Objective: To observe clinical therapeutic effect of Naolisu Instant Granules for the patient of cerebral apoplexy at acute stage. Methods'. 90 cases were randomly divided into treatment group of 60 cases and control group of 30 cases. The treatment group was treated by oral administration of Naolisu Instant Granules and the control group was given Venoruton tablets, with oxygen inhalation, decreasing intracranial pressure, controlling blood pressure, preventing and treating infection, keeping water-electrolyte balance in the two groups. The changes of cumulative scores of TCM syndromes, cumulative scores of nerve function defect, and clinical therapeutic effects were compared between groups. Results: There were significant differences be- fore and after treatment in the changes of the cumulative score of TCM syndromes and the nervous function defect in the treatment group (P

[Objective] To observe the effect of Naolisu Granules (NG) for experimental cerebral ischemia in rats. [Methods] Rat models with cerebral ischemia was set up by embolization of middle artery. To observe the effects of NG on cerebrovascular permeability, cerebral water content was examined and cerebral Evans blue (EB) content was detected with chromatometry. Meanwhile, the effect of HG on cerebral histological structure was observed with hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining method. [Results] NG decreased cerebral capillary permeability and cerebral edema ( P

AIM: To optimize the milling and extraction rate for Naolisu Granules (Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii, Radix Notoginseny, Pheretima Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Radix Curcuma, Radix Ginserg Rubra, etc.). METHODS: The granularity of powder was determined by different micropowder processes. The process was studied by orthogonal design with the content of volatile oil, the yield of extract and the content of emodin. RESULTS: The optimum process of milling was that coarse powder was micropulverized for 20 min at -8℃ ～ -12℃ . The optimum extraction of volatile oil was distillated for 4 hs after volatile medical materials were macerated for 1h with 7 times amount of water. The optimum process of percolation was percolated by 300mL of 75% alcohol with 3.0mL?kg -1 ?min -1 after the medical material powders were macerated for 6 hs. CONCLUSION: These optimum processes are suitable for preparation of Naolisu Granules.

Objective To establish a multiple PCR method that can be used to spontaneously detect five kinds ofpathogens such as NG,MH,MG,CT and UU.Method With the fluorescence-quantitative PCR technique in conjunction with another detection technique as the golden standard,evaluation was conducted on the sensitivity,specificity,accuracy and repeatability on the detection of 5 kinds of STD pathogens using single-tube multiplex PCR.Result The sensitivity,specificity and match rate of the method ale 10-9fg/μl,100%,97.8%respectively,and the repeatability of 5 continuous days of 20 clinical specimens is good.Conclusion Single-tube multiplex PCR technique provides a new method to detect 5 kinds of STD pathogens.

Objective To investgate the effects of exenatide on islet β-cell function, insulin sensitivity and glucose-lipid metabolism in insulin resistant rats induced by high-fat-chow. Methods High fat-fed rats were treated with exenatide for 6 weeks. The insulin sensitivity, islet β-cell function and glucose lipid metabolism in awake rats were evaluated by intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT) and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique combined with 3-[3H] glucose as a tracer. In addition, plasma adiponectin level was measured by ELISA. Results Lee′s index and levels of plasma free fatty acids (FFA), triglyceride and total cholesterol were significantly reduced in high fat-fed rats after exenatide treatment for 6 weeks (all P＜0.01). In these rats exenatide also improved IVGTT and ITT, and increased the level of insulin secretion, especially when a high dose was given. In addition, plasma adiponectin level was also significantly increased in the group with high dose exenatide (HFH, P＜0.01). During the clamp steady-state, there were significant increases in plasma FFA and insulin and significant decreases in glucose infusion rate (GIR), glucose disposal rate (GRd) in high-fat group (HF) compared to control group (NC, all P＜0.01). The suppressive effect of insulin on hepatic glucose production (HGP) was significantly blunted (only 26%) in HF group. In HFH group, plasma insulin and FFA levels were significantly decreased (both P＜0.01), GIR and GRd were significantly increased (both all P＜0.01), and HGP was suppressed by 72%. Conclusion It is possible that exenatide pretreatment ameliorates high-fat induced insulin resistance by promoting β-cell insulin secretion, elevating adiponectin level, and improving glucose-lipid metabolism.

Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) is an important branch of pharmaceutical sciences. The nature of ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) and PK (pharmacokinetics) inquiries during drug discovery and development has evolved in recent years from being largely descriptive to seeking a more quantitative and mechanistic understanding of the fate of drug candidates in biological systems. Tremendous progress has been made in the past decade, not only in the characterization of physiochemical properties of drugs that influence their ADME, target organ exposure, and toxicity, but also in the identification of design principles that can minimize drug-drug interaction (DDI) potentials and reduce the attritions. The importance of membrane transporters in drug disposition, efficacy, and safety, as well as the interplay with metabolic processes, has been increasingly recognized. Dramatic increases in investments on new modalities beyond traditional small and large molecule drugs, such as peptides, oligonucleotides, and antibody-drug conjugates, necessitated further innovations in bioanalytical and experimental tools for the characterization of their ADME properties. In this review, we highlight some of the most notable advances in the last decade, and provide future perspectives on potential major breakthroughs and innovations in the translation of DMPK science in various stages of drug discovery and development.