Objective To summarize the long term effect of the whole-breast external beam radiation therapy after breast conserving surgery coupled with brachytherapy or local electronic boost radiation. Methods The survival rate and cosmetic results were retrospectively analyzed for 96 patients with early stage breast cancer received breast conserving surgery and hormone therapy from January 1995 to December 2003 in Yunnan Tumor Hospital. The enrolled conditions included single lesion, tumor maximum diameter ≤ 3cm, microscopically negative surgical margin, negative axillary lymph node dissection, and pathological type of invasive ductal carcinoma. 53 cases with comprehensive follow-up data were selected. Among them, 23 cases were treated with whole breast tangent conventional fractionated irradiation: 46-50 G/23-25 fractions, local tumor bedarea with high dose-rate brachytherapy: 8-10 Gy/1-2 fractions in postoperative,and 30 cases in control group were treated with electron beam irradiation of 10 Gy/5 fractions. The efficacy and cosmetic results were observed in every three months within two years,in every six months from three to five years, and in every year five years later. Results All the patients were followed up for 217 months (average follow-up 165 months), of which 2 patients died of distant metastasis 62 months and 158 months later after treatment. The excellent cosmetic result was more than 78%, and no local recurrence was observed in the group. The 3-,5-,10-and 15-years survival rates were 100%,100%,95.7%and 88.3%,respectively. In control group,3 patients were died of distant metastasis 46 months,97 months and 87 months later after treatment,also with excellent cosmetic results. There was only one case of local recurrence,and the local control rate was 97.0%. The 3-,5-,10-and 15-years survival rates were 100%,96.7%,93.6%and 82.3%, respectively. There was no significant difference in local recurrence and survival rates between the two groups ( >0.05) . Conclusion Both radiation brachytherapy and electronic boost have the same effect and good cosmetic results. The radiation brachytherapy shows a high quality of life and a short treatment time.

Objective To investigate the optimal initial concentration of microRNA22 agomir in epilepsy model induced by lithium chloride-pilocarpine after single injection of lateral ventricle.Methods 36 rats with acute temporal lobe epilepsy were randomly divided into 6 groups:the control group and the other five groups were the experimental group.All epilepsy rats were selected for right lateral ventricle injection.The control group was given negative control reagent,while the experimental group were given 0.1 mmol/L,2.5 mmol/L,5 mmol/L,10 mmol/L,20 mmol/L different concentrations of miRNA22agomir reagent.6 rats in each group were randomly selected for acute phase experiment after 3 days of administration.The expression of P2X7 in hippocampus of epilepsy rats was determined by Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).Results Compared with control group,the protein and mRNA expression of P2X7 reduced in all of the model group.The protein and mRNA expression level of P2X7 protein in hippocampus of rats injected with 2.5 mmol/L,5 mmol/L and 10 mmol/L in each experimental group were significantly lower than that in the other two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,the protein and mRNA expression level of P2X7 were the lowest at 2.5 mmol/L injection and 10 mmol/L,and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The optimal onset concentration for unilateral lateral ventricle injection miRNA22 agomir treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy is 2.5 mmol/L.

Objective To investigate the effect of microRNA-22 (miRNA-22) on the expression of P2X7 receptor and inflammatory factors in hippocampus of rats with epilepsy. Methods Healthy SD male rats were intraperitoneal injected with lithium chloride and pilocarpine to induce epilepsy. Three days later, 45 epileptic rats were randomly divided into three groups: epilepsy group( EP group), miRNA-22 agomir group (EF+agomir group) and miRNA-22 agomir control group ( EF+agomir control group). Another 15 healthy rats were selected as control group(N group). The expression of P2X7 protein was detected by West- ern blot and the levels of miRNA-22, P2X7 mRNA, NF-κB mRNA ,IL-1β mRNA were detected by qRT-PCR. Nissl staining was used to observe the damage of Nissl bodies. Results Western blot result showed that compared with the N group(0. 91±0. 10), the level of P2X7 protein in EP group (1. 17±0. 052) in-creased, and the difference was statistically significant (t=-4. 11,P=0. 02). Compared with the EP+ag-omir control group(0. 94± 0. 14),the expression of P2X7 protein in EP+agomir group (0. 66± 0. 06) de-creased and the difference was significant (t=-3. 10,P=0. 04). And the qRT-PCR results showed that compared with N group, the levels of P2X7mRNA (9. 08±0. 94), NF-κB mRNA (20. 10±2. 15) and IL-1β mRNA (50. 64±5. 42) in EP group increased(t=-14. 96,P<0. 05; t=-15. 38,P<0. 05; t=-15. 87,P<0. 05). The expression of P2X7mRNA (1. 31 ± 0. 64), NF-κB mRNA ( 2. 28 ± 1. 10) and IL-1β mRNA (2. 12±1. 20) in EF+agomir group decreased compared with EP group((9. 08± 0. 94),( 20. 10± 2. 15), (50. 64±5. 42)) and EF+agomir control group((7. 03 ±1. 90),(18. 72±1. 76),(47. 39±6. 16)), and the differences were statistically significant(F=29. 77, P<0. 01;F=98. 99, P<0. 05;F=96. 29, P<0. 01). Nissl staining results showed that a large number of morphologically abnormal and disintegrated Nissl bodies could be observed in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions of EP group,which showed a smaller size,irreg-ular morphology,chromatin pyknosis,boundary blur between nucleus and cytoplasm. Compared with the nor-mal group, the difference was significant (P<0. 05). While in miRNA-22 agomir group, the disintegration of Nissl bodies was improved and the number of Nissl bodies increased. Conclusion Intraventricular injec-tion of miRNA-22 agomir can down-regulate the expression of P2X7 receptor and related inflammatory factors in hippocampus of epileptic rats, thus inhibiting seizures.

Objective To investigate the long-term efficacy and prognosis of concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone and concurrent chemoradiotherapy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for stage ⅡB-ⅢB cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed among 171 patients with stage ⅡB-ⅢBcervical squamous cell carcinoma who were admitted to our hospital and had complete follow-up data from February 1,2005 to October 31,2011. Results The median follow-up time was 66 months. There were no significant differences in the 3-or 5-year overall survival rates between the concurrent group and the neoadjuvant group(81.4% vs.75.9%,74.3% vs.67.2%,P=0.469).According to the subgroup analysis,there was no correlation between lymph node metastasis and survival curve(P=0.310,P=0.151).The univariate and Cox multivariate analyses showed that tumor size,lymph node metastasis,and concurrent chemotherapy method were independent prognostic factors for cervical cancer(P<0.05).For the patients with lymph node metastasis, the neoadjuvant group had a significantly higher pelvic local recurrence rate than the concurrent group (P=0.047),while there were no significant differences in mortality,distant metastasis,or long-term adverse reactions between the two groups(all P>0.05).For the patients without lymph node metastasis,the neoadjuvant group had a significantly higher incidence of grade 3-4 bone marrow suppression than the concurrent group (P=0.016), while there were no significant differences in mortality,local recurrence,distant metastasis,or long-term adverse reactions between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusions Concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone and concurrent chemoradiotherapy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy achieve similar treatment outcomes in patients with stage ⅡB-ⅢBcervical squamous cell carcinoma,no matter whether they have lymph node metastasis or not. Tumor size,lymph node metastasis,and concurrent chemotherapy method are independent prognostic factors.Neoadjuvant chemotherapy increases the risk of grade 3-4 marrow suppression during concurrent chemoradiotherapy,prolongs irradiation time,and increases the risk of local recurrence.