Objective To study the different patterns of hippocampal atrophy by MRI segmental analysis and to investigate the etiology and pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy Methods GE 1 5 T Signa Horizon LX MRI scanner was used Oblique coronal T 1 weighted images perpendicular to the long axis of the hippocampus were obtained The mesial temporal structures were divided into four parts: the amygdala, hippocampal head, body and tail MRI patterns of atrophy in 50 patients with histologically confirmed hippocampal sclerosis were investigated by MRI volumetric measurement and segmental analysis, and the differences of clinical features and surgical outcome in different groups were compared Results Diffuse hippocampal atrophy was found in 22 of 50 patients (44%), 5 of the 50 patients (10%) showed diffuse atrophy involving both the amygdala and hippocampus 20 of the 50 patients (40%) had hippocampal focal atrophy and 8 of 50 patients (16%) had no obvious atrophy 38 of 50 (76%) hippocampal sclerosis had atrophy in the hippocampal body, 29 of 50 (58%) had hippocampal head atrophy, 24 of 50 (48%) had hippocampal tail atrophy, and the least involved part was the amygdala (16%, 8/50) 10 patients who had normal hippocampal volume showed focal hippocampal atrophy by segmental analysis Various patterns of hippocampal atrophy were found to be statistically related to the duration of epilepsy, the frequency of seizure and the outcome of surgery, respectively ( P 0 05) Conclusion MRI segmental analysis can improve the diagnostic sensitivity of temporal lobe epilepsy and help to investigate its etiology and pathogenesis

Objective To study the imaging features of the ventricular meningioma, in order to improve the understanding knowledge. Methods Compared with operative and pathological findings,the CT and MRI features of ventricular meningioma were analyzed in 22 patients (8 males and 14 females,range from 17~72 years old with average age 45 years).21 cases were examined by MRI(17 with enhanced scan),11 cases by CT(4 with enhanced scan).Results The ventricular meningioma were mostly fibrous type. Mostly, the locations were in the trigone of the lateral ventricle with regular shape. On imaging, the most were parenchymatous with markedly enhancement. Calcification may be found, but cystic changes and hemorrhage were very rare.Conclusion The ventricular meningiomas have characteristic imaging features. CT and MRI are valuable in diagnosis, especially MRI.

Objective To study the imaging features and the cause of the cystic meningiomas so as to avoid the misdiagnosis and improve the understanding and knowledge. Methods CT and MRI features in 27 pathologically proved cystic meningiomas were analyzed. There were 10 men and 17 women, and the age ranged from 16 to 80 years with the average age of 49 years. Twenty-six patients were examined by using MRI (24 with enhanced scan), and 15 patients by CT (seven with enhanced scan). 15 patients were examined by both CT and MRI. The image features were analyzed according to Nauta and were compared with operative and pathological findings. Results The cystic meningiomas were mostly epithelial type, but fibrous type, angiomatous type, or papillary type may also be seen. Mostly, the locations were cerebral convexity, but tumors of the tentorium, alisphenoid, olfactory groove, and skull base were also seen. And all were sessile. On imaging, most tumors were parenchymatous with cystic parts, and marked enhancement of the parenchymatous part could be seen. Some were entirely cystic with parenchymatous nodule, the nodule enhanced markedly and the wall of the cyst may be or not be enhanced. Of the 27 cases, four cases were NautaⅠ, seven cases were NautaⅡ, one case was Nauta Ⅲ, and ten cases were Nauta Ⅳ. Three were both Nauta Ⅱand Ⅲ in 3 cases, Nauta Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ in 1 and both Nauta Ⅲ and Ⅳ in 1, respectively. Conclusion The cystic meningiomas have characteristic imaging features. CT and MRI, especially MRI, are valuable in the diagnosis.

Objective To determine the reliability of CT perfusion scans and its parameters of ?-variate curve in evaluating the acute myocardial infarction for clinical reference of diagnosis on coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. Methods Imatron C-150 electron beam CT (EBCT) were used to scan a hydrodynamic model which could mimic a change of contrast medium by intravenous injection in vivo. Then 6 adult canines were employed in the experiment with thoracic operation, and branches of the anterior descending and circumflex of left coronary arteries (LCA) were ligated so that myocardial infarction was made out. After intravenous administration of contrast medium, the hearts were scanned with perfusion EBCT and ?-variate curves were manifested. Some heterogeneities and differentiations between the normality and the infarctions were put forward when the parameters of all these curves were analyzed and statistically processed. Two myocardial infarctions were also verified by SPECT, and all the samples stained with TTC method were compared with those on the perfusion images. The pathological study with optical microscope and electron microscope were further carried on. Results The ascending slopes of ?-variate curves were different in the perfusion quantity. The normal curve of canine myocardium showed a somewhat quick ascending pattern first, and then a gradual descending pattern successively, with the ascending time of about 10-13 s, ascending CT value of about 34-37 HU, and peak CT value of about 70-81 HU. Whereas the curve on myocardial infarction demonstrated a prolonged ascending time of about 19.9 s, diminished ascending CT value of only about 20 HU, and peak CT value of about 53.8 HU, which were significantly different from the normality (P

This study presents a case of a girl of three year and 4 month old with ataxia and severe sen-sorineural hearing loss for 2 years.In order to improve hearing,she was hospitalized in the PUMC Hospital.Ge-netic testing performed found compound heterozygous variants of c.1186C＞T(p.P396S)and c.1357C＞T(p.R453W)in TWNK gene.After a multidisciplinary discussion of the case,the team suspected mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome type 7(hepatocerebral type).The patient has shown nervous system impairment in-volvement but no evidence of liver dysfunction.The efficacy of cochlear implantation is uncertain and general anesthesia if applied will accelerate the progress of encephalopathy and might lead to multiple organ failure.Unsure of the perioperative safety,the parents of the girl did not chose the option of hearing intervention tempo-rarily,but chose oral symptomatic supportive treatment with coenzyme Q10,folate,levocarnitine,and complex vitamins as recommended.

Pancreatic β-cell failure due to a reduction in function and mass has been defined as a primary contributor to the progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Reserving insulin-producing β-cells and hence restoring insulin production are gaining attention in translational diabetes research, and β-cell replenishment has been the main focus for diabetes treatment. Significant findings in β-cell proliferation, transdifferentiation, pluripotent stem cell differentiation, and associated small molecules have served as promising strategies to regenerate β-cells. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the mechanisms implicated in β-cell dynamic processes under physiological and diabetic conditions, in which genetic factors, age-related alterations, metabolic stresses, and compromised identity are critical factors contributing to β-cell failure in T2D. The article also focuses on recent advances in therapeutic strategies for diabetes treatment by promoting β-cell proliferation, inducing non-β-cell transdifferentiation, and reprograming stem cell differentiation. Although a significant challenge remains for each of these strategies, the recognition of the mechanisms responsible for β-cell development and mature endocrine cell plasticity and remarkable advances in the generation of exogenous β-cells from stem cells and single-cell studies pave the way for developing potential approaches to cure diabetes.

Objective To study the influence of ANGPTL8 in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced hepatic lipid deposition.Methods Male wild-type(WT)and ANGPTL8 knockout mice at 6-8 weeks were used to induce sepsis models by intrabitoneal injection of LPS(10 mg/kg).qPCR and immunofluorescence were used to detected the mRNA and protein expression of ANGPTL8 in liver tissue and HepG2 cells respectively;The contents of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)in serum and the triglyceride(TG)and malondialdehyde(MDA)in liver homogenate were detected by kits;the histopathological changes of liver tissue were analyzed through HE staining.Lipids accumulation in liver were detected by oil red O staining.The apoptosis of liver was determinated by TUNEL staining.RNA-seq was used to analyzing the differentially expressed genes in the liver tissue of WT and ANGPTL8 KO mice,and the qPCR and Western Blot were used to verify the differential expressed genes.Results The expression of ANGPTL8 in the liver was significantly upregulated at 48 hours after LPS stimulation.Compared with WT mice,the hepatic lipid deposition,steatosis,and apoptosis were significantly alleviated in liver of ANGPTL8 KO mice,the ALT and AST levels in serum and the TG and MDA content in liver homogenate of ANGPTL8 KO mice were also reduced significantly.The expression of caveolin-1(CAV1)in liver of ANGPTL8 KO mice was significantly higher than that of WT mice.Conclusions LPS promoted the expression and secretion of ANGPTL8 in liver tissue,and ANGPTL8 increased hepatic lipid deposition and peroxidation by inhibiting the expression of CAV1.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a prevalent and severe clinical condition characterized by inflammatory damage to the lung endothelial and epithelial barriers, resulting in high incidence and mortality rates. Currently, there is a lack of safe and effective drugs for the treatment of ALI. In a previous clinical study, we observed that Jinyinqingre oral liquid (JYQR), a Traditional Chinese Medicine formulation prepared by the Taihe Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, exhibited notable efficacy in treating inflammation-related hepatitis and cholecystitis in clinical settings. However, the potential role of JYQR in ALI/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and its anti-inflammatory mechanism remains unexplored. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of JYQR in ALI using a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and an in vitro RAW264.7 cell model. JYQR yielded substantial improvements in LPS-induced histological alterations in lung tissues. Additionally, JYQR administration led to a noteworthy reduction in total protein levels within the BALF, a decrease in MPAP, and attenuation of pleural thickness. These findings collectively highlight the remarkable efficacy of JYQR in mitigating the deleterious effects of LPS-induced ALI. Mechanistic investigations revealed that JYQR pretreatment significantly inhibited NF-κB activation and downregulated the expressions of the downstream proteins, namely NLRP3 and GSDMD, as well as proinflammatory cytokine levels in mice and RAW2647 cells. Consequently, JYQR alleviated LPS-induced ALI by inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3/GSDMD pathway. JYQR exerts a protective effect against LPS-induced ALI in mice, and its mechanism of action involves the downregulation of the NF-κB/NLRP3/GSDMD inflammatory pathway.
Humans ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism* ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism* ; Acute Lung Injury/metabolism* ; Lung ; Phosphate-Binding Proteins/therapeutic use* ; Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins/therapeutic use*