Different from the general local hospital,the affiliated hospital of medical school plays double social roles that it not only serves as a teaching hospital but also a medical uniL Every medical staff in it shoulders the responsibility of teaching,researching and medical treatmenL According to the relative independence of affiliated hospital in comprehensive university,the particularity of professional and technical post,the multiplicity of post task,as well as problems existed in the current appraisal and appointment of professional and technical posts such as lacking objectivity and maneuverability in clinical skills examination and evaluation.the paper tries to put forward a new mode of clinical skills examination and evaluation system in accordance with the characteristics of affiliated hospital.

Objective:To evaluate the value of CT in the diagnosis of skeletal metastases from hepatoma.Methods:27 patients proved by clinical or pathological materials were analysed retrospectively.Results:All the lesion were osteolytic on CT scans.The most frequently involved areas were spine(26%),ribs(22%),pelvis(19%)and femur(11%).Conclusion:CT scan is superior to X-ray plain flims in showing the lesions.Most foci can be diagnosed accurately.

Objective To study the effects of improved Wright-Giemsa staining. Methods 40 semen samples by both traditional and improved Wright-Giemsa staining.The morphological characteristics stained by two methods was ob-served. Results The defective rates of the middle and tail parts of sperm were 7.02%± 2.4%and 11.02%± 2.03%respec-tively in improved staining group;while those were 5.48%±2.8%and 8.05%±2.56%in traditional staining group. There was statistical significance between two staining methods (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference of normal sperm and sperm head between these two staining methods;however, improved staining method showed a much clearer nucleus and ac-rosome staining than that of traditional methods. Improved Wright-Giemsa staining is better for sperm, vaginal discharge and Trichomonas vaginalis. More importantly, axostyle and flagella were clearly stained with the improved method. Conclusion Improved Wright-Giemsa staining is simple and can be used in clinical diagnosis.

Objective To observe the effect of 8-week climbing ladder exercise with load on the expression of proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α)/ fibronectin type Ⅲ domain containing 5 (FNDC5)/ myostatin (MSTN)in soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscle and the serum concentration of irisin in Sprague-Dawley (SD)rats.Methods Twenty SD rats were randomly divided into a control (Con,n=10)group and a climbing ladder (Lad,n=10)group.The Lad group took an 8-week and once-every-3-day program of resistance exercise using an improved model of climbing ladder with load.Then the soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles were isolated at 48 h after exercise.The PGC1α/FNDC5/MSTN mRNA and protein expression in the skeleton muscle were detected using quantitative PCR and Western blotting respectively.The serum concentration of irisin was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Compared with Con group,the expression of PGC1α in the soleus muscle reduced significantly (P＜0.05),that of FNDC5 reduced but without significance and that of MSTN increased significantly (P＜0.05)in Lad group.However,the expression of PGC1α in the extensor digitorum longus muscle increased significantly (P＜0.05),that of FNDC5 increased but without significance and that of MSTN decreased significantly (P＜0.05)in Lad group compared with Con group.There were no significant differences in the serum concentration of irisin between the two groups.Conclusion Eight-week climbing ladder exercise with load on rats induces differential expression of PGC1α/FNDC5/MSTN in soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscle,but doesn't influence the serum concentration of irisin.It is suggested that there may be a complex mechanism of balancing and antagonism in the body after long-term resistance exercises.

Objective To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on tau phosphorylation and PI3K/ Akt pathway in the hippocampus of obese rats,and provide some theoretical basis for physical activity improving obesity-related neurological disorders.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 3 weeks were randomly assigned to either a high-fat or a normal diet protocol for 12 weeks.Animals submitted to the high-fat diet were further divided into two groups:a sedentary group (HF-Sed) and an exercise group (HF-Ex).The rats fed the normal diet were also divided into a sedentary group (ND-Sed)and an exercise group (ND-Ex).The rats in the HF-Ex and ND-Ex groups underwent a treadmill training for 8 weeks.Then the hippocampus was isolated at 48h after the last exercise.The protein and phosphorylation levels of tau,glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β),phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt were assayed using Western blotting.Results After 12 weeks of feeding,55％ of rats in the high-fat diet group reached the conditions for the obesity model.After 8 weeks of treadmill exercises,in the HF-Sed group the phosphorylation level of tau was significanlty higher than that in the ND-Sed group,while in the HF-Ex group that was significantly lower than the HF-Sed group.Moreover,in the HF-Sed group the phosphorylation level of GSK3β Ser9 was significantly lower,and the phosphorylation level of GSK3β Tyr216 was significantly higher than the ND-Sed group,indicating the activity of GSK3β was significantly higher than the ND-Sed group.However,after 8 weeks of treadmill exercise,in the HF-Ex group the phosphorylation level of GSK3β Ser9 was signfiicantly higher,and the phosphorylation level of GSK3β Tyr216 was signficanlty lower than the HF-Sed group,indicating significantly lower activity of GSK3β than the HF-Sed group.Then,in the HF-Sed group the protein levels of PI3K p110 and p85 subunits,and the phosphorylation levels of Akt Thr308 and Ser473 were significantly lower than those in the ND-Sed group,indicating inhibited activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway.However,in the HF-Ex group the protein levels of PI3K p110 and p85 subunits and the phosphorylation levels of Akt Thr308 and Ser473 were significanlty higher than those in the HF-Sed group,showing the activity of PI3K/Akt pathway was enhanced.Conclusion Obesity induces tau hyperphosphorylation in the rats hippocampus and long-term aerobic exercises can reduce tau hyperphosphorylation by increasing PI3K/Akt pathway activity and inhibiting GSK3β activity.It has a positive effect on delaying the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and improving obesity-related neurological disorders.

Normal feed and stone-leading feed were used respectively to raise guinea pigs in the control group and stone-causing group. The dynamic changes of total cholesterol, mucoprotein, total phospholipid and total cholic acid were measured during various raising periods. The formation of crystal nucleus and the growth of gallstone were studied under polarzing microscope. It was found that the contents of total cholesterol, mucoprotein, total phospholipid and total cholic acid in the gallbladder bile of control group were nearly the same during the whole feeding process, and no shaped stone crystal was formed. In the stone-causing group, however, the contents of total cholesterol and mucoprotein gradually went up and the contents of total phospholipid and total cholic acid gradually went down. After 10 days' feeding, significant difference was seen,and after 25 days' feeding, highly significant difference was noted. With the increase of feeding days, the liquid crystal vesicles in the bile increased, became bigger, gathered in strings, and then formed liquid crystal cells. The stone crystal growth along these nuclei of bile liquid crystal cells spread out rapidly, and the micro-crystal grains formed further in number. It was shown that, during the process of gallbladder stone formation, bile liquid crystal cells form a basic kind of nucleus, and the gathering and merging of bile liquid crystal vesicles be the key to crystal growth. So cholesterol and mucoprotein play the role of nucleation-leading factors in enhancing the gathering and merging of liquid crystal vesicles, and phospholipid and cholate play the role of anti-nucleation during the formation of gallbladder stone.
Animals ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Crystallization ; Female ; Gallstones ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Guinea Pigs ; Male ; Mucoproteins ; metabolism ; Phospholipids ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Taurocholic Acid ; metabolism

Objective: To investigate the value of MRI in the early diagnosis of diagnosis of dysbaric osteonecrosis. Methods: Labor hygiene investigation and occupation health were examined on 52 high pressure operating personnel, were selected for the examination of both shoulders, hips and knees with X-ray and CT scan. Results: The cystic sign in dysbaric osteonecrosis as an important imaging feature, which perform in the MRI examination for T1W I sequence showed low or slightly low signal and T2W I sequence showed high signal, and X-ray and CT have a lower detection rate than MRI. The Kappa consistency test showed a high consistency with the two methods. At the same time MRI examination also can discover the bone marrow cavity necrosis early pathological change. Conclusion MRI is an effective method for the diagnosis of early dysbaric osteonecrosis, which can improve the early diagnosis rate of dysbaric osteonecrosis.

Objective To explore the effect of aerobic exercise on Wnt/β-Catenin pathway in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats,so as to provide theoretical basis for conforming that aerobic exercise can improve the function of the nervous system.Methods Six-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned to a sedentary control group (CG) and an aerobic exercise group (EG).The rats in the EG group underwent an 8-week treadmill training and their cerebral cortex and hippocampus were isolated at 48h after the last exercise.The mRNA levels of Wnt,β-Catenin,LRP5,LRP6,Axin1,CK1 and GSK3β were analyzed using quantitative PCR,while the protein and phosphorylation levels were assayed using Western blotting.Results After 8 weeks of treadmill exercise,the average mRNA and protein levels of Wnt1 and Wnt3 in the EG group were significantly higher than those in the CG group.Although there were no significant differences in β-Catenin mRNA levels between EG and CG groups,the protein levels of β-Catenin in the EG group were significantly higher than those in the CG group.Meanwhile,the phosphorylation levels of β-Catenin Ser33/Ser37 and Thr41/Ser45 were significantly lower than those in the CG group.In the EG group,the mRNA and protein levels of LRP5 and LRP6 were significantly higher than those in the CG group,while those of Axin1 and CK1 were significantly lower than the CG group.Moreover,no significant differences were observed in the mRNA and protein levels of GSK3β between the two groups,but the phosphorylation levels of GSK3β Ser9 in the EG group were significantly higher than the CG group.Conclusion Aerobic exercises can increase the levels of Wnt and Wnt receptor,protein LRP5 and LRP6,decrease the levels of Axin1 and CK1,inhibit the activity of GSK3β,altogether lowering the pbosphorylation of β-Catenin to promote the stableness of β-Catenin.Therefore,the aerobic exercise can increase Wnt/β-Catenin pathway activity and activate the downstream gene transcription in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats.

The ribosome composed of ribosomal RNA and ribosomal proteins is well documented to be an important organelle for protein synthesis.Ribosomal proteins play crucial roles in protein translation.The dysregulation of ribosomal proteins and ribosomal RNA expression activates ribosomal proteins' extraribosomal functions which is believed to play important roles in the tumorigenesis.It is possible that ribosomal proteins may serve as biomarkers or promising targets for the early diagonosis and therapy of tumor diseases.

Objective To compare the effect of aerobic and resistance exercise on brown adipose tissues in rats.Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to a control(C)group,an aerobic exercise (T) group and a resistance exercise(L)group.The rats of group T performed treadmill exercise 5 days per week for 8 weeks,while those of group L climbed vertical ladders with progressively increased weights once in 3 days for 8 weeks.All rats were weighed before and after the intervention.Then the bilateral interscapular brown adipose tissue was isolated and weighed at 48h after the last exercise.The hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the morphology of adipocytes,and the quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting were employed to detect the mRNA and protein expression of browning genes [PR-domain-containing 16 (PRDM 16),PPAR gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1 α) and uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)] respectively.Results After the intervention,the increment of weight of group T and group L were only 52％ and 70％ of group C(P＜0.01 and P＜0.05).The weight of BAT in both group T and L was lower than group C,but without significance(P＞0.05).The average size of lipid droplets in group T decreased significantly(P＜0.01) and slightly in group L(P＞0.05) compared with group C.The PRDM16,PGC-1α and UCP1 mRNA expression of group T was 1.78(P＜0.01),2.2(P＜ 0.01) and 1.3(P＞0.05) times of group C,while that of group L was 1.30(P＞0.05),1.25(P＞0.05) and 1.21(P＞0.05) times of group C.The PRDM16,PGC-1α and UCP1 protein level in group T was 1.46-fold(P＜0.05),1.56-fold(P＞0.05)and 1.20-fold(P＞0.05),while that of group L was 1.08-fold(P＞0.05),0.94-fold(P＞0.05) and 1.20-fold(P＞0.05) of group C.Conclusion Eight weeks of aerobic exercise can significantly make the lipid droplets of adipocyte smaller,increase the differentiation and metabolic activity of BAT,and weakly stimulate BAT thermogenesis.However,8 weeks of resistance exercise has no significant effect on BAT.