Objective To explore the risk factors for lung cancer-related cerebral infarction . Methods The hospitalized active lung cancer patients on anti-cancer therapy with no traditional stroke risk factors, who experienced an acute cerebral infarct in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2005 to December 2015, were consecutively collected as the LCRS ( lung cancer-related stroke) group.The active lung cancer patients without cerebral infarction hospitalized at the same peroid matched with the LCRS group for age and gender were collected as the LC ( lung cancer ) group. Clinical data from the two groups were analyzed .Results A total of 139 LCRS patients and 139 LC patients were enrolled in the study , with 110 male and 29 female in each group , and there were no significant difference for the mean age between the LCRS group (52.1 ±10.4 years old ) and the LC group (52.1 ± 10.1 years old).Two or more acute ischemic lesions of the brain were showed by MRI in most patients in the LCRS group (117 cases, 84.2%).Compared with the LC group, more patients in the LCRS group were found with adenocarcinoma , metastasis, elevated plasma D-dimer, CA125 and CA199 levels [ 88 cases (63.3%) vs 47 cases (33.8%);98 cases (70.5%) vs 56 cases (40.3%);(468.38 ±291.37) μg/L vs (277.59 ±191.22) μg/L;(221.42 ±146.34) U/ml vs (106.84 ±69.97) U/ml;(254.68 ±185.84) U/ml vs (97.15 ±63.64) U/ml;with all P<0.001].By logistic regression analysis of multiple factors , the elevated plasma D-dimer, CA125 and CA199 levels were showed to be independent risk factors for the cerebral infarction (OR=1.003, 95%CI 1.001 -1.004; OR=1.006, 95%CI 1.003 -1.010; OR=1.011, 95%CI 1.007-1.015).Conclusions The elevated plasma D-dimer, CA125 and CA199 levels are the risk factors for the lung cancer related cerebral infarction , which may lead to hypercoagulation and induce cerebral infarction eventually .