A 3D printed patient-specific surgical guide plate is an auxiliary device made with the help of computer-aided design and 3D printing technology according to a surgical plan. It is used in reduction and internal fixation of fracture and specific corrective osteotomy as well. It is very adaptive as it has been widely used in trauma surgery, joint surgery and spine surgery, as well as in surgical treatment of bone tumors. Digital orthopedic technology is an important means to realize orthopedic precision medicine. This paper reviews the technical advantages, applications, main problems and future prospects of 3D printed patient-specific surgical guide plates in the field of orthopedics based on the recent literature.

OBJECTIVE: To improve the diagnostic and therapeutic efficiency for secondary laryngeal tuberculosis through an analysis on the clinical features of patients with this disease. METHOD: A retrospective study was made among 49 cases with laryngeal tuberculosis treated in Tibetan General Hospital of Chinese PLA, and the clinical data were carefully analyzed to summarize the clinical experience of this disease. RESULT: Of 49 patients, 24 cases had 1 year history, 11 cases had 1 to 3 years, 9 cases had 3 to 5 years, 5 cases had 5 years or more. Thirty-eight patients had the history of tuberculosis and 11 had none. Thirty-four patients had taken anti-tuberculosis drugs but none had standard therapy as demanded. All cases had mild general symptoms (mild fever, night sweats, weight loss, et al) and atypical local symptoms (hoarseness, sore throat). Therefore, 42 cases were misdiagnosed as non-specific chronic laryngitis, of which 15 cases got worse after oral administration or inhaling of steroid hormones. Seven persons were misdiagnosed as laryngeal cancer. All patients were confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis by X ray exam or CT scanning. Twelve cases had strong positive PPD tests and 2 cases were detected positive by sputum smear. All patients was treated by standard systematic and local chemical therapy against tuberculosis (inhaling of antituberculosis drugs for 1 to 2 months). All were cured but one died in a road accident, and none had recurrence after 1- to 9- year follow-up. CONCLUSION All of those the patients with long period hoarseness and sore throat should take chest CT scan or X-ray exam for the highest incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis at high altitudes. CT scanning is the prefer for its high resolution. Pathological biopsy and diagnostic therapy should be taken to make accurate diagnosis. Usually steroid hormones should not be recommended.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Altitude ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibet ; Tuberculosis, Laryngeal ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Young Adult

We investigated the enhanced immune response of a recombinant T cell immunogen as an effective cellular immune adjuvant. The T cell immunogen named TI contained several T cell epitopes from the VP1, VP4, 3A and 3D proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and two pan-T helper (T(H)) cell sites to broaden the immunogenicity of the protein. Meanwhile, another fusion protein named OA-VP1 was expressed in bacteria, which contained two VP1 proteins of O and Asia1 type FMDV. Mice were vaccinated with commercially inactivated vaccine or OA-VP1 protein with or without the TI immunogen. The results show that mice inoculated with inactivated vaccine or OA-VP1 protein supplemented with TI immunogen produced significantly higher level of neutralizing antibodies (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) than the mice only inoculated with inactivated vaccine or OA-VP1 protein by microneutralization assay. An obvious increase in T cell number by flow cytometric analysis and significantly higher concentration of IFN-gamma secreted in culture media of spleen lymphocytes were observed in groups supplemented with TI immunogen (P < 0.01). TI immunogen was an effective stimulator for humoral and cellular immunity and could help improve the immunogenicity of inactivated vaccine or protein subunit vaccine.
Adjuvants, Immunologic ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Capsid Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte ; genetics ; immunology ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease ; immunology ; prevention & control ; virology ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus ; immunology ; Immunization ; Mice ; Viral Vaccines ; genetics ; immunology ; pharmacology

During coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic, the treatment of severe trauma has been impacted. The Consensus on emergency surgery and infection prevention and control for severe trauma patients with 2019 novel corona virus pneumonia was published online on February 12, 2020, providing a strong guidance for the emergency treatment of severe trauma and the self-protection of medical staffs in the early stage of the epidemic. With the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council renaming "novel coronavirus pneumonia" to "novel coronavirus infection" and the infection being managed with measures against class B infectious diseases since January 8, 2023, the consensus published in 2020 is no longer applicable to the emergency treatment of severe trauma in the new stage of epidemic prevention and control. In this context, led by the Chinese Traumatology Association, Chinese Trauma Surgeon Association, Trauma Medicine Branch of Chinese International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Traumatology, the Chinese expert consensus on emergency surgery for severe trauma and infection prevention during coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic ( version 2023) is formulated to ensure the effectiveness and safety in the treatment of severe trauma in the new stage. Based on the policy of the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council and by using evidence-based medical evidence as well as Delphi expert consultation and voting, 16 recommendations are put forward from the four aspects of the related definitions, infection prevention, preoperative assessment and preparation, emergency operation and postoperative management, hoping to provide a reference for severe trauma care in the new stage of the epidemic prevention and control.

Antigenic purity is important for quality control of the foot-and-mouth (FMD) whole virus inactivated vaccine. The recommended method for evaluation the antigenic purity of FMD vaccine is to check the serum conversion to non-structural protein (NSP) 3AB antibody after 2 to 3 times inoculation of animals with inactivated vaccine. In this study, we developed a quantitative ELISA to detect the amount of residual 3AB in vaccine antigen, to provide a reference to evaluate the antigenic purity of FMD vaccine. Monoclonal antibody (Mab) of NSP 3A and HRP-conjugated Mab of NSP 3B were used to establish a sandwich ELISA to quantify the NSP 3AB in vaccine antigen of FMD. Purified NSP 3AB expressed in Escherichia coli was serially diluted and detected to draw the standard curve. The detectable limit was determined to be the lowest concentration of standard where the ratio of its OD value to OD blank well was not less than 2.0. Results: The OD value was linearly corelated with the concentration of 3AB protein within the range between 4.7 and 600 ng/mL. The correlation coefficient R² is greater than 0.99, and the lowest detectable limit is 4.7 ng/mL. The amount of 3AB protein in non-purified inactivated virus antigen was detected between 9.3 and 200 ng/mL depending on the 12 different virus strains, whereas the amount of 3AB in purified virus antigen was below the lowest detectable limit. The amount of 3AB in 9 batches of commercial FMD vaccine antigens was between 9.0 and 74 ng/mL, whereas it was below the detectable limit in other 24 batches of commercial vaccine antigens. Conclusion: the sandwich ELISA established in this study is specific and sensitive to detect the content of 3AB protein in vaccine antigen of FMD, which will be a useful method for evaluation of the antigenic purity and quality control of FMD inactivated vaccine.
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease/prevention & control* ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics* ; Viral Vaccines