An analytical method for determination of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) in ligusticum chuanxiong hort by RP-HPLC coupled with countercurrent extraction used for the preconcentration of trace TMP was established. The column was packed with Zorbax ODS (250 mm×4 mm，5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of methanol water (1 % acetic acid)(35∶65)，the flow rate was 0.8 ml/min and detection was performed at 300 nm. The calibration curves showed good linearity over the range of 0.41 μg/ml to 4.1 μg/ml，γ＝0.9993，the recoveries were 92.3 %. The method was simple，fast，sensitive and accurate and could be applied to the analysis of ligusticum chuanxiong hort. The results showed that the content of TMP in ligusticum chuanxionghort were different with different sources.

Objective To investigate the effects of mobility training on mobility and the mRNA levels of both synaptophysin and growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43) in the region around an infarction in rats with acute cerebral infarction. Methods Models of cerebral infarction were created in 100 rats through middle cerebral artery occlusion. They were then randomly divided into training and control groups. The motor skill of the rats was examined using a beam walking test. The mRNA levels of both synaptophysin and GAP-43 in the region around the infarction were observed at the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28th days after model-creation using a semi-quantitive reverse transcrip-tion polymerase chain reaction. Results The rats' mobility scores increased with training, and significant differ-ences were observed between the average scores of the two groups at the 3rd, 7th and 14th days. The scores were higher in the training group. The mRNA levels of both synaptophysin and GAP-43 in the region around the infarction increased significantly from the 1st to the 3rd and 7th days. Synaptophysin mRNA levels were significantly higher in the trained group at each time point, but the levels of GAP-43 mRNA were significantly higher in the trained group only on the 3rd and 7th days. Conclusions Motor skill and the mRNA levels of synaptophysin and GAP-43 in the region around an infarction can be increased by motor skill training, at least in rats with model acute cerebral infarc-tion.

Embolization, Therapeutic ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; therapy ; Portasystemic Shunt, Surgical

[Objective] To learn about the genetic diversity,we studied the five X-chromosomal STR (X-STR) loci in Guangdong Han Nationality Groups.[Methods] The five Loci (DXS6803,DXS981,DXS6809,DXS6789,and DXS7132) were amplified in a pentaplex PCR reaction.PCR products were analyzed using capillary electrophoresis and ABI prism 3100 Genetic Analyzer,with GeneMapper ID 3.1 Analysis Software.[Results] A total of 363 individuals (181 unrelated male and 182 unrelated female) from Guangdong Han population were tested,54 alleles were observed for these loci.Polymorphism information content is 0.6935 ～ 0.8177.Power of discrimination in females was 0.8976 ～ 0.9562.Mean exclusion chance for X-STR in standard trios with daughters was 0.7805 ～ 0.8467.[Conclusion] The five loci in the multiplex system provide high polymorphism information for forensic identification and paternity testing,particularly for difficult paternity deficiency cases.

Objective To clone and express Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. isrealensis(B.t.i.) crystal protein CryIVD gene and determine its mosquito larvicidal activity. Methods The gene encoding CryIVD (2.0 kb or so) was amplified by PCR, the amplified fragment was inserted into E.coli plasmid pUC18 to construct the recombinant cloning and expression vector pUC18 CryIVD, which was named pUC18 1. The ligation was transformed into competent E.coli DH 5? and the recombinant vector pUC18 1 was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. After being inducted by IPTG, the expression of CryIVD gene in positive clone was detected by SDS PAGE and the mosquito larvicidal activity of CryIVD was also determined by standard bioassay. Results The results showed that the CryIVD gene was successfully cloned and expressed in E.coli DH 5? . Mosquito larvicidal activity of engineered E.coli (LC 50 ) to Cx.pipiens pallens and Ae.albopictus Ⅱ-Ⅲ instar larvae was 2.38?10 6 cells/ml and 1.6?10 7cells/ml respectively. Conclusion The CryIVD gene was successfully cloned and expressed, and a high mosquito larvicidal activity was observed.

Objective To learn the acceptance of rural community health workers (CHWs ) following the reform of rural health workers′team building in Pudong New Area.Methods 3 295 CHWs were surveyed with questionnaire for their acceptance of the incentive policies,and chisquare test analysis was used to analyze the differences among CHWs in individual areas.Results Over 80.0% of the CHWs reported that they were motivated by the incentive policies to improve their professional competence, medical service and organizational commitment;40.9% of them reported that the policies improved their social status;and 47.3% of them believed the policies could promote the rural areas to attract and retain talents.When a comparison was made of CHWs′feedbacks on different aspects,significant differences indicated that the proportion of CHWs′positive attitudes was the highest at remote rural communities. Conclusions The rural health workers′team building reform could promote incentive on the CHWs,yet with obvious regional differences.

Objective To explore the prognostic role of laminin (LN ) as a tumor biological marker in predicting the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) related with HBV infection after liver transplantation (LT ) .Methods Tissue samples from 251 HBV-related HCC patients undergoing LT were immunohistochemically stained with anti-LN antibody .The relevant prognostic factors were analyzed using Spearman's rank test , Kaplan-Meier method , log-rank test and multivariate step-wise Cox regression analysis .Results The expressions of LN in tumor tissues were significantly positively correlated with tumor number (P=0 .00) ,microsatellite (P=0 .02) ,venous invasion (P=0 .048) ,pTNM tumor stage (P=0 .00) ,pre-LT serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) level (P=0 .00) ,HBV DNA level (P= 0 .02) ,HBeAg level (P= 0 .02) and tumor recurrence (P= 0 .00) respectively .Significant differences existed in 1/3/5-year overall survival or tumor recurrence-free survival rate post-LT among LN different expression (-,+ ,≥ + + ) in HBV-related HCC patients (P< 0 .05 ) . Multivariate analysis indicated that LN was a significantly independent predictor in predicting poor tumor recurrence-free survival post-LT (P=0 .01) .Conclusions LN may be a feasible marker in predicting HCC recurrence post-LT for HBV-related HCC patients .

BACKGROUNDInsulin resistance (IR) plays an important pathophysiological role in the development of diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, IR can occur even in non-obese people without diabetes. However, direct detection of IR is complicated. In order to find a simple surrogate marker of IR early in non-obese people, we investigate the association of commonly-used biochemical markers (liver enzymes and lipid profiles) with IR in urban middle-aged and older non-obese Chinese without diabetes.

METHODSThis cross-sectional study included 1 987 subjects (1 473 women). Fasting blood samples were collected for measurement of glucose, insulin, liver enzymes, lipid profiles and creatinine. Subjects whose homeostasis model of assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) index values exceeded the 75th percentile (2.67 for women and 2.48 for men) of the population were considered to have IR. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to compare the power of potential markers in identifying IR.

RESULTSTriglycerides (TG) and ratio of TG to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) discriminated IR better than other indexes for both sexes; areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC) values were 0.770 (95% confidence interval 0.733-0.807) and 0.772 (0.736-0.809), respectively, for women and 0.754 (0.664-0.844) and 0.756 (0.672-0.840), respectively, for men. To identify IR, the optimal cut-offs for TG and TG/HDL-C ratio were 1.315 mmol/L (sensitivity 74.3%, specificity 71.0%) and 0.873 (sensitivity 70.1%, specificity 73.4%), respectively, for women, and 1.275 mmol/L (sensitivity 66.7%, specificity 74.4%) and 0.812 (sensitivity 75.8%, specificity 69.2%), respectively, for men.

CONCLUSIONTG and TG/HDL-C ratio could be used to identify IR in urban middle-aged and older non-obese Chinese without diabetes.

Aged ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; physiology ; Liver ; enzymology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Triglycerides ; blood