Objective To compare the dose distribution between three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3D-CRT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in treating locally advanced pancreatic cancer,and report the efficacy of IMRT combined with regional chemotherapy using gemcitabine (GEM).Methods Ten patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer were enrolled in this study.3D-CRT and IMRT plans were designed for each patient.The dose distributions of target volume and normal tissues were analyzed using the dose volume histogram (DVH).Twenty-five locally advanced pancreatic cancers patients who were treated by IMRT combined with regional chemotherapy using gemcitabine (combined group) were retrospective analyzed,as well as 25 hospitalized patients of the same period who were treated by regional chemotherapy using gemcitabine alone (chemotherapy alone group).The therapeutic efficacy and adverse events were compared between two groups.Results IMRT plans decrease the mean dose and volume of duodenum,liver,stomach,both kidney and small bowel that received highdose irradiation.The 1-,2-year survival rate of the combined group and chemotherapy alone group was 60％,28％ and 36％,12％.The median survival time of two groups was 15 and 10 months,respectively (x2 =4.16,P ＜0.05).The total response rate of the combined group and the chemotherapy alone group was 64％ and 32％,respectively (x2 =5.13,P ＜ 0.05).The upper gastrointestinal side-effect rate of the combined group was higher than that of the chemotherapy alone group(Z =-2.354,P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistic significance in hematologic toxicity,liver and renal functional damage between the two groups.Conclusions Compared with 3D-CRT plan,IMRT plan could reduce the dose of organ at risks.IMRT combined with regional chemotherapy using gemcitabine could significantly improve the survival rate of patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer with mild adverse events.

BACKGROUND:Tranexamic acid is a synthetic anti-fibrinolytic drug, and can effectively control blood loss after total knee arthroplasty through vein. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss after primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty. METHODS:From 2014 to 2015, 100 patients from the Department of Lower Limb, Sichuan Orthopaedic Hospital underwent primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty, and randomly divided into test group which used tranexamic acid and control group which used tranexamic acid, with 50 cases in each group. 1 g tranexamic acid was infused into the vein at 10 minutes before total knee arthroplasty in the test group, but tranexamic acid was not given in the control group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The amount of total blood loss, postoperative wound drainage in 24 hours, and the amount of blood transfusion were significantly less in the test group than in the control group (P < 0.05). No significant differences in intraoperative blood loss and the number of patients receiving blood transfusion were found between the test and control groups. No significant difference in preoperative hemoglobin levels was detected before surgery, but hemoglobin levels were decreased after surgery between the two groups. Postoperative hemoglobin levels were apparently higher in the test group than in the control group after surgery. At 24 hours after surgery, no significant difference in coagulation was detectable between the two groups. At 6 days, double lower limb vein color Doppler ultrasound examination did not reveal deep vein thrombosis in both groups. These findings verify that treatment with tranexamic acid in the vein before primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty can evidently diminish the amount of perioperative blood loss and blood transfusion, reduce the risk and cost of blood transfusion, which is good for rehabilitation and does not increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis.

Objective To study the value of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI)in Marchiafava-Bignami disease.Methods (1)12 cases of Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD)patients with 6 month follow-up and 12 hedthy adults were clone MRI DWI;(2)MR imaging characteristics of 12 patients were observed on the corpus callosum and the other gray-white matters;(3)The ADC values of the central part and marginal area of the corpus callosum and the other gray-white matters were measured,data analysis were carried out completely by random design.Results Hyperintensity on the corpus callosum were showed in 12 patients on DWI,typical“sandwich sign”was seen on the sagittal T2 WI in 1 1 cases,and gray-white matters beside the corpus callosum were involved other in 6 cases;The ADC values of central and marginal area of the corpus callosum and the other gray-white matters had significant differ-ence between the improved clinical symptom group and,unimproved clinical symptom group and the control group (P < 0.05 ). There were no significant differences in the ADC values for the other white matters.Conclusion DWI can be used to reflect the change of MBD.Low ADC values in the corpus callosum and cortex are associated with a poor prognosis.

Objective To compare the effects of peripatellar peripheral nerve partially and totally depolarized in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods 66 TKA patients were divided into partially depolarized group (A, 42 knees) and totally depolarized group (B, 38 knees). The scores of knee-joint, Feller and Visual Analogue Scale were recorded. Results There was no significant difference in all the scores between 2 groups before operation (P>0.05). All the scores improved after operation (P<0.05), however, there was still no significant difference between 2 groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Patellar peripheral nerve partially depolarization technique can reduce postoperative knee pain, which has the same effect with totally depolarization.

Objective: To explore the cross classification of tibial plateau fractures combined with avulsion fracture of medial femoral condyle. Methods: The 16 patients were retrospectively analysed as an observation group who had been treated at Department of Lower Limbs, Sichuan Orthopaedic Hospital for tibial plateau fracture and avulsion fracture of the medial condyle of the same femur from January 2015 to December 2018. They were 9 males and 7 females, aged from 27 to 78 years (average, 51.5 years). By the Schatzker classification, there were 2 cases of type Ⅰ, 8 cases of type Ⅱ, 3 cases of type Ⅲ and one case of type Ⅳ; by the cross classification, there were 10 cases of type Ⅰe, one case of type Ⅱe and 2 cases of type Ⅲe and 3 cases of type Ⅰv. The 332 patients were included as a control group who had been treated at the same department for simple tibial plateau fracture from January 2010 to December 2015. The imaging data of the 2 groups were compared to find out the charateristics of cross type distribution; the widened distance of the lateral tibial plateau, collapse depth of the tibial plateau, separation of avulsion fracture of medial femoral condyle, maximum clearance of the medial knee and eversion angle of the tibial plateau were investigated in the patients with cross types e and Ⅰv in the observation group. Results: In the observation group, the widened distance of the lateral tibial plateau averaged 7.18 mm, the collapse depth of the tibial plateau 8.74 mm, the separation of avulsion fracture of medial femoral condyle 3.44 mm, the maximum clearance of the medial knee 7.77 mm, and the eversion angle of the tibial plateau 87.03°. There was a significant difference in the cross type distribution of tibial plateau fractures between the 2 groups (P=0.002). In the observation group, the average widened distance of the lateral tibial platea for the 13 type e patients (8.49±4.26 mm)was significantly larger than that for the 3 type Ⅰv patients (1.51±2.11 mm) (t=2.706, P=0.017). Conclusion The cross classification of tibial plateau fractures with avulsion fracture of mediall condyle of the same femur may result mainly in types e and type Ⅰv. The widened distance of lateral tibial plateau helps distinction between types e and type Ⅰv.

Aim To observe the effect of total flavonoid from Mori folium(TFMF) on renal interstitial fibrosis in type 1 diabetic mice and its possible mechanism.Methods Diabetic mice were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ) dissolved in 0.01 mol·L-1 citrate buffer(pH 4.5) at 150 mg·kg-1 body weight after 12 h of food deprivation.Forty model mice were divided randomly into four groups: model group, and low-(0.25 g·kg-1), moderate-(0.5 g·kg-1), high-dose groups(1 g·kg-1) fed with TFMF once daily.In addition, eight normal mice were used as normal group.After 12 weeks, the fasting blood glucose(FBG), serum creatinine(Cr), blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and microalbuminuria(mAlb) were measured.Masson staining, Sirius red staining and collagen type Ⅳ immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the expression of collagen protein in the cortex, while laminin staining to assess the degree of glomerular and renal tubular basement membrane thickening.The protein expressions related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition and PI3K/Akt/mTOR in the renal cortex of mice were detected by Western blot.Results The moderate and high dose of TFMF could significantly decrease the levels of FBG, Cr, BUN and mAlb in diabetic mice, meanwhile decreasing the expression of α-SMA protein by inhibiting the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, which led to the amelioration of the pathological alterations of renal tissue.Conclusions The moderate and high dose of TFMF can reduce the level of renal interstitial fibrosis in type 1 diabetic mice, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

Achalasia is a primary esophageal motility disorder manifested by dysphagia and chest pain that impair patients’ quality of life, and it also leads to chronic esophageal inflammation by food retention and increases the risk of esophageal cancer. Although achalasia has long been reported, the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of achalasia are not fully understood. The current clinical dilemma of achalasia is mainly due to its unclear pathogenesis. In this paper, epidemiology, diagnosis treatment, as well as possible pathogenesis of achalasia will be reviewed and summarized. The proposed hypothesis on the pathogenesis of achalasia is that genetically susceptible populations potentially have a higher risk of infection with viruses, triggering autoimmune and inflammation responses to inhibitory neurons in lower esophageal sphincter.

Objective:To investigate the role of three-dimensional dose distribution-based deep learning model in predicting distant metastasis of head and neck cancer.Methods:Radiotherapy and clinical follow-up data of 237 patients with head and neck cancer undergoing intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) from 4 different institutions were collected. Among them, 131 patients from HGJ and CHUS institutions were used as the training set, 65 patients from CHUM institution as the validation set, and 41 patients from HMR institution as the test set. Three-dimensional dose distribution and GTV contours of 131 patients in the training set were input into the DM-DOSE model for training and then validated with validation set data. Finally, the independent test set data were used for evaluation. The evaluation content included the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), balanced accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, concordance index and Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis.Results:In terms of prognostic prediction of distant metastasis of head and neck cancer, the DM-DOSE model based on three-dimensional dose distribution and GTV contours achieved the optimal prognostic prediction performance, with an AUC of 0.924, and could significantly distinguish patients with high and low risk of distant metastasis (log-rank test, P<0.001). Conclusion:Three-dimensional dose distribution has good predictive value for distant metastasis in head and neck cancer patients treated with IMRT, and the constructed prediction model can effectively predict distant metastasis.

Central serous chorioretinopathy(CSC)is a chorioretinal disease that causes idiopathic serous retinal detachment(SRD),which is associated with one or more areas of pigment epithelial detachment(PED)or defect in the retinal pigment epithelium,also with characteristic ocular structural changes.CSC was classified as pachy-choroid spectrum diseases(PSD);recent studies have found it mainly in Haller layer.Recent studies focused on the thick sclera in CSC patients,illustrated the close relation between which and choroidal circulation and put for-ward the probable pathogenesis similar to uveal effusion syndrome(UES).In addition,short axial length,hypero-pia and shallow anterior chamber are also the characteristics in CSC patients,indicating that CSC is the disease not limiting to posterior oculus,but involving the whole oculus.This review summarizes the latest research advances on optical characteristics in CSC,providing the new ideas for further research on pathogenesis of CSC.

Wet detoxification has traditionally been seen as the most promising technology for treating chromium-contaminated sites. However, the addition of chemicals in the wet detoxification process not only increases the cost but also introduces extra pollutants. Moreover, the chromium-containing slag may be re-dissolved in the form of Cr(VI), and the increased concentration of Cr(VI) results in a serious "returning to yellow" phenomenon in the chromium-contaminated sites, causing undesirable secondary pollution. Microbial remediation is a promising technology to address the re-dissolution of chromium-containing slag after wet detoxification, and this article reviews the advances in this area. Firstly, the toxicity, current situation and conventional technologies for treating the chromium-containing slag were briefly summarized. The mechanisms of the inevitable re-dissolution of chromium-containing slag after wet detoxification were summarized. Three main mechanisms, namely bioreduction, biosorption and biomineralization, which are involved in the environmental-friendly and efficient microbial remediation technology, were reviewed. The variation of microbial species and the succession of microbial community during the bioremediation of chromium-contaminated sites were discussed. Finally, future research directions were prospected with the aim to develop long-term, stable and sustainable technologies for remediating the chromium-contaminated sites.
Biodegradation, Environmental ; Chromium/toxicity* ; Environmental Pollutants/toxicity*