Objective:To compare the expression and biological activity of glucosyl transferases (GTFs)of Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans)under normal outside environment between high temperature requirment serine proteinase A(HtrA)-deficient strains and high virulent strains isolated from children with high cario-susceptibility.Methods:The HtrA-deficient strains and high virulent strains of S.mutans were obtained by preliminary study.The strains were reanimated and incubated in BHI medium to exponential phase at tenth hour.The expression of gtfB,gtfC and gtfD were detected by real-time RT-PCR.The biological activity of the GTFs were detected by entong sulfuric acid method and Western Blot.Results:The expression of gtfs and GTFs in the HtrA-deficient strains was higher than those of high virulent strains,but the biological activity of the GTFs was lower.Conclusion:The HtrA gene plays an important regulatory role in the process of the GTFs expression of S.mutans isolated from children with high cario-susceptibility.

Objective To study the imaging features of the ventricular meningioma, in order to improve the understanding knowledge. Methods Compared with operative and pathological findings,the CT and MRI features of ventricular meningioma were analyzed in 22 patients (8 males and 14 females,range from 17~72 years old with average age 45 years).21 cases were examined by MRI(17 with enhanced scan),11 cases by CT(4 with enhanced scan).Results The ventricular meningioma were mostly fibrous type. Mostly, the locations were in the trigone of the lateral ventricle with regular shape. On imaging, the most were parenchymatous with markedly enhancement. Calcification may be found, but cystic changes and hemorrhage were very rare.Conclusion The ventricular meningiomas have characteristic imaging features. CT and MRI are valuable in diagnosis, especially MRI.

Objective To study the imaging features and the cause of the cystic meningiomas so as to avoid the misdiagnosis and improve the understanding and knowledge. Methods CT and MRI features in 27 pathologically proved cystic meningiomas were analyzed. There were 10 men and 17 women, and the age ranged from 16 to 80 years with the average age of 49 years. Twenty-six patients were examined by using MRI (24 with enhanced scan), and 15 patients by CT (seven with enhanced scan). 15 patients were examined by both CT and MRI. The image features were analyzed according to Nauta and were compared with operative and pathological findings. Results The cystic meningiomas were mostly epithelial type, but fibrous type, angiomatous type, or papillary type may also be seen. Mostly, the locations were cerebral convexity, but tumors of the tentorium, alisphenoid, olfactory groove, and skull base were also seen. And all were sessile. On imaging, most tumors were parenchymatous with cystic parts, and marked enhancement of the parenchymatous part could be seen. Some were entirely cystic with parenchymatous nodule, the nodule enhanced markedly and the wall of the cyst may be or not be enhanced. Of the 27 cases, four cases were NautaⅠ, seven cases were NautaⅡ, one case was Nauta Ⅲ, and ten cases were Nauta Ⅳ. Three were both Nauta Ⅱand Ⅲ in 3 cases, Nauta Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ in 1 and both Nauta Ⅲ and Ⅳ in 1, respectively. Conclusion The cystic meningiomas have characteristic imaging features. CT and MRI, especially MRI, are valuable in the diagnosis.

Objective:To develop an HPLC method for the determination of nintedanib in rabbit plasma and study the pharmacoki-netics of nintedanib in rabbits. Methods:The separation was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column. A mixture of acetoni-trile-0. 1% trifluoroacetic acid-water (35∶ 20∶ 45) was used as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1. The detection wavelength was set at 286 nm. Carbamazepine was used as the internal standard and nintedanib was extracted by ethyl acetate from plasma under basic condition. Totally 6 rabbits were given 20 mg·kg-1 nintedanib with intravenous administration. The blood samples were collected from the auricular vein at different time points after the administration. The concentration of nintedanib in plasma was detected by the HPLC method. The pharmacokinetics parameters were analyzed by DAS program. Results: An excellent linear rela-tionship was obtained within the range of 0. 05-10. 00 μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 8). The intra-day RSD was 5. 55%, 4. 53% and 2. 74%and inter-day RSD was 6. 15%, 5. 45% and 3. 15%, respectively for the three concentrations(0. 10, 2. 50 and 7. 50μg·ml-1), and the relative recovery was (98. 50 ± 5. 47)%, (100. 25 ± 4. 54)% and (99. 94 ± 2. 74)%, respectively. The main pharmacokinetics parameters of nintedanib were as follows: Cmaxwas (3.01 ±0.35) μg·ml-1, t1/2 was (4.38 ±1.53) h and AUC0-t was (11.67 ± 1. 71) μg·h·ml-1 . Conclusion:The method is simple, rapid and accurate, and can be used to determine the nintedanib concentra-tion in rabbit plasma and study its pharmacokinetics. Nintedanib is fitted the first-order elimination kinetics in rabbits.

Inferior vena caval (IVC) tumor thrombus with cardiac extension is a very rare phenomenon,which proliferates fast and could be very challenging to the surgery.This paper was designed to investigate the clinical value of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for the surgical resection of IVC tumor thrombus extending into right cardiac cavities.Six cases from our medical institute,preoperatively diagnosed as IVC tumor thrombus with cardiac extension and scheduled for the surgical resection,were retrospectively analyzed.In addition to real-time and dynamic monitoring,comprehensive TEE exams were performed for all the patients respectively after anesthesia induction,namely before tumor resection and after tumor resection.Cardiac extension was defined by the preoperative finding of cardiac mass originated from IVC tumor thrombus by transthoracic echocardiography,computerized tomography or CT angiography.In all the cases,intraoperative TEE provided an accurate and excellent view of the IVC tumor thrombus.For case three,the IVC tumor thrombus was found at the IVC entrance to right atrium without further cardiac extension; for case five,the IVC tumor thrombus proliferated into right atrium but the extended cardiac mass was very slim and flexible and the tricuspid valve was untouched; for case four,the IVC tumor thrombus extended into right atrium and even cross the tricuspid valve but the extended cardiac mass was also very slim and flexible.Based on the TEE-provided information,the originally scheduled surgical decision was modified and the surgical resection was performed without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).For the other three cases,the intraoperative TEE showed similar results to preoperative findings.The huge IVC tumor thrombus extended into the right heart,presented almost no flexibility and dramatically compromised the intracardiac blood flow.For the three cases,CPB support was indispensable for the tumor resection.The full TEE exam after tumor resection in all the six patients displayed clear surgical resection without tumor residuals,but in those three patients suffered with severely compromised cardiac extension,severe tricuspid regurgitation was noticed.All the six patients were closely monitored until discharged,and no TEE-related complications were observed.This paper reports about TEE' s utilization in a series of consecutive patients undergoing surgical resection of IVC tumor thrombus with cardiac extension.In addition to its safety and effectiveness,TEE can provide valuable information for surgical decision making,surgical intervention assessment and anesthesiamanagement strategies.

To evaluate the immunities of biodegradable microsphere as a release delivery system for DNA vaccine against Infectious Bursal Disease Virus, in our study, silk fibroin/chitosan microsphere adjuvant was prepared with a precipitation/coacervation method. Both glutaraldehyde and Na2SO4 solution were used in cross-linking. No immune chicken were intramuscularly inoculated at 14 day-old and boosted 2 weeks later. The results show that glutaraldehyde destroyed the DNA activity of the vaccine whereas Na2SO4 solution did not. Factors of the chitosan concentration 0.5% (pH 5.0), silk fibroin concentration 0.6%, plasmid DNA (500 microg/mL) dissolved in 2% Na2SO4 solution were optimized to produce microsphere, with a loading capacity of 89.14%. The average particle size of SF-CS/pCI-VP2/4/3 microsphere is 1.98 microm, and it can protect the loading DNA vaccine from DNase I digestion. Data from anti IBDV ELISA antibodies in the serum show that immunization activity of the microsphere groups were generally higher than plasmid vaccine group (P < 0.05), and the SF/CS compound microspheres group was better than that of sole CS microsphere group. The developed SF/CS microspheres are a very promising vaccine delivery system.
Adjuvants, Immunologic ; chemistry ; Animals ; Birnaviridae Infections ; prevention & control ; veterinary ; Chickens ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; Fibroins ; chemistry ; Infectious bursal disease virus ; Microspheres ; Plasmids ; Poultry Diseases ; prevention & control ; Vaccines, DNA ; chemistry ; Viral Vaccines ; chemistry

Objective:Through a study on knowledge, attitudes, and practice of tobacco control of medical staff in Gansu Province, the paper aims to analyze the issues of participation, community tobacco control leadership and other aspects that impact the creation of a smoke-free healthcare system in order to provide a basis for the formulation of policies to improve the health professional mechanism of tobacco control. Methods:The stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to select 34 companies, accounting for a total of 805 medical staff as the study population in all kinds of health institutions. A self-designed questionnaire was adopted to investigate their knowledge, attitudes, and practice via on-site self-administered surveys. Results:the medical staff lacks knowledge as to the depth and breadth of damage from the use of tobacco. Although their attitude towards tobacco control is positive, the comprehensive to-bacco control service capabilities are insufficient. Logistic regression analysis showed that tobacco control capabilities of medical staff is related to their attitude toward smoking and whether or not they discourage smoking or asking about smoking . Conclusion:The key to the creation of a smoke-free health system to lead the community in tobacco control is the targeted tobacco cessation knowledge and skills training of medical staff to reduce smoking rates among medical staff and enhance the awareness of administrative staff.

AIM: To observe the dynamic changes of plasma levels of nitric oxide(NO) and endothelin (ET-1) in portal veins of the rats during prehepatic portal hypertension, and investigate the role of them in hyperdynamic circulation. METHODS: The models of prehepatic portal hypertension were established in Sprague-Dawley rats by means of partial portal vein ligation (PVL). The plasma levels of nitrite/nitrate (NO - 2/NO - 3) and ET-1 in the portal veins were detected by the method of nitric reductase and radioimmunoassay, respectively. In this study, rats were divided into normal, sham operation (SO) and PVL group. SO and PVL rats were divided into several subgroups according to different time after operations. Meanwhile, the changes of several hemodynamic indexes in these rats were also measured. RESULTS: The levels of NO - 2/NO - 3 were significantly increased and ET-1 were significantly decreased in rats at different time after PVL compared with normal control, whereas the hemodynamic indexes changed accordingly. CONCLUSION: The portal hypertensive rats are in hyperdynamic circulatory state (HCS). NO and ET-1 may play an important role in the induction and maintenance of HCS.

Objective To investgate the effects of exenatide on islet β-cell function, insulin sensitivity and glucose-lipid metabolism in insulin resistant rats induced by high-fat-chow. Methods High fat-fed rats were treated with exenatide for 6 weeks. The insulin sensitivity, islet β-cell function and glucose lipid metabolism in awake rats were evaluated by intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT) and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique combined with 3-[3H] glucose as a tracer. In addition, plasma adiponectin level was measured by ELISA. Results Lee′s index and levels of plasma free fatty acids (FFA), triglyceride and total cholesterol were significantly reduced in high fat-fed rats after exenatide treatment for 6 weeks (all P＜0.01). In these rats exenatide also improved IVGTT and ITT, and increased the level of insulin secretion, especially when a high dose was given. In addition, plasma adiponectin level was also significantly increased in the group with high dose exenatide (HFH, P＜0.01). During the clamp steady-state, there were significant increases in plasma FFA and insulin and significant decreases in glucose infusion rate (GIR), glucose disposal rate (GRd) in high-fat group (HF) compared to control group (NC, all P＜0.01). The suppressive effect of insulin on hepatic glucose production (HGP) was significantly blunted (only 26%) in HF group. In HFH group, plasma insulin and FFA levels were significantly decreased (both P＜0.01), GIR and GRd were significantly increased (both all P＜0.01), and HGP was suppressed by 72%. Conclusion It is possible that exenatide pretreatment ameliorates high-fat induced insulin resistance by promoting β-cell insulin secretion, elevating adiponectin level, and improving glucose-lipid metabolism.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of ginkgo leaf tablets in patients with forgotten-type mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and its effect on soluble glycosylated terminal product receptor (sRAGE) and soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor-associated protein 1 (sLRP-1).Methods A total of 124 patients with aMCI were divided into observation group (n =62) and control group (n =62),treated by nimodipine tablets (30 mg) three times a day,ginkgo leaf tablets for 3 times a day,respectively.The changes of MoCA score,levels of sRAGE,sLRP-1 and the occurrence of adverse reactions before and after treatment were compared between the two groups.Results The scores of MoCA were improved in both groups after treatment,and the observation group improved more after treatment,and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.0 5).There was no significant difference in plasma sRAGE and sLRP-1 levels between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05),but the plasma sRAGE increased and the sLRP-1 level decreased after treatment in two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Plasma sRAGE was higher in the treatment group than that in the control group,while the sLRP-1 level was lower than that in the control group (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Ginkgo leaf tablets have a significant clinical effect for aMCI patients,which can increase level of plasma sRAGE and decrease sLRP-1.