P. yoelii sporozoites(Sp) in Anopheles stephensi were first isolated with low-speed centrifugation and the Sp suspension was subsequantly purified with the density gradient centrifugation. The recovery rates of Sp by the latter method is about 50-75% of that by the former, but few debris could be found in the Sp suspension and the infectivity of the Sp was not weakened as compared with the Sp obtained by low-speed method. Sp would retain partial infectivity, when its suspension was maintained ia medium 199 at 4℃ for 48 hrs. When rats and mice were infected with these Sp, patho-logical changes of hepatocytes such as cloudy swelling or fatty degeneration, which had been evidenced to be induced by mosquito tissues, would be absent or present in th& slightest degree.

Anopheles minimus was infected with Plasmodium yoelii yoelii under adequate condition. The malaria parasite could develop normally and produce mature oocysts containing sporozoites. Large numbers of free active sporozoites were found in the haemocele but most of them failed to penetrate into the mosquito's salivary glands. Thus the sporogonic cycle of the parasite could not be completed.But in one mosquito, a few sporozoites were found in its salivary glands. It seems that there is an individual difference in the susceptibility of the mosquitoes and this throws some light on the possibility of selecting a susceptible strain of A. minimus to establish the A. minimus-P. yoelii system for malaria research.

Objective To explore radiographic and MRI features of the hemangiomas and vascular malformation in the deep soft-tissue of the extremities.Methods 89 cases confirmed by surgical pathology and angiography were analyzed retrospectively with clinical data and radiological findings.Imaging exams included plain X-ray performed in all patients,and MRI scan in 33 patients.Results On X-ray plain film,there was normal bone and soft tissue in 54 cases(60.7%),soft tissue abnormalities in 14 cases(1 5.7%),and phleboliths in 30 cases(33.7%).Also,plain X-ray film studies demonstrated bone changes adjacent to the deep soft tissue in 32 cases(36.0%), including periosteal reactions(13 cases),cortical erosion (1 6 cases),involvement of the bone marrow (10 cases)and 7 diffuse lesions with all above changes.On MRI,lesions were similar to honeycomb or sponge,and T1 WI showed isohypointense signal in 25 cases (75.8%),hypointense in 5 cases (1 5.2%),inhomogeneous slightly hyperintense in 3 cases (9.0%).On T2 WI,all lesions were well defined and showed hyperintense signals with hypointense septation,of which there were 9 cases with nodular hypointense areas and vascular flow effect.Hypointense phleboliths were showed in 10 cases(30.3%).Following injection of the contrast medium,all lesions had heterogeneous enhancement patterns.Of the 33 patients studies with MRI,lesions of 18 cases(54.5%)had bone changes which were adjacent to or partially or fully wrapped by neighbouring soft tissue lesions,in which lesions of 12 cases showed abnormal signal within bone marrow and lesions of 3 cases with vascular flow void phenomenon.In 15 cases (45.5%)without osseous change,lesions of 3 cases were adjacent to bone,and lesions of 12 cases were with fat and muscle septum between the bone and lesions.Conclusion The hemangiomas and vascular malformation in the deep soft-tissue of the extremities may cause changes in adjacent bones.Familiarity with the performance of reactive bone changes on X-ray and MRI may help to improve the diagnosis and avoid misdiagnosis.

Objective To determine MIF expression in normal colorectal mucosa,colorectal adenoma and colorectal carcinoma, and the relationship between MIF and the clinical pathologic features of colorectal carcinoma.MethodsMIF expression was determined by immunohistochemical staining ELISA was used to detect the level of MIF in serum samples. Results The percentage of MIF expressing epithelial cells and MIF positive expression intensity were progressively increased in normal colorectal mucosa, colorectal adenoma and colorectal carcinoma. There was significant difference among three groups (P

Purpose The study about the CT manifestations of primary colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma is rarely reported by now, the purpose of this study is to explore the CT findings of primary colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma, to improve the radiology acknowledge about it. Materials and Methods CT findings of 46 patients with primary colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma and 46 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma confirmed by surgery and pathology were retrospectively analyzed, the differences of age, gender, tumor location, length and thickness of the involved intestinal wall, the thickening pattern of the intestinal wall, the contrast-enhanced form, the peri-intestinal invasion, the occurrence of intestinal obstruction and metastasis of other organs were compared between the two groups. Results Compared with the colorectal adenocarcinoma group, patient age of colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma group was younger (t=5.23, P<0.001), and involved intestinal wall was longer and thicker (t=4.78 and 5.76, P<0.001). There were statistically significant differences of focal thickening form, contrast-enhanced level, peri-intestinal invasion, with or without peritoneal metastasis difference between the two groups (χ2=54.29, 11.89, 30.17 and 16.51, P<0.01 and P<0.001), while in gender, lesion location, occurrence of intestinal obstruction, lymph node metastasis, or liver metastasis, there was no statistically significant difference (χ2=0.18, 8.33, 0.10, 0.18 and 0.50, P>0.05). Conclusion Signet-ring cell carcinomas are often found in younger patients, their CT manifestations including a long length of concentric bowel wall thickening and is characterized by the target ring sign in contrast-enhanced scan, which often involves the peri-intestinal space with peritoneal metastasis and peri-intestinal lymph node metastasis.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic values of CT and MRI by analysing the CT and MRI features of presacral tumor.Methods The CT and MRI imaging features of 37 cases of primary presacral tumor with surgical pathology were analyzed retrospectively,and the imaging findings were compared with the pathologic findings.All data were analyzed by Fishersχ2 test.Re-sults 9 cases of presacral tumors were cystic type,18 cases were solid type and 10 cases were cystic-solid type.90.3% (28/31)of benign tumors had round or oval shapes,83.3% (5/6)of malignant tumors were irregular form(χ2=16.093,P=0.001).The den-sity of lesions whether uniform or not,and the presence of enhancement showed no obvious statistical differences between benign and malignant lesions.In all 37 cases,28 cases of benign and 1 case of malignant tumor were found compressed the surrounding tissues and organs;4 cases of benign and 5 cases of malignant tumor invaded adjacent tissues and organs(χ2=13.547,P=0.002).Conclu-sion CT and MRI can differentiate benign and malignant tumor,and can make clear diagnosis in some cases.

AIM: To investigate whether homocysteine (Hcy) has influences on endothelial progenitor cell (EPCs) number and activity from peripheral blood. METHODS: Total mononuclear cells (MNCs) were plated on fibronectin-coated culture dishes and cultured for 7 days, and then attached cells were stimulated with Hcy or vehicle control for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h. The adhesion, proliferation, migration and in vitro vasculogenesis activity of EPCs were assayed, respectively. RESULTS: Incubation of isolated human MNCs with Hcy dose and time-dependently decreased the number of EPCs with maximum at 200 (?mol/L) for 24 hours (35.7?6.7 vs 62.5?10.6, P

Objective To investigate the epidemiological features of out-of-hospital patients with ventricular fibrillation (VF) in Shanghai and to analysis factors associated with outcomes, and to provide evidence for improving the success rate of VF.Methods The data of patients with VF admitted to Shanghai Medical Emergency Center from January 2013 to December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. All the data were recorded including the clinical data, medical service time, return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) at scene/en route, survival to hospital discharge. Factors that associated with successful resuscitation were analyzed by Logistic regression.Results From 2013 to 2016, 21096 patients with suspected cardiac arrest were admitted to the Shanghai Medical Emergency Center. After excluding ventricular tachycardia (13 cases) and ventricular asystole (20995 cases), 88 patients with VF were enrolled, with 62 male and 26 female; the average age was (63.22±16.15) years old. While bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was performed in only 21 cases (23.86％). Fifty-seven cases occurred during the day (08:00-20:00), while 31 cases occurred in the night. And the average emergency response time was (6.47±4.13) minutes; the average on-site time was (14.76±10.88) minutes; the average transport to hospital time was (5.95±4.00) minutes. There were no significant differences in response time, on-site time and transport to hospital time each year, and there were no significant differences in emergency medical service time between day and night either. From 2013 to 2016, prehospital successful resuscitation rate was decreased by years [95.65％ (22/23), 87.50％ (14/16), 83.33％ (20/24) vs. 80.00％(20/25), respectively,χ2 = 1.895,P = 0.595]. Survival to hospital discharge rate was increased by years [21.74％ (5/23), 31.25％ (5/16), 37.50％ (9/24), 40.00％ (10/25), respectively,χ2 = 2.862,P = 0.413]. The success rate of prehospital resuscitation for patients with 1, 2, ≥3 defibrillation was 35.23％ (31/88), 23.08％ (12/52), 89.19％ (33/37), respectively (χ2 = 42.811,P = 0.000). The on-site time in successful final resuscitation group was shorter than that in final resuscitation failure group (minutes: 10.85±8.83 vs. 16.79±11.36,t = 2.367,P = 0.020), the ROSC time in successful final resuscitation group was shorter than that of final resuscitation failure group (minutes: 3.24±3.17 vs. 7.43±6.64, t = 3.175,P = 0.002). It was shown by Logistic regression that long ROSC time was the risk factor for final resuscitation failure [odds ratio (OR) = 0.771,P = 0.024]. Gender, age, availability of witnesses CPR, call time, emergency response time, on-site time and transport to hospital time had no significant impact on the prehospital successful resuscitation and final successful resuscitation. In prehospital successful resuscitation group, there was significant difference in survival to hospital discharge rate among different defibrillation times group [48.39％ (15/31), 58.33％ (7/12) vs. 21.21％ (7/33),χ2 = 7.460,P = 0.024].Conclusions From 2013 to 2016, there were no significant changes in the emergency response time, prehospital successful resuscitation rate and survival to hospital discharge rate of patients with VF in Shanghai. Though, repeated defibrillation could significantly increased prehospital successful resuscitation rate, multiple defibrillation indicated decline of survival to hospital discharge rate in prehospital successful resuscitation group. Additionally, long on-site time and long ROSC time indicated poor prognosis.

Objective: To probe into the correlation between chronic liver disease and intestinal barrier function. Methods: 1 491 cases of hospitalized patients were enrolled, of which 741 cases were of chronic liver diseases, including 397 cases of fatty liver diseases, 230 cases of chronic hepatitis, 114 cases of liver cirrhosis, and 750 cases of non-hepatic diseases. All admitted patients’ intestinal barrier function like diamine oxidase (DAO), D-lactate, lipopolysaccharide, and biochemical indicators of liver functions were tested. According to different data, statistical analysis was done using t-test, ANOVA, Dunnett’s test, χ ² test of fourfold table, Pearson’s correlation, and binary logistic regression. Results: The intestinal barrier dysfunction was more likely to occur in the chronic liver disease group than that of non-hepatic disease group [54.15% (379/741) vs. 18.53% (139/750), χ ² = 193.58, P < 0.001]. The correlation analysis between biochemical indicators of liver function and intestinal barrier function in chronic liver disease group showed that alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), and total bilirubin levels were more susceptible to intestinal barrier dysfunction than those with normal indexes (P < 0.05 ). GGT had stimulated DAO (P < 0.05, OR > 1), D-lactate (P < 0.05, OR > 1), lipopolysaccharide (P < 0.05, OR > 1), ALT and AST. Conclusion Chronic liver disease increases with damage to intestinal barrier function.

OBJECTIVETo compare the difference in CT manifestations between primary colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma in order to improve radiologic diagnosis.

METHODSClinicopathological data and CT findings of 109 patients with colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma and 46 patients with primary colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma confirmed by surgery and pathology from March 2008 to February 2015 in the Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province were retrospectively collected. Differences in age, gender, tumor location, length and thickness of the involved intestinal wall, thickening pattern of the intestinal wall, lesion density, calcification, contrast-enhanced form, peri-intestinal invasion, occurrence of intestinal obstruction and metastasis of other organs were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSAmong 109 patients with colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma, 68 were men and 41 were women with a mean age of (56.8±15.4) years. Among 46 patients with primary colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma, 26 were men and 20 were women with a mean age of (42.9±15.6) years. Compared with mucinous adenocarcinoma group, signet-ring cell carcinoma group showed more concentric bowel-wall thickening[93.5%(43/46) vs. 81.6%(89/109), χ=9.19, P=0.030], higher lesion density [(42.0±3.0) Hu vs. (28.5±1.5) Hu, t=37.30, P=0.000], more marked enhancement [54.3%(25/46) vs. 12.8%(14/109), χ=35.21, P=0.000], less vast-low-density region in enhanced CT imaging[2.2%(1/46) vs. 45.0%(49/109), χ=73.31, P=0.000] and more severe peri-intestinal invasion [41.3% (19/46) vs. 17.4%(19/109), χ=10.25, P=0.006]. Calcification was found in 18.3%(20/109) of mucinous adenocarcinoma cases, but was not found in signet-ring cell carcinoma cases (χ=9.69, P=0.002). Target ring sign in contrast-enhanced scan was observed in 15.2%(7/46) of signet-ring cell carcinoma cases, while in none of mucinous adenocarcinoma cases (χ=17.37, P=0.000). There were no statistically significant differences in lesion location, length and thickness of the involved intestinal wall, occurrence of intestinal obstruction, lymph node metastasis, liver or peritoneum metastasis between two groups(all P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSignet-ring cell carcinoma is often found in younger patients, whose CT manifestation is characterized by the target ring sign in contrast-enhanced scan, while primary colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma is often in older patients, whose CT manifestation is characterized by calcification in unenhanced scan and low density region in enhanced CT show.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Calcinosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; China ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods