Objective To study the expression of chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 and its receptor CXCR4 in gallbladder carcinoma and evaluate the relationship between the expression of SDF-1 and CXCR4 protein and the clinicopathology,and lymph node metastasis of gallbladder carcinoma.Methods The expression of SDF-1 and CXCR4 protein in 41 cases of gallbladder adenoma carcinoma was examined by immunohistochemical technique(SP),and the relation of SDF-1/CXCR4 biology axis to clinicopathological parameter was also analyzed.Results The positive expression rate of SDF-1 and CXCR4 in gallbladder carcinoma was 68.3%(28/41)and 51.2%(21/41)respectively,in normal gallbladder mucous was 5%(1/20)and 5%(1/20)respectively,in cholecystitis and gallstone was 6.7%(6/90)and 5.6%(5/90)respectively,and there is significantly different among the three groups in SDF-1 and CXCR4 expression values(P＜0.001,P＜0.001,respectively).There is significant difference among histological grade group,Nevin stage group,histological differentiation,lymph node or distal organ metastasis group in SDF-1 and CXCR4 expression value(P＜0.05,respectively).However,there is no significant difference among sex group,age group,tumor size group,and gallstone presence group in SDF-1 and CXCR4 expression value(P＞0.05,respectively).The expression of SDF-1 was positively correlated to CXCR4(r=0.68,P＜0.01).Conclusion Up-regulated SDF-1 and CXCR4 is associated with the carcinogenesis and metastasis of gallbladder carcinoma.

Objective Shh and Ptch have been known to play critical roles in the hedgehog pathway and the hedgehog pathway activation occurs in the gastrointestinal cancers. This study was to detect the expression of Shh and Ptch in gallbladder carcinoma, and explore their correlation to gallbladder carcinoma. Methods The expression of Shh and Patch protein in 41 specimens of primary gallbladder carcinoma, 20 specimens of normal gallbladder and 21 specimens of adenoma tissue were assessed by immunohistochemistry.Results The positive expression rate of Shh and Ptch in gallbladder carcinoma was 75.6% (31/41) and 78.0% (32/40) respectively, in normal gallbladder mucous was 5% ( 1/20 ) and 5% ( 1/20 ) respectively,in gallbladder adenoma was 4.7% ( 1/21 ) and 9.6% (2/21) respectively, and there was significant differenee between the three groups in Shh and Patch expression values(P ＜0.001 ). However, there was no significant difference between age group, histological grade group, histologic type group, Nevin stage group,lymph node or distal organ metastasis group, and gallstone presence group in Shh and Ptch expression value (P ＞ 0.05, respectively). The expression of Shh was positively correlated to Ptch (r = 0.72, P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion These data support our hypothesis that Hh signaling is dysregulated in human gallbladder carcinognesis.

Objective To analyze the CT staging and evaluate its role in assessing the resectability of the gallbladder carcinoma.Methods The CT scans of 47 patients who had pathologically confirmed gallbladder carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed and the CT stages of gallbladder carcinoma were used to evaluate the resectability.Results Before operation,three patients were in stage Ⅰ(6.4%,3/47),14stageⅡ(29.8%,14/47),10 stageⅢ(21.7%,3/47),20 stage Ⅳ(42.6%,20/47),however,after operation,three patients were in stage Ⅰ(6.4%,3/47),14 stageⅡ(29.8%,14/47),8 stage Ⅲ(17.0%%,8/47),22 stage Ⅳ(42.6%,20/47).The accurate rate of CT staging confirmed by operation was 91.5%(43/47).The treatment procedures of gallbladder carcinomas included radical operation,palliative excision and exploratory laparotomy.For 47 patients with gallbladder carcinomas,radical operation was performed in 30 cases(3 stage Ⅰ,14 stageⅡ,7 stage Ⅲ,6 stage Ⅳ),palliative excision 15 cases(1 stage Ⅲ,14 stage Ⅳ),exploratory laporatory 2 eases(2 stage Ⅳ).Conclusion The staging of gallbladder carcinoma with CT may provide definite value in evaluating respectability of gallbladder carcinoma.

End stage liver disease is a serious threat to human health.Existing conventional therapies are far from ideal,and orthotopic liver transplantation is limited by the lack of donor liver.A new therapy,transplantation of hepatic stem cell,is a promising approach.Hepatic oval cells are hepatic stem/progenitor cells(HSC/HPC)during hepatic regeneration,and they are being referred to as hepatic precursor cells.It got its name because of its oval nucleus,high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio and other morphological features.Research has shown increasingly importance in the knowledge of hepatic oval cells.There are many signaling pathways in hepatic oval cells activation and proliferation.As a branch of the Wnt signaling pathway,Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has a significant effect on hepatic oval cells activation and proliferation.However,the exact mechanisms of this process have not been completely elucidated.This review describes the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in hepatic oval cell activation and proliferation.

Objective To investigate the galectin-3 (Gal-3) and osteopontin (OPN) expression in esophageal carcinoma and analyze its clinical significance.Methods Thirty-seven patients who suffered from esophageal carcinoma were selected from 2006 to 2008.There were 28 males and 9 females,aged from 41 to 82 vears old.The levels of Gal-3 mRNA and OPN mRNA in tissues were detected by Fluorescent PCR,and the levels of Gal-3 and OPN in blood plasma were measured by ELISA.Result The expression of Gal-3 mRNA and OPN mRNA were significantly different between the esophageal carcinoma,side of carcinoma and normal esophagus tissues (F=11.934,F=4.269,P<0.05);The expression of galectin-3 and osteopontin were correlated with pathological grading (F=3.216,P

Objective To explore the surgical treatment of the primary retroperitoneal tumor (PRT). Methods A retrospective clinical data analysis was made on the 59 cases of PRT who underwent operation. Results 59 cases were diagnosed by operation and pathologic examination.In 41 cases of malignancyt ( 69.49%),complete resection, partial resection, surgical exploration and biopsy were performed on 15 cases (36.6%), 8 cases (19.5%) and 18 case (43.9%) , respectively. The 3- and 5-year survival rates of maligment PRT with total resection were 53.3% and 26.7%,and with partial resection were 19.23% and 7.69% respectively.In 18 cases of benign tumor (30.5%),complete resection, partial resection, surgical exploration and biopsy were performed on 14 cases (77.8%), 3cases (16.7%) and 1case ( 5.6%) , respectively. The 3- and 5-year survival rates of benign PRT with total resection were 92.86% and 85.7%,and with non-completely resection were 75.0% and 50.0%, respectively. Conclusions Operation is the main treatment of PRT. Early diagnosis and radical resection are the keys in improving the prognosis of PRT.

Background and objective Apolipoprotein E is a constituent of lipoproteins with considerable variation due to cysteine-arginine exchanges. We investigated the relationship between apo E gene polymorphism and the occurrence of coronary artery disease(CAD) in the older population of northern China. Methods The distribution of the HhaI polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein E gene was determined among 55 patients with CAD (CAD group), which was compared with that of 36 elderly subjects without CAD(control group). Results Genotype distributions at both sites (apo E gene 112-bp and 158-bp sites ) were different between the CAD and control groups. The CAD group had lower apolipoprotein Eε2frequencies than the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Individuals with apolipoprotein Eε2are likely to have a reduced risk of developing coronary artery disease as demonstrated by elderly subjects in Northern China.

Objective Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) has a role in the proliferation and metastasis of various types of cells.This study investigates the hepatic oval cell's mechanism of EMT induced by histone deacetylase inhibition and the resulting cell motility increase from EMT.Methods Hepatic oval cell stem cell markers and marker changes were detected by flow cytometry,and after histone deacetylase inhibition induced EMT,the morphological changes were recorded.Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction detected the expression of E-cadherin,vimentin and Snail.Furthermore,confocal microscopy analysis recognized the nuclear translocation of Snail.Results Flow cytometry revealed no changes in the stem cell properties of hepatic oval cells in the cell culture process.Oval cell EMT,induced by HDACi,was observed through morphological changes,a reduction of the epithelial cell marker E cadherin,and an increase of the mesenchymal cell marker Vimentin.HDACi can promote the expression and nuclear translocation of Snail,which is the key hepatic oval cell transcription factor for both EMT and enhanced motility.Therefore,Snail RNA interference can suppress HDACi induced EMT in hepatic oval cells.Conclusions In conclusion,histone deacetylase inhibition induces hepatic oval cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition by Snail.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship among -75 bp/+83 bp polymorphism in apolipoprotein A1 (apo A1) gene, lipids levels and the occurrence of coronary atherosclerosis disease (CAD).

METHODSWe determined distributions of two MspI polymorphisms of the apo A1 gene at -75 bp and +83 bp, and blood lipids levels among 137 Chinese patients (92 with CAD and 45 in the control group) in relation to circulating lipids and coronary angiography.

RESULTSThe demographic information for 137 subjects showed that subjects with CAD tended to have more unfavorable lipoprotein variables. Genotype distributions at both sites were different between the CAD and control groups. Furthermore, the control group had higher M1-/M2- frequencies than the CAD group (M1: P < 0.005; M2: P < 0.05) and the "M1-" (A) and "M2-" alleles were associated with increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (M1-: P < 0.0001; M2-: P < 0.05) and apo A1 (M1-: P < 0.0001; M2-: P < 0.05) levels. "M1-" and "M2-" were significantly negatively correlated with CAD (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively).

CONCLUSIONSOur results suggest that changes from G to A at the -75 bp site and from C to T or G to A at the +83 bp site do increase circulating levels of apo A1 and HDL-C. And those individuals with these changes are likely to have a lower risk of developing CAD.

Apolipoprotein A-I ; blood ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Coronary Artery Disease ; blood ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Objective By analyzing the problems existed in the Investigator Initiated Trial (IIT),this article put forward the corresponding countermeasures and therefore provides reference for the standardization of clinical research project management.Methods Four types of problems identified in the supervision of hospital IIT projects are analyzed according to literature review,data analysis of clinical research project,comparative study and summary.Identified problems are existed in the following aspects:scientific research supervision function,research method guidelines,technical specification of the diagnosis and treatment,scientific research design and project approval review,research funds,medical ethics committee,construction of Biobank and Regulation Conflicts.Results This article put forward 6 countermeasures for improvement:establishing and perfect IIT project scientific research supervision entity,bring in the IIT project steering group to strengthen the scientific review;Strengthen risk management to ensure medical safety,carry out IIT training,establish IIT management database information system,build a comprehensive integrated development multi-point application model of hospital BioBank.Conclusions The establishment of the hospital's IIT scientific research supervision system,management mode and technical standard system is of great importance to standardize clinical research,ensure research quality and guide the clinical research work of the hospital effectively.