Objective To investigate the pathological and electro-physiological process of terminal sprouting after muscle injection of Botulinum toxin type A(BTXA) in rats. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a BTXA group and a control group. Five unit of BTXA was injected into the right gastrocnemius of the rats in BTXA group, instead of 0.9% saline in the control group. The morphologic axon analysis and SFEMG (mean consecutive difference and fiber density) were measured at 1,4,8,12 week after injection. Results The mean consecutive difference was prolonged in 1-4 week, and got better at 8 week, recovered at 12 week. It was revealed of the recovery of neuromuscular junction at 12 week after BTXA injection. The results of fiber density and morphologic axon analysis demonstrated terminal sprouting after injection of BTXA. Conclusion Motor nerve terminal sprouting could appear after BTXA injection and the function of neuromuscular junction could become recovered at 12 week.

Objective To evaluate the effect of non-linear blending function for dual-energy CT on image of pulmonary angiogra-phy.Methods 27 patients underwent dual energy CT pulmonary angiography(CTPA).Data obtained with 100 kVp,140kVp,and non-linear blending were divided into group A,B,and C respectively.CT value of emboli were measured.Corresponding signal to noise ratio(SNR )and contrast to noise ratio(CNR)were calculated.One-way Anova analysis and Friedman test were used to ana-lyze statistical significance among these values.Results On quantitative analysis of 27 patients,there was no statistical difference for CT value of CTPA among the three groups(P >0.05).For the noise,CNR and SNR,there were statistically significant among the three groups(P <0.05).Conclusion The non-linear blending function has certain advantages in improved image signal-to-noise ratio and it can be used in CT pulmonary angiography examination for patients suspected pulmonary embolism clinically .

Objective Previons studies showed that,the gene of P16 is a kind of gene suppressing the cancer.its function once lose,the cell may change to cancer.Methods The expression of P16 has a closely relation with the malignant latent and evolve of the oesophagus cancer.ResulIs This research explored the relation between the P16 expression and the prognosis of oesophagus cancer,the results showed the positive rate of the expression of P16 is more low the rate ofexistence is more low,it in dicates the expression rate of P16 can reflect the prognosis of oesophagus cancer cell.Conclusion The expression of P16 missing or descending is closely rehted with the aggravate and evolve of oesophagus cancer,therefore the expression of P16 had a relation with the prognosis of oesophagus cancer.

Objective To evaluate the value of united nerve electrophysiological tests in the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DNP).Methods The quantitative temperature threshold (QTT), including the cold sensation threshold (CST) , thermal sensation threshold (WST), cold pain threshold (CPT) and thermal pain threshold (HPT), sympathetic skin response (SSR) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) were measured for 85 diabetic patients.Results The abnormal rate of QTT was 84.71％ , significantly higher than that of SSR and NCV (56.47％ and 31.76％ respectively).However, no significant difference was found in the abnormal rate of QTT between the DPN asymptomatic group and DPN symptomatic group (78.85％ and 93.94％ respectively).There was significant difference in the abnormal rate of SSR (48.08％ and 69.70％ respectively) and the abnormal rate of NCV (19.23％ and 51.52％ respectively) between the above two groups(P ＜ 0.05).There was no difference in the abnormal rate of QTT for patients with short or long course of disease (77.77％ and 89.80％ respectively), but significant difference in the abnormal rate of SSR (44.44％ and 65.31％ respectively) and the abnormal rate of NCV (19.44％ and 40.82％ respectively) Conclusion The abnormal rate of QTT was highest in detecting the diabetic patients, and it is not related to clinical symptoms or disease course.However, the abnormal rates of SSR and NCV were related to clinical symptoms and course.It is more sensitive to diagnose DPN using united electrophysiological tests of QTT, SSR and NCV.

Objective To investigate the features of variation of sympathetic skin response(SSR)in depression patients and to clarify the correlation between SSR and the effect of antidepressant therapy in first episode depression.Methods The sample comprised 50 first visit patients,who fulfilled the ICD-10 criteria in a structured interview for depressive disorder.These 50 patients received antidepressant therapy for 6 weeks.Clinical response was defined as ≥50%reduction in total 17-item Hamilton depression rating scale(HAMD).Remission was defined as HAMD score ≤7 at week 6.SSR waveforms were classified into three patterns based on the amplitudes of positive and negative components:P pattern,N pattern and M pattern.Another 50 healthy subjects were involved in this study as controls.Results (1)SSR could be obtained in all normal subjects but couldn't be recorded in 5 of 50 patients whose HAMD scores>28.SSR waveforul patterns were analyzed in these 45 patients P pattern in 7 cases,N pattern 21,M pattern 17.(2)Depression patients had longer latency and lower amplitude than the controls(P<0.01).P pattern had shorter latency and higher amplitude than N pattern.There were no difference in age,course and HAMD scores among the patients with 3 different SSR patterns.(3)Nine of 21 patients of N pattern treated with fluoxetine were remitters.6 patients were clinical responders.These 15 patients had shorter latency and higher amplitude after treatment than that at the initial stage,but there were still differences in latency and amplitude compared with the controls.Conclusion There were significant damages on sympathetic function of depression patients.N pattern was the most SSR pattern among 45 patients recorded SSR.P pattern had shorter latency and higher amplitude than N pattern.SSR is a sensitive and feasible measure inder for neurocardiac electrophysiologic autonomic regulation examination,which could be used to measure clinical therapeutic efficacy for antideppressant in depression patients.

Objective To investigate the characteristic of MRS in patients suffered diffuse axonal injury (DAI)in acute and suba-cute stage,and the correlation between MRS changes and the severity of disease.Methods We reported MRI and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of 3 6 head-inj ured patients in acute and subacute stage.Proton magnetic resonance spectra were ac-quired from the white matter and gray matter of bibateral frontal lobe that on conventional MRI appeared normal by using 2D MRSI at 3.0T MRI .30 volunteers as contronl were studied at the same time.Results In patient group,N-acetylaspartate/creatine ratios were (2.14±0.15)and (1.71±0.08)choline/creatine ratios were(1.35±0.13)and (1.03±0.08)for the white matter and the gray matter,respectivily.The brain N-acetylaspartate/creatine ratio was reduced and the choline/creatine ratio was increased in pa-tient group compared with the controls.The increase in the choline/creatine ratio was significant even in the moderate and severe in-j ured groups.Furthermore,there was a significantly correlation between the severity of head inj ury and the N-acetylaspartate/cho-line ratio,and changes in patients with metabolite ratios of the GCS score had a strong correlation.Conclusion We conclude that DAI patients with normal conventional imaging manifestations of the frontal lobe appear metabolite ratio change,suggesting the existence of local cerebral inj ury,and it has a strong correlation between the prognosis and MRS changes.MRS may provide an useful method that can tell us the severity of the brain inj ury in patients with DAI .

Objective To determine whether the different pathological types of astrocytic tumours can be differentiated by diffusion tensor MR imaging. Methods In this study, diffusion tensor MR imaging was performed preoperatively in 67 patients with different pathological types of astrocytic tumours. Furthermore , T1WI, T2WI, FLAIR and T1WI enhancement scanning by GD-DTPA were performed preoperatively in all patients. The Mean diffusivity (ADC) values in the tumor parenchyma and normal white matter from different pathological types of astrocytic tumours were measured and analyzed. The ADC with the tumor parenchyma and normal white matter from the tumours were statistically analyzed by SPSS 19.0. The results were expressed as ± s and P < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant differences. Results There were many differences with ADC (< 10-9 mm2/s) in the tumor parenchyma between fibrillary astrocytoma (1.48 ± 0.12、0.72 ± 0.05) from fat cell astrocytoma (1.31 ± 0.07, 0.69 ± 0.03), There were also many differences with ADC ( < 10-9 mm2/s) in the tumor parenchyma between fibrillary and fat cell astrocytoma from anaplastic astrocytoma (1.06 ± 0.11, 0.71 ± 0.04) and giant cell glioblastoma (0.98 ± 0.09, 0.73 ± 0.04). There were not differences with ADC in the tumor parenchyma between anaplastic astrocytoma from giant cell gliobastona. Conclusion Measurement of tumor parenchyma′s ADC values can identify different pathological types of astrocytic tumours , but not between anaplastic astrocytoma and giant cell glioblastoma. DTI is essential to preoperative evalution of astrocytic tumours.

Objective To evaluate the changes of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) parameters with time in cerebral in farction patients,and contrast with diffusion tensor imaging (DWI).Methods DWI and DKI scans were performed in 95 patients of cerebral infarction.The patients were divided into five groups according to the time of cerebral infarction:Hyperacute phase (n=10),acute phase (n=12),early subacute phase (n =33),late subacute phase (n =20) and chronic phase (n =20).Parameters of DKI were obtained,and the parameters and percentage change of diffusion metrics from normal to ischemic tissue were compared.The evolution rule of parameter with time was analyzed.Results Mean kurtosis (MK),axial kurtosis (K//),radial kurtosis (K⊥) of DKI parameters increased after infarction,and reached the peak at acute phase,and decreased gradually with the prolonging of time.Mean diffusion (MD),axial diffusion (D//),radial diffusion (D⊥) of DTI parameters decreased after infarction,and reached the lowest at the acute phase,and increased gradually with the prolonging of time.The percentage change of MK,K//,K⊥ were higher than those of MD,D//,D⊥,and percent change along the axial direction were significantly larger than that along the radial direction.Conclusion DKI is superior to DTI in evaluating cerebral infarction,and can analyze the changes of microstructure of cerebral infarction comprehensively.

Objective To explore the imaging features of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms and their correlation with the pathology results.Methods The imaging data of 1 6 patients with histopathology proved appendiceal mucinous neoplasms were analyzed retrospectively including mucinous adenoma in 2,low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN)in 10,and appendiceal adenocarcinoma in 4. The imaging features were correlated with the result of pathology.Results Mucinous cystadenoma was usually a long oval or strip low density cystic structures with smooth capsule wall and well defined border.Mucinous adenocarcinoma usually presented as a irregular solid-cystic mass with ill-defined border and nodular or separation enhancement.The tumor often infiltrated adjacent bowels,and some of them were accompanied with pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP)and abdominal implantation metastasi.LAMN had low potential malignancy.The imaging features were between cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma.Most cases were similar to mucinous cystadenoma, and some were like to mucinous cystadenocarcinoma.Conclusion The appendiceal mucinous neoplasms have various imaging manifestations. Some cases show some CT and MRI characteristics,which are benefit to the diagnosis of these diseases.

Objective To investigate the value of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) based on ISHIM sequence in the grading of astrocytic tumor.Methods We collected excised tumors confirmed by histological diagnosis from 42 patients including high-grade astrocytic tumors (10 WHO grade Ⅲ,18 WHO grade Ⅳ),and 14 low-grade astrocytic tumors (1 WHO grade Ⅰ and 13 WHO grade Ⅱ).All patients underwent conventional MR imaging,ISHIM IVIM-DWI,and contrast-enhanced MR imaging.Parameters of tumor parenchyma region,peripheral edema regions and the contralateral normal brain white matter sites were measured,and the statistical analysis was conducted.Results The D value in tumor parenchyma region was significantly lower,but the D* and f values were higher in high-grade astrocytic tumor when compared with lowgrade one and all had statistical significance;in tumor peripheral edema region,D value was lower in high-grade astrocytic tumor than that in low-grade one,and the difference had statistical significance but there was no significant difference in terms of the D* and f values.There was no significant difference of the D,D* and f values in contralateral normal brain white matter sites in both high-and low-grade astrocytic tumor.Conclusion The D,D* and f values measured by ISHIM IVIM-DWI are helpful to the judgment of tumor grade and it has greatapplication value in the differential diagnosis of high-and low-grade astrocytic tumor.