[Objective]To develop macroporous calcium phosphate cements(CPCs) by incorporating the gelatin microspheres(GMs) and to evaluate the performance of the composite as a bone substitute in vitro and in vivo. [Methods]GMs were prepared by improved emulsified cold-condensation method and macroporous CPCs were developed using GMs with three different weight ratios (0%,2.5% and 5%). The porosity and the compression strength of the three composites were measured to determine the proper weight ratio of GMs. The morphologic changes of osteoblasts were examined with scanning electron microscope at two days after the cells were seeded on the CPCs and GMs/CPCs. The cells were also cultured with different leaching liquor of three kinds of materials (0%,2.5% GMs/CPCs and polystyrene).Cell viability analysis was performed by MTT assay,and alkaline phosphatase was measured with alkaline phosphatase kit. At six months after implanted in the goat vertebre ,the samples with CPCs or GMs/CPCs were obtained and evaluated by X-ray image and histological anatomy.[Results]Porosity of the GMs/CPCs increased with the increase of GMs,but compression strength decreased. The proliferation and differentiation of the osteoblasts were enhanced with the 2.5% GMs/CPCs compared to the CPCs. In vivo study showed that the degradation of GMs/CPCs was improved.[Conclusion]Macroporous calcium phosphate cements can be developed by incorporating gelatin microspheres,and biocompatibility and degradability of the composite can be enhanced. The composite can be used as a bone substitute under non-loaded circumstances.

Objective To analyze the magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) appearance and pathological changes of pig thigh of soft tissues after been shot by rifle,so as to offer a theoretical foundation for wound management in early stage of gunshot injuries.Methods Seventeen adult pigs were intravenously anesthetized and suspended in supine position,the pigs were shot in 10 meters away by domestic-made rifle of 95 type.The wound limb were undergone 1.5T MRI scans and histological observation at 2h,6h,12h,24h,48h,9day,and 18day after shot injury.Results The wounded tissues included four areas of different pathological changes:primary ballistic cavity,coagulative necrosis area,tissue disruption area and tissue distortion area.The thickness of coagulative necrosis area was about 1 to 3 millimeters,which showed double-hypointense signal phenomenon in both T2 weighted image and enhanced T1 weighted image.The tissue disruption area and part of tissue distortion area showed double-hyperintense signal phenomenon in both T2 weight image and enhanced T1 weighted image.Conclusion Penetrating gunshot wound in soft tissues of hind limb can be divided into four areas:primary ballistic cavity,coagulative necrosis area,tissue disruption area and tissue distortion area.MRI can clearly show primary ballistic cavity and coagulative necrosis area.Tissue disruption area and tissue distortion area are hyperintense signal areas on the outside of the primary ballistic cavity,which can be distinguished clearly by pathalogical observation,but tissue disruption area and part of tissue distortion area are undistinguishable by MRI.

[Objective]To study various surgical approaches to the treatment of scapular neck and body fratures,and evaluate the clinical results.[Method]From January 1996 to December 2006,thirty-two cases with scapular neck and body fratures including 21 males and 11 females with age range from 18-56 years (mean 29 years) that had been admitted to the author's hospital were retrospectively analyzed.On the basis of the fracture patterns,straight incision along lateral border of the scapula,posterior approach,Judet approach were performed with plates or lag screws for open reduction and internal fixation.[Result]All cases were followed up for a period of 8-22 months.The mean time of bone union was 6-8 weeks.According to Hardegger's evaluation,22 cases showed excellent results,7 good,2 fair,1 poor.[Conclusion]Open reduction and internal fixation are emphasized to the severe separated scapular neck and body fractures.Straight incision along lateral border of the scapula,posterior approach or Judet approach can be chosen on the basis of the fracture patterns.Most scapular neck and body fractures can be treated by straight incision approach along lateral border of the scapula.This surgical approach can provide exposure of the fratures directly with saved surgical time and attain perfect reduction and fixtion with less trauma.

Objective To investingate the expression method of bcl-2 and it's significance in osteogenic tumor and tumor-like diseases.Method The protein of PCNA, p53, Fas and bcl-2 were examined immunohistologically in osteosarcoma, ossifying fibroma, fibeous dysplasia of bone and normal bone callus. The results were analysed combing with the information of metastasis and hisomorphology.Results PCNA and p53 were highly expressed in low-differentiated osteosarcoma, bcl-2 were highly expressed at high-differentiated osteocoma and ossifying fibroma. When PCNA, p53 and bcl-2 were all expressed at high level, the metastasis rate was high, when only bcl-2 was expressed at high level, the progmosis was better. Conclusion The mechanism for benign and malignant tumor are different, the benign and low-degree malignant tumor may be caused by over accumulated mutation cells sipported by high level of bcl-2, while malignant tumor may be the result of multi-gene cooperation abnormally.

[Objective]To repair segmental bone defect with the composite of deproteinised cancellous bone,bone morphogenetic protein(BMP) and fibrin.[Method] Bone defects were created in 36 New Zealand rabbits on the bilateral radii and treated with three kinds of implantations:A,composite of deproteinised cancellous bone,BMP and fibrin;B,of deproteinised cancellous bone;C,blank control.The defects were observed by entgenography,optical microscopy,and electron-microscopy at 2,4,8,12,16 weeks.[Result] The defects treated with A implantation regenerated much more new bone and bridged earlier than the defects treated with B implantation and got completely repaired 16 weeks after operation.The defects with B and C implantation couldn't get osseous tissue healing.[Conclusion]The composite of deproteinised cancellous bone,bone morphogenetic protein(BMP) and fibrin can be effectively used to repair segmental bone defect.

[Objective]To investigate the effect of an effervescent-sucrose on the properties of calcium phosphate cement. [Method]The sucrose particles were mixed with CPC powder at sucrose/(sucrose+CPC powder) mass percentage of 0%,10%,20%,30%,40%.The samples were characterized by compressive strength,X-ray diffraction,SEM techniques and degradation in vivo.[Result]The samples decreased on the mechanical properties and increased on the rate of macropore and total porosity,they were effected significantly among groups by added effervescent(P

[Objective]To explore the outcome of repairing nerve defects with nerve allografts stored in green tea polyphenol solution.[Method]Forth-eight male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups of nerve grafting,with 12 rats in each group.A 1.0 cm sciatic nerve segment,5 mm away from infrapiriform foramen,was removed and repaired by 4 kinds of nerve allografts.Group A:autografts.Group B:allografts.Group C:cryopreserved nerve allografts.Group D:nerve allografts stored in green tea polyphenol solution.At 6 weeks and 12 weeks,a series of examinations were performed,including the gross appearance,electrophysiological test,histological observation,electron microscopic study and quantitative analysis with image analysis system.[Result]All the parameters of groups A and D were better than those in groups B and C(P

[Objective]To study the combination of calcium phosphate cement(CPC) and morselized bone and their optimum mixing ratio. [Methods]Bilateral nemora of macro-ears rabbits were made into morselized bone.There were two groups:experimental group and control group.In the experimental group,the ratios of morselized bone to CPC were 1 to 1,1 to 2,1 to 3,1 to 4 and 1 to 5.In the control group CPC was used after it was solidified.The maximum compression strength and solidified time of the materials in experimental and control groups were tested.The cell multiplication was evaluated by MTT after mesenchymal stem cells were cultivated.[Results]The cell multiplication in materials mixed with ratios of 1 to 2 and 1 to 3 was better than those in the materials mixed with the other ratios by MTT.It indicated that there was a significant difference(P

[Objective]To observe the effect of vacuum sealing drainage(VSD) on bacteria and microcirculation of acute explosion wounds in pigs.[Method]Twelve blast wounds,created by explosion of a specific type of electric detonations which were fixed at 1 cm over the skin of the hips of six Lanzhou healthy pigs(30-40 kg),were divided into two matched groups.Debridement was performed at 6 hours after injury.Group A was treated with conventional dressing change,and group B was treated with VSD under the pressure of-20kPa.Tissue specimens collected from different sites of the wound bed before and at 12,24,48,72 hours after treatment,and experienced bacteria counting.The microcirculation of the blast wounds was examined by color B-mode ultrasonic diagnostic equipment before and 72hours after treatment.[Result]The difference of wound bacteria loads between group A and group B was statistically signficant at different time points.Bacteria loads in group B were increased to 105cfu/g at 48 h after treatment,compared with group A at 24 h.No signal of blood flow in blast wound was found before treatment.In contract,the blast wound had plenty of signals of blood flow in group B.[Conclusion]VSD could reduce the bacteria loads,and delay the time of infection.Meanwhile it improved the microcirculation of the acute blast wound.

[Objective]To confirm the effect of combination of calcium phosphate cement and small amounts of autoallergic micromorselized bone for reparing bone defect and provide the basis for clinical use.[Method]The animal models of bilateral radius defect were created by surgery on Japan white big ear rabbits.The combination with a ratio of 3 to 1 in one lateral leg was implanted in experimental group,and calcium phosphate cement was used in the control group.The X-rays,bone density,and maximum torsional moment were carried out at different time points,and osteogenesis and degradation of the materials in the two groups were analyzed.[Result]Enhancement of osteogenesis was found in the experimental group,and the materials were enclosed significantly by bony callus at the 8~(th) week,the defects were repaired and the materials were degraded completely at the 16~(th) week.The bone mineral content in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group(P