Research on the application of ocular response analyzer has become one of the main issues in ophthalmology.The ocular response analyzer has been used in the measurement of ocular bioparameters of glaucoma,cataract,heretability and refractive surgery.As a newly invented non-contact tonometric device,the ocular response analyzer is helpful not only in the measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP),but also in the determination and calculation of two corneal biomechanical properties:corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF).It offers the possibility of measuring corneal biomechanical properties in vivo.This article primarily reviewed the application of the ocular response analyzer in terms of pre-operative examination and post-operative follow-up in excimer laser surgery.

Objective:To observe the lens zonule infrastructure changes in experimental myopia. Methods; The eye lids were sutured to induce the myopia in guinea pigs and the zonule ultrastructure changes were observed. Results: There were significant differences in the eye axial length and diopter between lid-sutured eyes and controls(P

Objective　To evaluate the effect of modified suction ring in laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK) for special eyeballs.Methods　Those eyeballs that couldn't be sucked successfully with regular suction ring were performed with modified suction ring, and the characteristic of those eyes was analyzed.Results　Fifteen eyes of 9 cases were included in this study and were sucked successfully with modified suction ring with intact corneal flap.Eight eyes of 5 cases had small corneal power especially in the peripheral section. The corneal power in the peripheral section of 7 eyes was less than 41D. Corneal diameter of 1 eye was 9.5mm and 6 eyes of 3 cases had small palpebral fissure.Conclusions　The modified suction ring is safe and effective for those eyes with flat cornea, small corneal diameter and small palpebral fissure.

Objective To investigate the possible roles of Cyclin A and P21 in the pathogenesis and development of endometriosis.Methods Twenty-five specimens of eutopic endometrium and twenty-eight specimens of ectopic endometrial tissues were obtained from 28 patients with endometriosis (observation group).Thirty-five specimens of endometrium were also obtained from women with other benign diseases (control group).Cyclin A and P21 were detected by Western blotting,RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.Results The expression level of cyclin A mRNA in ectopic endometrium were (1.24?0.10) at the proliferative phase and (1.33?0.21) at the secretory phase,significantly higher than that in the eutopic endometrium tissues (0.72?0.26,0.42?0.22),control group (0.68?0.09,0.35?0.06) (P0.05).The expression level of P21 mRNA in control group were (0.21?0.01) at the proliferative phase and (0.54?0.35) at the secretory phase,significantly higher than that in the eutopic endometrium tissues (0.09?0.06,0.28?0.02) and in the ectopic endometrium (0.06?0.01,0.13?0.00) (P0.05).In the ectopic endometrium they had negatively spearman correlation (r=-0.738,P

Objective To investigate the expressions and significances of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN),the matrix metalloproteinases-2,-9 (MMP-2,-9),and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in endometriosis (EM). Methods The expressions of the EMMPRIN,MMP-2,MMP-9 and VEGF were detected by SABC immunohistochemistry in 57 tissue samples of ectopic endometrium and 51 samples of eutopic endometrium obtained from 57 EM patients,and in 48 normal endometrium from patients with non-endometriosis. Correlation analysis was carried out on the expressions of these proteins and pathologic staging. Results The EMMPRIN,MMP-2,MMP-9 and VEGF in ectopic endometrium were expressed at significantly higher levels (0.723?0.114,0.729?0.109,0.692?0.089,0.704?0.103,respectively) than those in eutopic endometrium group (0.396?0.097,0.365?0.023,0.349?0.030,0.370?0.129,respectively,P

Ophthalmology belongs to microsurgical subject and anatomy is intricate. In clinical practice, students are required to skillfully use eye examination equipment. The foreign students from Medical School of Vienna University are eager to learn and know theoretical knowledge very well. Department of ophthalmology has developed specific and individualized teaching plans according to the characteristics and needs of foreign students. Through the configuration of high quality teachers, the practice teaching is ensured. Chinese and foreign students are encouraged to share their knowledge and form a study group. Opportunities for hands-on practice of ophthalmology are increased by using Wetlab condition. Problem-based heuristic teaching is used to stimulate students' learning initiative. Through these teaching measures, the students' quality of clinical practice has been enhanced, the teaching level of clinical ophthalmology has been improved and sustainable development has also been achieved.

Background and purpose: At present, the treatment of elderly patients with ovarian cancer, espe-cially advanced ovarian cancer, tends to be conservative, and elderly patients often can not receive standard treatment. There are few treatment experiences and research data. This study aimed to investigate the treatment outcome, survival and prognostic factors of elderly patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data for women older than 65 years diagnosed with stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ epithelial ovarian cancer between Apr. 2008 to Dec. 2012 in Chongqing Cancer Hospital. Results: Of the 181 women who met study criteria, 8.8％ received no treatment, 12.7％ underwent surgery alone, 15.5％ received chemotherapy alone, 33.2％ underwent non-standard treatment, 29.8％ underwent standard treatment. Baseline comparison of different treatment methods showed that the proportion of patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was lower in the standard treatment group. After Correcting the effect of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, the median survival time of standard treatment (48 months) and the median survival time of non-standard treatment (47 months) were significantly longer than that of the other treatment groups (P<0.001). The median survival time of chemotherapy alone (26 months) was significantly longer than that of the surgery alone and untreated group (P<0.001), while the median survival time of surgery alone was similar to untreated group (9 months vs 8 months, P=0.269). Multivariate analysis using Cox model showed that treatment, residual lesion size, cardio-cerebrovascular diseases significantly impacted on survival time. Conclusion: Standard treatment was still the key factor for the best survival of elderly women with advanced ovarian cancer. When this is not offered or possible, chemother-apy alone offers better survival than surgery alone. However, surgery alone does not improve prognosis.

Objective To observe curative effect of olopatadine in treatment of allergic conjunctivitis combined with frequently winking in children. Design Prospective case series. Participants Ninety seven children with frequently winking aged 3-12 years in Shanghai Eye and ENT Hospital. Methods According to the factor in causation of frequently winking (FW), 97 children were divided into allergic conjunctivitis (AC) group, trichiasis combined AC group, AC with tics group, trichiasis group, tics group and unknown cau-sation group after clinical examination. The first 3 groups with AC were treated with olopatadine 0.1% ophthalmic solution b.I.d.(n=35) and emedastine 0.05% ophthalmic solution was used q.I.d, in AC group as control(n=32). The patients were followed after 3 weeks and the extent of symptoms of FW was recorded. Main Outcome Measures Extent of the symptoms of FW. Result The effective rate of olopatadine in treating FW caused by AC or AC combined with other diseases was 80.43%. The effective rate in FW children caused mainly by AC was 82.86% which was higher than that of control drug emedastine (75.0%) (P=0.02). Seven cure cases were all in olopatadine treating group. Conclusion AC is the most common and main causative factor in FW children. Early use of olopatadine ophthalmic drop can effectively alleviate FW symptoms. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2009, 18: 272-274)

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) in controlling myopia in children and its effect on retinal blood flow. Methods: Sixty-eight myopic children were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 34 cases in each group. The control group was given auricular acupressure treatment alone, and the observation group was treated with EA once a week in addition to the treatment used in the control group. The spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial length (AL) were measured at baseline, and after 3 months and 6 months of treatment. Optical coherence tomography angiography was used to measure the vessel density (VD) and perfusion density (PD) in the surface layer of the retina. Results: After 3 months and 6 months of treatment, the changes in SER between the two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). After 3 months of treatment, the changes in AL between the two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05); after 6 months of treatment, the change amount of AL in the observation group was smaller than that in the control group (P<0.05); after 3 months and 6 months of treatment, the changes in VD and PD in the surface layer of the retina in the observation group were significantly greater than those in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: EA treatment once a week for 6 months can delay the increase of AL and improve the retinal surface blood flow in myopic children.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the distribution, changes and a possible role for retinal dopamine transporter (DAT) in experimental myopia in chickens.

METHODSTwo-day-old chickens were divided into four groups. Chicken eyes were fitted with lenses of -10D,-20D and translucent goggles unilaterally. Normal eyes were used as controls. After 3 wk, all chickens were given an intramuscular injection of (125)I-beta-CIT 2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl)tropane and sacrificed two hours post injection. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the neural retina were obtained together or RPE was dissected out from the neural retina. Radioactive DAT from each specimen was assayed by gamma-counter.

RESULTSRetinal DAT was detected in RPE specimens rather than in the neural retina in all eyes. Radioactive DAT in myopic eyes was higher, compared with control eyes.

CONCLUSIONSRetinal DAT is mainly located in the RPE and may be involved in the formation of lens induced myopia (LIM) and form deprivation myopia (FDM). These methods may provide a new approach for further studying the role of the dopamine system in experimental myopia.

Animals ; Chickens ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; Eye ; growth & development ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; analysis ; physiology ; Myopia ; metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Retina ; chemistry