BACKGROUND:Titanium al oy with good biocompatibility, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties have been widely used in clinic. How to give its excel ent antibacterial properties so as to cope with plant-associated infections has become a research focus in recent years. OBJECTIVE:To review the principle, techniques, classification and relative merits of antimicrobial coating. METHODS:A computer-based search of Scopus database and VIP database was performed by the first author to retrieve relevant articles published from January 1990 to January 2014 using the keywords of“titanium al oy, plant, antibacterial, coating”. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Coatings can be classified into antibiotic coating, non-antibiotic organic antimicrobial coating, inorganic antibacterial coating, anti-adhesion coating, antibacterial bioactive polymer coating, al of which have better biocompatibility, but also have their limitations. Current studies concerning antimicrobial coatings mainly focus on how to enhance the binding force between antimicrobial coating and the substrate as wel as how to get a good anti-bacterial ability, biocompatibility, high wear resistance and persistence;antibacterial phase structure and distribution effects on the bacterial colonization. The antibacterial phase structure and distribution is the key factor for the antimicrobial properties of titanium al oys with either entirely added anti-bacterial elements or surface coating.

BACKGROUND: Current numerous studies have confirmed that silver nanoparticles have been extensively applied due to their good anti-bacterial performances. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the overseas and domestic research and development of anti-bacterial silver coating based on the anti-bacterial mechanism and bio-safety of silver nanoparticles as wel as progression of anti-bacterial silver coating. METHODS: The first author retrieved the databases of Web of Science, PubMed and CNKI for relative articles published from January 1976 to January 2015. The keywords were “silver nanoparticles, titanium al oy, implant, antibacterial properties, biosecurity, coating” in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Because of their smal dimension and quantum effects, as wel as great specific surface area, silver nanoparticles can be in close contact with pathogenic microorganisms to exert biological effects. Additional y, silver nanoparticles exhibit the excellent resistance to bacteria, fungi, viruses and cancer cel s. However, most of their mechanisms of biological effects remain unclear, and there are unresolved problems about the slow-release time of silver nanoparticles in vivo and how to control the slow-release silver ions. Besides, there are fewer long-term animal experiments. Therefore, a large number of laboratory and clinical studies are needed to ensure that silver nanoparticles cannot cause adverse reactions during long-term administration and how to reduce their toxicity.

Objective To evaluate the reliability and accuracy of three-dimensional digital fusion anatomy in the preoperative evaluation and therapeutic strategy choice of intracranial tumors.Methods MRI scan,including regular MRI,MRA,MRV and DTI,were performed in 87 case.Then tumor themselves as well as tumor-associated structures were reconstructed and fused through iPlan 2.6 software.Based on the reconstructed images,therapeutic strategy were established,preoperative and intraoperative imags were compared.Results The digital reconstruction were successfully finished in all cases.Meanwhile,digital images,originally radiological images and actual images matched well.No approach-associated complication were met in our series.Among tumors in the convexity,the relationship of the reflux veins and the tumors were divided into three types:anterior(12 cases),posterior(19 cases) and overriding(3 cases).All of the relationships were seen in the preoperative fusion image,and the veins were all effectively protected during operation.The tumor-associated arteries could be pushed or wraped by the tumors,and the three-dimensional fusion image could provided their virtually aberrant pathway as well as their relationship with tumor.During microsurgical managment of tumors in the deep brain parenchyma,safe approach were found with the help of comprehensive understanding of the tumors and their adjacent structures.Conclusion Three-dimensional digital fusion anatomy can vividly and accurately display full rang of information about the tumor,and facilitate tumor treatment safely.

Objective:To investigate the clinical curative effect of vitreous cavity injection combined with transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy on the patients with poliferative diabetic retinopathy.Methods:80 patients with diabetic retinopathy were enrolled in our hospital from January 2014 to January 2016,in which contained 83 sicked eyes,and randomly divided into two groups.Group A (n=40,42 sicked eyes) accepted 25G transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy,and Group B (n=40,41 sicked eyes) adopted intravitreal injection of conbercept based on patients in Group A.The operative conditions,best-corrected visual acuity (BCV) and retinal thickness were compared between two groups,and the incidence of adverse reactions within postoperative 1 month were recorded and analyzed.Results:The operation time of group B was significantly shorter than that of group A (P＜0.05).The percentage of using electric coagulation,operative bleeding and iatrogenic fracture space in group B were significantly lower than of those group A (P＜0.05).The percentage of neovascularization vanish in group B was significantly higher than that of group A (P＜0.05).The BVCA of patients in group B in postoperative 1 month and 3 month were higher than those of group A (P＜0.05).And the thickness of retinal in group B were significantly thinner than those of Group A (P＜0.05).The incidence of vitreous hemorrhage and hyphema in group B were significantly lower than those of Group A (P＜0.05).Conclusions:Vitreous cavity injection combined with transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy improved the operative conditions and contributed to the recovery of postoperative visual acuity and retinal in the treatment of patients with poliferative diabetic retinopathy.

OBJECTIVETo develop a HPLC method for the determination of arbutin, bergenin and catechin in Chinese herb Bergenia, and to provide a scientific basis for evaluating the quality and reasonable utilization of the herb.

METHODThe HPLC analysis was achieved by using a C18 column and methanol-water as the mobile phase, with a flow rate of 1.0 mL min(-1), and detected by UV at 275 nm. The contents of arbutin, bergenin and catechin in the different parts of axial root, fibrous root and blade from Bergenia purpurascens and B. crassifolia.

RESULTThe contents of arbutin, bergenin and catechin have a few difference in B. purpurascens and B. crassifolia, and varies significantly in the different part of axial root, fibrous root and blade from some species. The contents of bergenin are higher in axial root, fibrous root, and the content of arbutin is higher in blade.

CONCLUSIONThis HPLC method can be used to determine simultaneously the content of arbutin, bergenin and catechin, and can establish a foundation for scientific study and evaluating the quality of species in Bergenia.

Arbutin ; analysis ; Benzopyrans ; analysis ; Catechin ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Saxifragaceae ; chemistry

Objective To develop a method for the determination of five furostanol saponins(timosaponin N,timosaponin L, timosaponin BⅡ,25R-timosaponin BⅡ,and 25S-officinalisnin-Ⅰ)in rhizome and fibrous root of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. by HPLC with the charged aerosol detector(CAD). Methods The analysis was performed on TechMate C18-ST-II(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)with acetonitrile:water(22:78,V/V),the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and column temperature at 30℃. The Corona parameters were as follows:sampling rate 10 Hz,filter 5 s,and the nebulizer temperature 55℃. Results The approach showed good linearity for five saponins. The correlation coefficients(r2)for calibration curves varied from 0.9992 to 0.9998. The limits of detection(LOD)were 0.28,0.92,0.92,0.92 and 0.92 ng for five steroidal saponins,respectively. The limits of quantitation(LOQ)were found to be 0.92, 2.77,2.77,2.77 and 2.76 ng,respectively. RSD calculated from peak area of precision,repeatability and stability in 48 h were all less than 3.0%. The average recoveries of timosaponin N,timosaponin L,timosaponin BⅡ,25R-timosaponinBⅡ,and 25S-officinalis-nin-Ⅰwere 98.17%,101.37%,98.53%,97.63%,and 98.17%,respectively. Conclusion The developed method is accurate,reli-able,which could be applied to the quality control of multiple components in A. asphodeloides Bge.

OBJECTIVETo study the content of magnoflorine in main species of Epimedii Herba.

METHODUltrasonic extraction, HPLC analysis.

RESULTThe content of magnoflorine of Epimedium leaves range between 0.0029% and 1.688%.

CONCLUSIONThe content of magnoflorine of Epimedium show large differences between species but relatively stable within the species, E. koreanum Nakai is the highest one and E. brevicornu is the lowest.

Aporphines ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Epimedium ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the potential role of disc repositioning and condyle restoration in the treatment of type Ⅲ traumatogenic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis. Methods Eight patients including four females and four males at age range of 7-22 years (mean 13.6 years) were enrolled in this study. The patients suffered from traumatogenic TMJ ankylosis for 1-12 years. The preoperative interincisal opening distances ranged from 2 mm to 10 mm. During surgery, the traumatogenic callus of the lateral condyle process was removed, the condyle process was formed, and then the dislocated disc was sutured to the articular capsule or soft tissues around. Results All patients were followed up for 6-38 months and the last follow-up examination showed that the average interincisal opening distance was 30 mm. No recurrence or TMJ symptoms were found during the period of follow-up. Conclusions Disc repositioning and condyle restoration has the advantages of simple procedures, minor trauma and little recurrence and proves to be a feasible and effective method for the treatment of type Ⅲ traumatogenic TMJ ankylosis.

OBJECTIVETo summarize the clinical efficacy of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (VPS) assisted by neuroendoscopy and laparoscopy for treatment of communicating hydrocephalus.

METHODSFrom January 2010 to January 2014, 209 cases (male 93, female 116) who suffered communicating hydrocephalus performed VPS with neuroendoscopy and laparoscopy in Department of Neurosurgery of People's Liberation Army General Hospital. The age of the patients were from 7 months to 79 years (mean 38.1 years), average duration were 20 days to 4 years (mean (2.4 ± 0.7) months). Neuroendoscopy and laparoscopy were used to help respectively to place shunt catheter to better position, both in the ventricle and peritoneal cavity. The effect of subsequent shunt system survival was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.

RESULTSThere were 209 patients received 255 times of VPS. All operations were successfully completed. No craniotomy or open operation were needed for technical-related complications. Forty-six revisions were performed in all patients. After the operation, 203 patients with hydrocephalus improved at different level after surgery. Thirteen cases occurred intracranial hypotension syndrome and improved after the pressure adjusted. All patients were followed up for 1 month to 4 years, with a median follow-up time of 2.1 years, while the shunt system efficiencies were 91.0%, 86.7%, 83.9% and 82.0% respectively from the end of the 1st year to the end of the 4th year.

CONCLUSIONSFor VPS, neuroendoscopy and laparoscopy can respectively help to place shunt catheter to better position, both in the ventricle and peritoneal cavity. Hence, the combination of these two modalities can reduce the failure rate of shunt catheter insertion and has significant impact on shunt system survival.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Catheters ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; surgery ; Infant ; Laparoscopes ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuroendoscopes ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt ; Young Adult

Objective: To explore the clinical useness of intraoperative functional neuronavigation and fluorescent indocyanine green(ICG) angiography as well as electrophysiological evaluation during microsurgical resection of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM). Methods: A series of 42 consecutive cases with AVM underwent microsurgery by intraoperative functional neuronavigation at Department of Neurosurgery of People′s Liberation Army General Hospital from January 2009 to February 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Of the 42 patients, 29 were males and 13 were females aging from 4 to 62 years (mean age 32.6 years). Preoperative assessment included functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging to identify the relationship between lesions and eloquent areas. The results of images were integrated into three-dimensional datasets to achieve intraoperative microscopic-based functional neuronavigation during AVM resection. Operations involved in motor areas and corticospinal tract were performed under continuous electrophysiological monitoring. ICG angiography was performed at pre-dissection, post-clipping of the feeders, and post-resection of the nidus. FLOW 800 software presented a color map and ICG intensity-time curve to demostrate the vascular architecture. Postoperative digital subtraction angiography was re-examined routinely to evaluate the extent of resection. Clinical outcomes were evaluated with the modified Rankin Scale. Results: All patients underwent surgery under intraoperative navigation. Of the 42 patients, total resection was achieved in 36 cases (85.7%, 36/42) including 14 cases of AVM in eloquent areas. A total of 40 ICG angiographies were successfully performed among 11 patients. Average number of ICG injections per operation was 3.6 (ranging from 3 to 6). Feeders were visualized in 10 patients and drainers were visualized in 9 cases. The post-surgical follow-up period varied from 3 months to 70 months (mean 22.5 months). 83.8% of the patients returned to normal work and life during the followed-up period. Conclusion Combining intraoperative neuronavigation and electrophysiological monitoring, as well as fluorescent ICG angiography contribute to microsurgical resection of cerebral AVM effectively in selecting suitable patients, further avoiding neurologic compromise as well.