Objective To test the expression of serine/arginine rich splicing factor 1(SRSF1)and apoptosis inhibiting factor(Survivin) in prostate cancer,and study their correlation with the pathological features of prostate cancer,so as to put forward the new targets in the treatment of prostate cancer. Methods SRSF1 and Survivin protein was determined in 20 prostate tissue samples including prostate cancer(n=12)and benign prostat?ic hyperplasia(n=8)by immunohistochemical SP method. SRSF1 and Survivin was correlated to pathological features,and both the relevance was analyzed(no related reports at home and abroad). Results The positive expression rate of SRSF1 protein in prostate cancer tissue cells was 76.37± 5.06%,which was significantly higher than that of benign prostatic hyperplasia(11.30%±1.09%,P<0.05);the positive expression rate of Survivin protein in prostate cancer tissue cells was 86.93%±3.21%,which was significantly higher than that of benign prostatic hyperplasia(17.67%±1.99%, P<0.05);SRSF1 and Survivin protein expressed in prostate cancer organizations and were positively correlated to pathological Gleason grading, and there was significant correlation(P<0.05). Conclusion SRSF1 and Survivin protein were highly expressed in adenocarcinoma tissue,which were significantly increased than that of benign hyperplasia of prostate tissue. The positive expression SRSF1 and Survivin protein were positively cor?related to pathological Gleason grading.The expression of Survivin protein was elevated with the expression of SRSF1 protein in prostate cancer. These preliminary evidence indicated that SRSF1 may up?regulate the expression of Survivin,and thus promote the occurrence and development of prostate cancer.

Objective To study the influence of various doses and injection rates of contrast agent on CT perfusion in rabbits' liver with a deconvolution mathematical model. Methods Eight rabbits were enrolled in the experiment. Randomized block design was adopted. The treatment factor (contrast medium injection rate) was classified into 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 ml/s, while the subjects were divided into 3 blocks with contrast medium injection dose of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ml/kg. The data obtained at CT perfusion imaging were then transferred to the workstation. Absolute values of 7 perfusion parameters (hepatic arterior fraction, blood flow, blood volume, permeability surface, mean transmit time, hepatic artery perfusion and portal vein perfusion) were measured with perfusion software (Perfusion 3). Results The dose of contrast medium had significant effect on peak enhancement of the aorta, the portal vein and liver tissue (P<0.05), whereas the injection rates had significant influence on the arrival time to peak enhancement of the aorta and the portal vein. However, the dose of contrast medium and injection rates had no significant effect on perfusion parameters (P>0.05). Conclusion CT perfusion imaging with a deconvolution mathematical model can quantify the hemodynamic functional status in liver with stable results. This technique does not need strict confinement to dose and injection rate of contrast medium, and has great potential value to be put into clinical use.

Objective To review the clinical characteristics of H1N1 influenza A, and suggest the clinical practices for the diagnosis and treatment of H1N1 influenza A in the future. Methods Thirty-three cases of H1N1 influenza A hospitalized in Beijing Ditan Hospital from May 15 to June 22, 2009 were studied and the clinical data were statistically analyzed with SPSS 11.0 for Windows. Results Twenty-five of the 33 patients had a history of travelling in America, Canada, Japan etc within a week; the latent period was between 1 and 6 days in 12 close contact patients. The main symptoms of H1N1 influenza A are fever (66.7%), dry cough (60.6%), cough with sputum (42.4%) and sore throat (36.4%). The laboratory tests in 24 cases(72.7%) were normal, while mild abnormal results were found in the remaining patients.All of the 33 cases were discharged according to the Standard of Diagnosis and Treatment of H1N1 Influenza A published by The Minister of Health, China. The period between 2-consecutive negative results in viral nucleic acid RT-PCR detection and the presenting symptom was 2 to 16 days and the period of hospitalization was 3 to 16 days. Conclusion The new type of H1N1 influenza A is characterised by mild symptoms, short period of hospitalization and good prognosis. All the patients can be cured, if they do not suffer from other severe chronic disease.

AIM:To explore the therapeutic effect of a novel Rho kinase inhibitor WAR 5 on the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and its possible mechanism.METHODS: Female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into EAE group and WAR5 group.EAE model was induced by the application of MOG 35-55 peptide.WAR5 was in-jected intraperitoneally every other day from post-immunization (PI) day 3 to PI day 27.The clinical score and body weight were recorded every other day .On PI day 28, the animals were sacrificed and spinal cords were obtained for HE and mye-lin staining .The splenocytes were isolated and the expression of CD 16/32 and CD206 were analyzed by flow cytometry . The protein extracts from the brains and spinal cords were collected for the measurement of inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS) by Western blotting .RESULTS:The administration of WAR 5 delayed the onset of EAE and attenuated the clini-cal symptoms .The results of the pathological examination revealed that WAR 5 inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells and improved myelination in spinal cords , accompanied with the poralization of M 1 macrophages to M2 phenotype in the spleen.WAR5 inhibited the expression of iNOS in the central nervous system , especially in the spinal cords .CON-CLUSION:The therapeutic effect of WAR5 on EAE may be related to the shift of M1 macrophages to M2 phenotype and inhibition of inflammation in the central nerve system .

Objective To explore the differential expression of protein in the serum of individuals susceptible to noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) susceptible individuals working in the military tunnel.Methods A total of 40 soldiers from one tunnel construction troop were divided into the susceptible group and the nonsusceptible group.Twenty soldiers were selected for each group.The average age of the susceptible group was 24.79±2.03 years old and their thresholds of the speech and high frequencies were 22.43±8.31 dB HL and 48.55± 11.54 dB HL,respectively.The average age of the nonsusceptible group was 23.67 ± 3.56 years old and their thresholds of the speech and high frequencies were 13.40±4.13 dB HL and 9.40±2.54 dB HL,respectively.Five microliter peripheral venous blood samples were collected from each individual Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and MALDI-TOF-MS were used to separate and identify the differentially expressed proteins.Results Thirty-seven protein spots differentially expressing between the NIHL susceptible and nonsusceptible were found after 2 DE.Compared by mascort score,10 differential proteins were harvested.Among these,5 peptides including proteasome subunit alpha-5,complement C4-A,haptoglobin,apolipoprotein A-I and vitronectin were upregulated,and other 5 ones,including Lysozyme C,beta-2 glycoprotein-1,pigment epithelium derived factor,35 kDa trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H and transthyretin were downregulated in NIHL susceptible individuals.The differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The differentially expressed proteins were closely related to oxidative stress responses in susceptible individuals,including proteasome subunit alpha-5,complement C4A,haptoglobin,apolipoprotein A-I,beta-2 glycoprotein-1,pigment epithelium derived factor,35 kDa trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H and transthyretin.They might participate in the occurrence of NIHL through this way.The proteins harvested from this study were expected to be specific candidate serum NIHL susceptibility biomarkers in blood to help screen susceptible individuals.

Hydronephrosis caused by ureteropelvic junction obstruction(UPJO) is a common urinary abnormality in children which involves dilation in the urinary tract due to limitation in urinary drainage.Most cases would resolve spontaneously, but the others who were short of adequate treatment would lead to irreversible renal damage.Ultrasonography is the most common examination for UPJO.However, there exists disagreement in the way to define obstruction accurately or to predict which patient will benefit from surgical intervention by ultrasonography.By reviewing the related national data the authors analyzed the advance on prognosis of ultrasonography and the non-surgical outcomes of UPJO.

Objective To evaluate the observation period and association between the initial visit data including initial APD measured by ultrasonography (USG) and outcome of unilateral hydronephrosis caused by ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) in children.Methods One hundred and ninety-three children with UPJO,who underwent the USG at the initial visit time.There were 155 boys and 38.166 cases in left side and other 27 cases in right side.All cases were divided by initial visit time and initial APD respectively.There were 109 infancy(≤ 12 months),36 toddler(12-36 months),19 preschooler(36-60 months),29 school-age children(＞ 60 months)and 11 cases in normal group (APD ＜ 0.5 cm),47 in mild (0.5 cm≤APD ＜ 1.0 cm),54 in moderate(1.0 cm≤ APD≤ 1.5 cm),81 in sever(APD ＞ 1.5 cm).All the patients were follow up for at least 24 months and divided into two groups depended on whether the patients received the surgery.Results Areas under the receiver operating characteristic plots were 0.924 (95％ CI 0.870-0.977,P ＜ 0.01);sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value were 87.2％,88.9％,87.5％,and 95.5％,respectively,for the cut of APD is ≥ 1.85 cm.Infancy and initial APD ＞ 1.5 cm was the risk factors predicting operation with the hazard ratio of 2.991 (95％ CI 1.328-6.734,P =0.008) and 16.593 (95％ CI 5.893-46.719,P ＜ 0.01),respectively.Operation rate at one year of UPJO,for initial APD ＞ 1.5 cm,initial APD ≤ 1.5 cm,infancy and after infancy,were 43.20％(35/81),2.67％ (3/112),30.27％ (33/109),5.95％ (5/84),respectively.Conclusions Initial USG is an efficient diagnostic tool to detect pathologic hydronephrosis.Initial APD predicts the clinical outcome of UPJO in pediatrics accurately.Further investigation is recommended when initial APD ＞ 1.5 cm.Close observation is needed during the one year after initial visit to detect the deterioration of UPJO,especially in infancy.

Objective:To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of ectopic ureter company with the bladder neck and urethral maldevelopment in children.Methods:The clinical data of the 6 patients admitted to Children’s Hospital affiliated to Chongqing Medical University from September 1993 to April 2019 diagnosed as ectopic ureter company with the bladder neck and urethral maldevelopment were retrospectively reviewed. The 6 children were girls and the median age was 7 years old , ranged from 2 to 15 years old. All children had ectopic ureter, including 3 in left-sided, 1 in right-sided, and 2 in bilateral-sided. Five children presented the intermittent dribbling incontinence and one child presented the continuously incontinence without normal voiding. Through ultrasound, IVP, MRI, cystoscopy and retrograde urography, seven ureters were found ectopic position, including bladder neck in 4 cases, two ureters inserted in the vagina in 2 cases. There were two cases with duplex kidney and 4 cases with renal dysplasia. Preoperative cystoscopy revealed wide and short urethra in 1 case, wide bladder neck combined with wide and short urethra in 4 cases. The surgery type included nephrectomy in cases 1-3, bilateral ureter reimplantation in case 4 who had the bilateral ectopic ureter , bilateral ureter reimplantation and bladder neck reconstruction at the same time in case 5. Nephrectomy associated with bladder neck and urethral reconstruction in case 6.Results:Five patients were followed-up and one patient was lost to follow-up after the first operation. Mean follow-up was 41.2 months (ranging 2 to 84 months). Four patients with bladder neck and maldevelopment that were not solved intraoperatively got reoperations due to incontinence without remission. Case 1, who underwent urethral reconstruction and extension, and urinary incontinence was partially relieved. Case 2 was found to have wide bladder neck deformity, and then retrospectively got bladder neck reconstruction and urethrovaginal fistula repair in 3 years and 5 years later. The urinary incontinence was completely relieved. The ureteral stump of case 3 was resected 2 years after operation due to recurrent urinary tract infection, and then got twice bladder neck and urethral reconstruction in 3 years and 6 years later of nephrectomy. His incontinence was partially relieved. The case 4 got bladder neck and urethral reconstruction in one year after bilateral ureter reimplantation, and incontinence was partially relieved too. Among the two patients underwent combined surgery, the case 5, who got bilateral ureteral bladder replantation combined with bladder neck reconstruction, were lost to follow-up after surgery. The case 6 got dysplasia nephrectomy combined with bladder neck reconstruction and urethroplasty were completely relieved of urinary incontinence.Conclusions:Bladder neck and urethra maldevelopment is one of the main causes of urinary incontinence after surgery in children with ectopic ureter. The diagnosis mainly relies on cystoscopy. The treatment mainly relies on surgery. Bladder neck and urethral reconstruction is expected to be available. If the operative conditions permit, synchronous surgical treatment of ectopic ureter and bladder neck and urethral maldevelopment will get a better prognosis than staging surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the histopathological features of the synovium between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the synovial specimens obtained after synovial surgery in 72 cases of RA and 24 cases of OA. Two independent pathologists reviewed the sections of the synovial tissues with HE staining, quantitatively scored the degree of fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) hyperplasia, vascular hyperplasia, fibroplasia, and lymphocyte infiltration, and examined the presence plasma cell infiltration. The pathological morphology of the synovial tissues was evaluated in relation with the clinical data of the patients. RESULTS: Pannus formation was also detected in the synovium of OA patients, which showed a lesser degree of OA-FLS hyperplasia, fibrosis and lymphocyte infiltration and a significantly lower rate of plasma cell infiltration compared with the pannus in RA patients. Vascular proliferation was also milder in the pannus of OA patients than in RA pannus, but the difference was not statistically significant. In OA patients, the pannus could be observed under a microscope and was difficult to distinguish from that in RA patients. CONCLUSIONS Pannus formation occurs also in the synovium of OA patients but with milder FLS hyperplasia, fibrosis and lymphocyte infiltration and a lower rate of plasma cell infiltration compared with the pannus in RA patients. These differences in the pannus between OA and RA can be of potential value in the diagnosis and treatment of the patients.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; Retrospective Studies ; Synovial Membrane