Whole rice grain was dissected by hand into fractions of pericarp, ale-urone, scutellum, embryo and endosperm. For the convenience of having enough amount of samples for amino acids assay some of which were recom-bined and finally three parts, pericarp +aleurone layer, scutellum + embryo and endosperm, were obtained. Protein, lysine, methionine, threonine and valine contents were determined for each part. The data obtained indicated that although total weight of the first two parts accounted for only 7.27-8.43% of the whole grain, they contributed 14.5-15.8% protein, 29.0-30.5% lysine, 11.8% melhionine, 16.8% valine and 19.4% threonine, contained in the whole grain. During husking process it indicated that the lesser amounts of pericarp, aleurone, scutellum and embryo were retained and the larger percentage of protein and lysine was lost. This fact was identified either by a specially designed miller in the laboratory or a commonly used sand wheel miller in the factory. The suitable degree of milling for rice was discussed and it was proposed that 92% extration for rice rather rational.

Lysine and methionine contents were determined in proteins of 21 rice samples including 17 varieties grown in 11 provinces. Ranges of lysine and methionine contents on crude protein basis were 3.21-3.76% and 1.63-2.06% respectively. The lysine content was found to be negatively correlated with the protein content of rice, but no correlation was found in case of methionine when they were expressed on the basis of crude protein. The absolute amounts of lysine and methionine were positively correlated with protein contained in the samples. The importance of breeding rice variety with protein of high lysine content was discussed in relation to promoting the protein nutritive status in South China.

A convenient microbiological method with high accuracy for cystine assay was introduced. Common foods including cereals, beans, sweet potato, fishes and other aquatic products as well as meats were selected for cystine and methionine analysis. Based on the data obtained, a brief discussion was made on the way for resolution of sulfur amino acids problem inherently in our traditional soy-cereal based diet.

Objective To study the distribution of pathogenic bacterium and its sensitivity to antibiotic in severe cerebral vascular disease patients with nosocomial pneumonia.Methods Retrospective studies were done in 42 cases of severe cerebral vascular disease patients in neurological intensive care unit (NICU). Secretion from lower respiratory tract was cultivated and done medicine sensitive test at 3 d、4 d、5 d、9 d、16 d after hospitalized,then the etiologic data of nosocomial pneumonia were analyzed.Results Among 42 cases,15 pathogenic microorganisms and 163 strains were cultivated, the fisrt 4 strains were Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella and Enterobacter cloacae. The results of medicine sensitive test indicated that Gram-negative bacteria was sensitive to Imipenem,and Gram-positive bacteria was sensitive to Vancomycin.Conclusions The main pathogen of nosocomial pneumonia in severe cerebral vascular disease patients may be Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to Vancomycin,so Vancomycin can be act as the first choice drug to deal Gram-positive bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is relatively sensitive to Amikacin and Ciprofloxacin,while Imipenem is the second, but drug fast is to cephalosporins. So the first two antibiotics can be as the experience drugs to deal Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Objective To explore the etiology of headache after aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and find clinical features of various kinds of headache.Methods All of the 107 patients with SAH and intracranial aneurysm diagnosed upon CT scan and angiographic demonstration within 24 hours after onset were evaluated by numeric rating scales (NRS) 1,2,3,5,7,10 and 14 days after SAH. Patients suffered from moderate-severe headache were examined by cranial CT scan and transcranial Doppler (TCD) to find the reason, and their diversities were analyzed.Results 86.9% (93/107) patients with SAH suffered from moderate-severe headache. 9.7% (9/93) of them were caused by rebleeding of untreated aneurysm and the pain always occurred abruptly, always followed by conscious disturbance/new neurological signs. CT scan found hydrocephalus in 16.1% (15/93) patients with headache, they could aggravated with time but sometimes released spontaneously; TCD found intracranial vasospasm in 12.9% (12/93) of patients, their clinical features were no more than other 61.3% (57/93) patients with negative results, but patient's condition could exacerbate caused by later brain ischemia or even infarction.Conclusion Majority of SAH patients suffer from headache.

Objective: To investigate into the etiological factor,distribution of syndrome(patterns),pathogenesis features as well as the curative effects of small compound prescriptions of(Traditional) Chinese Medicine(TCM) in the treatment of acute stroke in stroke unit.Methods:(Cases) corresponding to diagnosis standards were randomly divided into control group(102 cases) and treatment group(156 cases).Conventional treatment methods were given to cases in control group.On the base of control group,small compound prescriptions were added to in treatment group,successively 14-21 days.The relation between types and time and TCM scale(TCMS),the NIH stroke scale(NIHSS) and Barthel index(BI) were observed in the two groups.Results: Stroke was age-related,the older,the more stroke patients.Stroke was closely related to hypertension.Ascending hyperactivity of liver yang was main type in the previous three days,this type(decreased) with the time going on.On the contrary,the type of wind phlegm and blood stasis was secondly main type in the previous three days,it increased with the time going on.Types of ascending hyperactivity of liver yang,wind phlegm and blood stasis as well as phlegm heat and constipation covered 95 per cent of all patients in the previous 21days.In the two groups,the mean scale of TCM and NIH decreased,and BI increased after treatment,this statistical difference could also be seen between the two groups.Conclusion: Excessive types are main types in the acute stage of stroke.Types of ascending hyperactivity of liver yang,wind phlegm and blood stasis as well as phlegm heat and constipation are its main types.Transferring of ascending hyperactivity of liver yang into endogenous wind may be trigger of reaction link of wind,fire,phlegm and blood stasis in TCM theory.Small compound prescriptions of TCM aiming to clearing away liver fire to stop wind,to activate blood for removing blood stasis and phlegm,to removing phlegm and heat from discharge can reduce scale of TCM and NIH,increase BI in the treatment of patients in stroke unit,which provide beneficial proofs for evaluation of effects of TCM.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)on motor function after acute cerebral infarction.Methods60 patients who suffered acute cerebral infarction were assigned to experiment group and control group(30 cases each group). Both groups received rehabilitation theropy. Meanwhile,experiment group received TMS. Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA), National Institute of Health Scale of Stroke(NIHSS), Barthel Index(BI) were used to measure the outcome.ResultsThe scores of FMA and BI increased significantly(P<0.05) while that of NIHSS decreased significantly(P<0.05) in both groups after treatment. However, these scores in experiment group improved more compared with those of control group(P<0.05).ConclusionTMS is helpful to improve the motor function, ability of daily living and neurological function.

Objective To study the ability of S100B to predict the clinical outcomes and complications after aneu?rysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Method This study is a one-center and consecutive recruitment. Plasma S100B levels were measured by enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) within 72 hours after onset. The charac?teristics, treatment patterns, complications and outcomes of patients were also analyzed. Results The S100B levels of aSAH patients were higher than that of health controls(28.55 pg/mL vs. 21.20 pg/mL, P<0.001). S100B levels (P=0.05), Hunt-Hess higher scales (P<0.001), delayed cerebral ischemia (P<0.001) and hydrocephalus (P=0.028) were associated with poor outcomes. S100B also can predict complications in hospital. Conclusions The levels of S100B rise during acute phase of aSAH and S100B may be a useful biomarker to predict functional outcomes and complications in hospital.

Objective To explore the relationship between lesion sites of stroke and swallowing function. Methods Ischemic stroke patients consecutively admitted into the stroke unit were screened in this study. The new and previous lesion sites of stroke, dysphagia and aspiration under videofluoroscopy (VF) were recorded and their relation was analyzed. Results 211 patients were included and 169 patients had completed the MRI and VF examination. 159 patients had dysphagia and 94 had aspiration under VF. 72 patients (9 missing) were found disorder in oral phase and 150 in pharyngeal phase. There was no significantly difference in dysphagia under VF and in aspiration among different lesion sites (P>0.05). Patients with stroke in medulla tended to happen aspiration (P=0.056). Stroke sites above the tentorium of cerebellum (P=0.028) or above medulla (P=0.005) may cause disorder in oral phase. Conclusion The stroke injury in brain cortex, white matter, brainstem and cerebellum or hemisphere could lead to dysphagia and aspiration. The injury of medulla may cause aspiration. Lesion of brain hemisphere or above the medulla could result disorder in oral phase of swallowing.

Objective To observe the short-term and long-term impacts of in-hospital pneumonia on outcomes of patients hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke.Methods All consecutive patients older than 18 years with acute ischemic stroke were prospectively recruited to this study,including 132 clinical centers in 32 provinces and 4 municipalities (including Hong Kong region) in China from September 2007 to August 2008.Case report form was designed.Data of pneumonia and survival outcomes at baseline ; discharge ; 3,6 and 12 months after admission were recorded.Multivariable logistic regression was used for statistical correlation analysis.Results A total of 1373 (11.88％) patients from 11 560 acute ischemic stroke patients were notified with in-hospital pneumonia.The case fatality rate was 14.4％ (1664 patients) within 12 months after stroke onset.The fatality rate in patients with pneumonia was higher than that of patients without pneumonia.In-hospital pneumonia was an independent risk factor for death at discharge (adjusted OR =5.916 ; 95％ CI 4.470-7.831),at 3 months (adjusted OR =3.641 ; 95％ CI 3.035-4.367),6 months (adjusted OR =3.445 ; 95％ CI 2.905-4.086),and 12 months (adjusted OR =3.543 ; 95％ CI 3.016-4.161) after onset.Conclusion In-hospital pneumonia is an adverse factor for the short-term and longterm survival of acute ischemic patients in China.