Objective To study CT features of cerebral paragonimiasis and the values of CT examination.Methods 14 patients with cerebral paragonimisis underwent CT scanning including plain and contrast-enhanced CT scans.The CT findings were analyzed.Results The lesions of most cases were multiple on CT finding and manifested as nodular,hemorrhage and cystoid change and so on.The calcification may be appeared in cyst.Most of lesions were mixed change.There were no enhancement or spotted or ringshape enhancement .Conclusion CT variable findings of above multiple lesions in childhood brain may suggest as paragonimiasis,CT findings are corresponding to pathological change of cerebral paragonimiasis.

Objective To evaluate whether an early change in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake can predict tumor response to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) and prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods From August 2009 to April 2015, 22 patients with NSCLC who were eligible to EGFR-TKI treatment were enrolled. PET-CT scan was performed before (baseline) and 1 month after EGFR-TKI administration. Up to 5 hottest single tumor lesions (no more than 2 per organ) were considered to be target lesions. Maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) were measured, and post-treatment percentage changes in SUVmax (ΔSUV%) were calculated. PET responses were classified using PET response criteria in solid tumors (PERCIST). Then conventional CT scan was performed every 2 months for follow-up. Kappa statistic was used to compare agreement between the RERCIST recommendations-based therapeutic response evaluation and those based on RECIST1.1 criteria. Fisher exact test was used to compare the probability of disease progression in the early metabolic response and non-response groups. Predictive accuracy of ΔSUV% with respect to response or non-progression at CT scan was evaluated by ROC analysis. Progression-free survival (PFS) was determined by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and between-group comparison was performed by log-rank test. Results After 1 month of EGFR-TKI treatment, 12 patients (55%) showed partial metabolic response (PMR), 6 (27%) had stable metabolic disease (SMD), and 4 (18%) had progressive metabolic disease (PMD). There was a moderate agreement(Kappa=0.506,P<0.05) between PET response at 1 month based on PERCIST recommendations and CT response at 3 months according to RECIST 1.1. Non-progression was significantly more frequent in patients with an early PMR (χ2=11.941, P=0.005). Progression had been confirmed later during therapy in all patients with PMD . By using ROC analysis, the area under the curve for prediction of response was 0.906 (95% CI, 0.766—1.000; P=0.002), corresponding to a sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 84.6% at a cut-off of 40.36% in ΔSUV%. Using a cut-off value of 25.84% in ΔSUV%, highΔSUV% group (ΔSUV% ≥ 25.84%) had significantly longer PFS than low ΔSUV% group (ΔSUV%<25.84%). Conclusion Early assessment of PET-CT at 1 month of EGFR-TKI treatment could be useful to predict tumor response and clinical outcome in patients with NSCLC.

In this study, laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) was used to determine the location and relative quantity of flavonoids in the leaves of Apocynum venetum L. from the top, middle and basal parts of the branch. The leaves of the plants of one, two and three years old, separately, were collected in July. ANOVA and LSD test were employed in the statistical analysis. The results indicated that flavonoids located mainly in xylem conduit of vein, collenchyma, epidermic cells and cuticle. The data of flavonoids contents under statistical analysis showed that difference existed in the leaves of different parts and different ages. This study provided the reliable scientific material about the analysis of the ecological and the exploitation of the leaves of Apocynum venetom L.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for simultaneous determination of 21 inorganic elements in Hypericum japoni-cum. METHODS:ICP-MS method was adopted. The power was 1300 W;flow rate of cooling gas was 1.5 L/min;flow rate of carrier gas was 0.8 L/min;flow rate of auxiliary gas was 0.2 L/min;integration time was 10 s;delay time of 1 s;repetition times was one time;measurement mode was standard curve method. SPSS 16.0 statistical software was used for relationship analysis and main component analysis. RESULTS:The linear range of iron,magnesium,calcium,aluminum,potassium,sodium,zinc,co-balt,nickel,barium,manganese,phosphorus,selenium,titanium,strontium,copper,arsenic,cadmium,chromium,lead,mer-cury were 50-250 μg/mL(r=0.9972),25-100 μg/mL(r=0.9989),25-100 μg/mL(r=0.9977),2.5-15 μg/mL(r=0.9996), 25-150 μg/mL(r=0.9991),2.5-15 μg/mL(r=0.9999),2.5-10 μg/mL(r=0.9999),2.5-10 μg/mL(r=0.9999),2.5-10 μg/mL(r=0.9999),2.5-10 μg/mL(r=0. 0.9999),2.5-10 μg/mL(r=0.9998),2.5-10 μg/mL(r=0.9996),0.5-2 μg/mL(r=0.9995),2.5-10μg/mL(r=0.9999),0.5-2 μg/mL(r=0.9983),2.5-10 μg/mL(r=0.9997),2.5-10 μg/mL(r=0.9999),2.5-10 μg/mL(r=0.9999), 2.5-10 μg/mL(r=0.9999),0.05-0.2 μg/mL(r=0.9992),0.05-0.2 μg/mL(r=0.9997),respectively. RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 5.0%. The recoveries were 93.9%-106.9%(RSD were 0.22%-2.94%,n=6).CONCLU-SIONS:The method is simple,precise,stable and reproducible,and can be used for simultaneous determination of 21 inorganic el-ements in H. japonicum.

BACKGROUNDTo evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of domestic paclitaxel-based regimens in the treatment of advanced lung cancer.

METHODSDomestic paclitaxel 135-175 mg/m² on day 1 of a 21-day cycle or 45-70 mg/m² on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 21-day or 28-day cycle. The domestic paclitaxel was respectively combined with platinum or ifosfamide to treat patients with non-small cell lung cancer (2 cases in stage IIIB, 25 in stage stage IV) or small cell lung cancer (1 extensive case, 3 limited cases).

RESULTSThere were 29 cases to be evaluated, complete response wasn't observed, partial response rate was 31.0% (9/29). The response rate for initial and retreated patients was 38.5% (5/13) and 25.0% (4/16) (P=0.688) respectively. The response rate of non-small cell lung cancer was 24.0% (6/25) and small cell lung cancer's was 3/4. The common adverse effects were hematological toxicity (28/31, 90.3%) and nausea/vomiting (28/31, 90.3%).

CONCLUSIONSCombined chemotherapy including domestic paclitaxel has better curative effect for advanced lung cancer and some tolerable adverse effects.

Lung cancer is a malignant tumor,leading to the highest morbidity and mortality worldwide.Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)accounts for approximately 80% of all lung cancer types.Out of all the patients with advanced NSCLC,more than 40% develop brain metastasis,and lung cancer associated with brain metastasis indicates poor prognosis.Traditional treatment options,such as ra-diotherapy,chemotherapy and surgery,have an extremely limited role in improvement of prognosis of such patients.In recent years, with the development of stereotactic radiotherapy and targeted therapy,particularly chemotherapy combined with targeted therapy, radiotherapy combined with targeted therapy and other types of therapies,NSCLC patients with brain metastases could benefit from these therapies with an improved quality of life and prolonged median overall survival. However, the ideal treatment regimen for NSCLC patients with brain metastases remains controversial.Recent advances in NSCLC with brain metastases will be described elabo-rately in this paper,to provide a theoretical basis for selecting a reasonable treatment plan for non-small lung cancer patients with brain metastasis.

OBJECTIVETo measure the contents of the water-soluble iron, five heavy metals and harmful elements in Magnetiturn and provide a basis for the quality control and safety evaluation of Magnetitum.

METHODIron (Fe), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS); arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) were determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS).

RESULTThe mean content of element iron is 764.30 mg x kg(-1). The contents of five water-soluble heavy metals and harmful elements in Magnetitum were within the safety range. The recovery of the standard addition was in the range of 93.7% - 110.6%, and the RSD was less than 5.0%.

CONCLUSIONAnalyzing the water-soluble iron, heavy metals and harmful elements in Magnetitum is effective to the quality control and the safety evaluation of magnetitum.

BACKGROUNDChemotherapy is the main treatment measure of advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).The aim of this study is to explore the efficacy,toxicity,time to disease progression(TTP) and overall survival under the combined chemotherapy with gemcitabine(GEM) plus cisplatin(DDP) in the treatment of advanced NSCLC.

METHODSRetrospective review was conducted on 79 chemotherapy-naive cases of advanced NSCLC treated with GEM and DDP from October 1999 to November 2005.Among 79 patients,51 were male and 28 female;the median age was 53 years old(ranged from 21 to 74);there were 17 cases of squamous cell carcinoma,53 cases of adenocarcinoma,3 cases of large cell carcinoma,1 case of adeno-sqamous cell carcinoma,5 unidentified cases;there were 26 cases in IIIB stage and 53 cases in IV stage according to AJCC 1997 standard.All patients received GEM 800-1250 mg/m² on days 1 and 8 and DDP 75-80 mg/m² on day 1 or 30 mg/m² for three days by intravenous administration,with 21 days as one cycle.Each patient received 2-4 cycles chemotherapy.

RESULTSThe total clinical reponse rate(complete and partial response) was 31.6%,and clinical benefit rate(complete and partial response and stable disease) was 73.4%.1-year survival rate was 64.9%,2-year survival rate was 32%.After median follow-up of 2.33 years,median TTP was 5.06 months.The main toxicities were nausea,vomitting and hematological toxicities.The rates of grade III to IV leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were 25.4% and 31.6% respectively.Other toxicities were slight and tolerable.

CONCLUSIONSCombined chemotherapy with GEM plus DDP as first-line treatment to advanced NSCLC is an effective and feasible regimen,which is one of the standard regimens.For old patients,this regimen is a good choice.The fit dosage of GEM for Chinese is 1000 mg/m².

The facultative anaerobic and strict anaerobic microorganisms enriched and acclimated during the anaerobic digestion process are crucial for the efficiency of the anaerobic digestion system. Most of the problems encountered during running anaerobic digestion processes could be effectively improved via stimulation of microbial metabolic activity. Benefited from the rapid development of microbiome techniques, deeper insights into the microbial diversity in anaerobic digestion systems, e.g. the microbe-microbe interactions and microbe-environment interactions, have been gained. A complex and intricate metabolic network exists in the anaerobic digestion system of solid organic wastes. However, little is known about these interactions and the underlying mechanisms. This review briefly summarized the representative interactions between microbial communities during anaerobic digestion process discovered to date. In addition, typical issues encountered during the anaerobic digestion of solid organic wastes and how microbes can tackle and alleviate these issues were discussed. Finally, future priorities on microbiome research were proposed based on present contribution of microbiome analysis in anaerobic digestion system.
Anaerobiosis ; Bioreactors ; Methane ; Microbial Interactions ; Microbiota ; Solid Waste