.01 ). There were statistically significant differences in the scores of depression among middle school students of different genders, grades and family types ( t/F =-7.05, 18.61,7.42, P <0.01 ). There were statistically significant differences in the scores of emotional balance among middle school students of different genders, grades, father s educational level and mother s educational level ( t/F =7.93, 9.22, 7.71 ,6.86, P <0.01 ) . Emotional balance was positively related to the depressive mood of middle school students ( r =0.34, P < 0.01 )，and emotional balance was negatively related to depression( r =-0.20, P <0.01). Emotional balance had the moderating effect on violence exposure and depression among middle school students ( t =-3.35, β =-0.02, P <0.01). Conclusion Violence exposure is related to depression of middle school students. Improving the emotional balance ability of adolescents can effectively reduce the negative effects of violent exposure on early adolescent depression, and reduce the incidence of adolescent depression.

Objective To investigate the effect of visceral fat area (VFA) on perioperative related indi-cators and short-term prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods Clinical data of 102 pa-tients who underwent laparoscopic radical surgery for CRC in the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College from September 2020 to August 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent preopera-tive abdominal CT examination,and the transverse CT images at the level of the third lumbar vertebra (L3) were selected.VFA was measured using Slice-O-Matic software,and patients were divided into the high VFA group (VFA≥100 cm2) and the low VFA group (VFA<100 cm2) based on the measurement results.Clinical data,patho-logical data,surgical data,postoperative complications,and perioperative coagulation and inflammation indicators were collected.Results Compared with the low VFA group,the high VFA group had higher BMI,longer hospital stay,greater intraoperative blood loss,and fewer lymph node dissections (P<0.05).The WBC and PCT lev-els before and after surgery in the high VFA group were higher than those in the low VFA group (P<0.05). Compared with preoperative levels,WBC,C-reactive protein (CRP),PCT,plasma prothrombin time (PT), plasma fibrinogen (FIB),and international standardized ratio (INR) increased and PLT decreased in both groups after surgery,the differences were statistically significance (P<0.05);Compared with preoperative conditions,the activated partial prothrombin time (APTT) in the high VFA group and the thrombin time (TT) decreased in the low VFA group decreased after surgery,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).The total incidence of postoperative complications (21.2％) and the incidence of incision compli-cations (15.4％) in the high VFA group were higher than that in the low VFA group (4.0％,2.0％),the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Colorectal cancer patients with high VFA during the perioperative period exhibit higher levels of inflammation indicators and poorer prognosis.

Objective To establish a method for the simultaneous content determination ofquercetin,kaempferol and pinocembrin in Penthorum Chinense Pursh.Methods The HPLC analysis was carried out on Alltima C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm) with a mixture of methanol-0.2％ phosphate (45:55) as the mobile phase.The determination wavelength was set at 270 nm with the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min.The column temperature was set at 30 ℃.Results The quercetin,kaempferol and pinocembrin showed good linearity in the range of 0.316-10.120 μg (r=0.999 9),0.012-0.397 μg (r=0.999 6) and 0.063-2.016 μg (r=0.999 8) respectively.The average recovery rates of quercetin,kaempferol and pinocembrin were 99.34％ (RSD=1.51％),99.76％ (RSD=l.96％) and 98.34％ (RSD=1.56％) respectively.Conclusions The method is accurate and sensitive,which can be used for the content determination of quercetin,kaempferol and pinocembrin in Penthorum Chinense Pursh.

OBJECTIVEThe paper aims to evaluate the risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in elderly Chinese population in Shenyang, a northeast city of China.

METHODSA case-control study was conducted to investigate the risk factors for the prevalence of AMD. Ninety three AMD patients diagnosed by a complete ophthalmic examination were recruited as cases from the outpatient departments of two eye hospitals in Shenyang, while 108 normal subjects of similar age and sex were recruited as controls. A questionnaire was administered among both cases and controls.

RESULTSAMD patients aged 60 years and older accounted for 75.3%. There were significantly higher educational levels, shorter smoking history, less sunlight exposure and cataract, and higher proportion of antioxidants intake in controls than in AMD patients. The frequency of intake of fruits, legumes, fish and shrimps was significantly higher in controls than in AMD patients. In a binary logistic regression analysis, smoking and cataract were the risk factors for AMD (OR: 4.44, 95% CI: 2.27-8.69; OR: 4.47, 95% CI: 2.26-8.85 respectively). The high educational background was a protective factor for AMD (OR: 0.761, 95% CI: 0.51-0.98).

CONCLUSIONA low educational background, smoking and cataract are associated with a higher prevalence of AMD.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antioxidants ; Case-Control Studies ; Cataract ; complications ; China ; epidemiology ; Dietary Supplements ; utilization ; Educational Status ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Macular Degeneration ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; Sunlight ; adverse effects

Objective To study the protein binding rates ofgardenioside,paeoniflorin and naringin in Weiyanling granules in bovine serum albumin,rat plasma and human plasma.Methods The equilibrium dialysis method was carried to determine the binding-rates of three components in Weiyanling granules in bovine serum albumin,rat plasma and human plasma.The HPLC method was used to determine the mass concentration of three components in weiyanling granules in inner and outer dialysis and to calculate the plasma protein-binding rates.Results The linear relationship,precision,extraction recovery and stability of gardenoside,paeoniflorin and naringin all conformed to the methodological requirements.Within the low,middle and high concentration (5.084,10.04 and 20.08 g/L) of Weiyanling granules,the protein-binding rates of gardenioside and bovine serum albumin were 23.77％ ± 13.39％,10.75％ ± 1.34％,5.82％ ± 6.53％,respectively;the protein-binding rates of paeoniflorin were 51.81％ ± 6.53％,30.12％ ± 6.61％,21.39％ ± 9.45％,respectively;the protein-binding rates of naringin were 70.21％ ± 3.31％,67.61％ ± 1.31％,56.00％ ± 3.46％,respectively;the protein-binding rates of gardenioside and rat plasma were 71.56％ ± 3.00 ％,43.56％ ± 12.22％,40.63％ ± 4.73％,respectively;the protein-binding rates ofpaeoniflorin and rat plasma were 55.72％ ± 1.60％,47.59％ ± 6.33％,40.07％ ± 0.72％,respectively;the protein-binding rates of naringin and rat plasma were 85.85％ ± 3.53％,85.38％ ± 0.99％,79.99％ ± 2.57％,respectively;the protein-binding rates of gardenioside and human plasma were 13.56％ ± 2.40％,3.02％ ± 2.41％,5.82％ ± 2.08％,respectively;the protein-binding rates of paeoniflorin and human plasma were 9.49％ ± 5.23％,5.01％ ± 1.10％,3.98％ ± 1.54％,respectively;the protein-binding rates of naringin and human plasma were 25.04％ ± 2.61％,26.09％ ± 13.82％,20.20％ ± 2.24％,respectively.Conclusions Within 5.084,10.04 and 20.08 g/L,the protein binding-rate of gardenioside,paeoniflorin and naringin were shown asfollow,rat plasma ＞bovine serum albumin ＞ human plasma.There were significant differences in species.