Objective To investigate lipopolysaccharide (LPS) tolerance and its possible mechanism in experimental acute pancreatitis(AP) mice. Methods Two hundreds and ten C56BL/6J mice were randomized into normal saline(NS)+LPS group( n =105)and AP +LPS group( n =105). Both groups were subdivided into seven groups according to different dose of LPS. AP model was induced by intra- abdominal administration of cerulein (50 ?g/kg) for seven times at 1 hour interval. LPS was given 6 hours after first cerulein injection . Cerulein was replaced by NS in NS+LPS group. Ten mice in each sub- group were randomly selected to investigate mortality rate for 7 days. Another 5 mice were killed at 12 hours after the first cerulein injection. Liver, lung, kidney, pancreas and serum were reserved to evaluate pathological changes and measurement of amylase (AMS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Gene expression profiles of leucocyte in NS+LPS(15 mg/kg)subgroup and AP+LPS(15 mg/kg)subgroup were studied with oligonucleotide microarrays of 12 479 full length mouse genes respectively for three times to screen the different genes between two groups. Results Mortality rates in both groups were increased, and correlated with the dosage of LPS. Mortality rate in AP+LPS group was significantly lower than that in NS+LPS group with the same LPS dose( P

Objective To investigate the effects of oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2- arachidonoyl-sn- glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (OXPAPC)in LPS signal pathway and acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP).Methods Eighty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into two groups:ANP group and ANP treat with OXPAPC group.ANP model was induced by injecting sodium taurocholate(5%)into pancreatic duct OXPAPC group was administered with OXPAPC at 0 hours and 6 hours after model establishment.Twenty rats from each group were separated to observe mortality.The others were killed at 12 hours,24 hours,48 hours and 72 hours respectively to detect serum levels of amylase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).Severity of pancreatitis was evaluated by histological score system.The activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO)in pancreas was determined by zymohistochemistry.Inflammatory factors mRNA hours after treated with OXPAPC were studied by semi-quantitative RT-PCP.Intracellular proteinase were investigated by western blot.EMSA was used to testify the activity of transcriptional factors.Results The mortality in OXPAPC group was significantly than that in ANP group. Serum amylase and LDH levels at significanfiy decreased the 12 hours and 24 hours after treated with OXPAPC.Histologically,OXPAPC reduced the severity of pancreatic injury including inflammatory cell infiltration and necrosis at 12 hours,24 hours,and 48 hours.There was a significant decrease of MPO activity in OXPAPC group compared to ANP group.Levels of inflammatory factors mRNA were reduced in OXPAPC group.Intracellular proteinase were down-regulated in OXPAPC group.EMSA showed that the activity of transcriptional factors weakened.Conclusion OXPAPC can block LPS signal pathway,so it can decrease the severity of ANP.

Objectives To analyze the role and mechanisms of mast cells in the inflammation and fibrosis of 2 ,4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced rat pancreatic fibrosis. Methods Rats were received the aseptic instillation of TNBS in ethanol via bilo-pancreatic duct, and then injected with nedocromil sodium, a mast cell stabilizer, and compound 18/80, a mast cell activator, or saline. Rats were sacrificed respectively on 3, 7, 14, 21 or 28 days. Pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis were assessed by gross and histopathological evaluation. Pancreatic fibrosis were observed by Van Gieson. Pancreatic mast cells distribution, number and their state of activation (toluidine blue) were evaluated. The activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) were assessed by the expression of a-smooth muscle actin (?-SMA) through immunohistochemistry. The expression of angiotensin Ⅱ AT1 and AT2 receptors and transforming growth factor (TGF) ? 1 raRNA, which were the factors of fibrogenesis, were also assessed. Results Typical pancreatic fibrosis changes occurred in the model of rats received TNBS at 4th week by morphological evaluation. The positive expression of ?-SMA and TGF?1 in the pancreatic tissues were detected at day 3, especially at 4th week. The expression of angiotensin Ⅱ AT1 and AT2 receptors mRNA increased gradually in all the three groups, also especially at 4th week. Compared to the control group, there were more higher expression of ?-SMA, TGF?1, angiotensin Ⅱ AT1 and AT2 receptor in the compound 48/80 group, while there were lower expression of these proteins in the nedocromil group. Conclusions Mast cells are involved in TNBS-induced pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis in rats. After being activated, mast cells will promote the activation and proliferation of PSCs and upregulate the expression of angiotensin Ⅱ AT1 receptor and AT2 receptor, and then lead to pancreatic fibrosis gradually.

Objective To investigate the potential role of MCP-1/CCL2 in experimental acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) and complications. Methods 60 SD male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham operation group ( n = 20 ), ANP group ( n = 20 ) and MCP-1 group ( n = 20 ). ANP model was induced by retrograde infusion of 3.5% sodium taurocholate, MCP-1 group received subcutaneous injection of MCP-1 antibody 0 h and 6 h after ANP induction. The serum levels of amylase, MCP-1, D-lactic acid,histological changes and the expression of MCP-1 mRNA of lung, small intestine and pancreas, the expression of MCP-1 protein in pancreas, MPO levels of small intestine MPO were determined. Results The serum levels of amylase, MCP-1, D-lactic acid in MCP-1 group at 12 h were (4666 ±412)U/L, (39.53 ±8.25)pg/ml and (6.3 ±2.2)mg/L, which were significantly lower than those in ANP group [ (9611 ±363)U/L, (63.42 ±9.32) pg/ml, (9.3 ± 2. 1 ) mg/L, P< 0.05 ) ]; the expression of MCP-1 mRNA in pancreas, small intestine and lung were 0.431 ± 0.009, 0. 211 ± 0.018 and 0.442 ± 0.017, which were significantly lower than those in ANP group [ (0.624 ±0. 010, 0. 523 ±0. 019 and 0. 569 ±0. 024, P <0.05) ]; the expression of MCP-1 protein in pancreas was 2.0 ± 0. 1, which was significantly lower than that in ANP group (4. 0 ± 0. 2, P <0.05). Lung and small intestine MPO were (11.1 ±3.0)U/g and ( 19.2 ±2.0)U/g, which were significantly lower than those in ANP group[(39.2±3.1)U/g and(13.1±2.1)U/g, P<0.05]. Conclusions Early blockade of MCP-1 not only attenuates the severity of ANP, but also decreases the degree of acute lung injury and intestine barrier dysfunction.

Objective To observe the effect of Du moxibustion health care underwear intervention effects on quality of life and immunity of sub-health Yang deficiency.Methods Sub healthy Yang deficiency subjects were randomly divided into observation group and control group,30 cases in each group.The observation group in Du moxibustion health care underwear for 12 weeks,the control group in ordinary clothes,with quality of life scale (SF-36) to observe the change of their integral quality of life energy,physical function,emotional function and mental health of four indicators,IgA and IgG in blood were detected by scatter turbidity rate method.Flow cytometry was used to detect CD4+ and CD8+ in blood.Results The scores of physiological function,energy,emotional function and mental health in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.01).The levels of IgA,IgG and CD4+ in bservation group were significantly higher than those before,and CD4+ was lower,and the difference were statistically significant when compared with the control group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion Du moxibustion health care underwear sub-health Yang deficiency can improve their quality of life and immunity.

Objective To establish an experimental animal model of hypertriglyceridemic(HTG)panereatitis by using special lipoprotein lipase(LPL)deficient HTG heterozygous mice.Methods LPL deficient HTG heterozygous mice and wild type mice were divided into experiment group and control group,then each group was subdivided into 12 h,24 h subgroup.Acute pancreatitis(AP)was induced by caerulein intra-abdominal injection for 7 times(50μg/kg)at the interval of 1 h;the mice in the control group received same amount of normal ssline.The serum level of TG,amylase was determined,and morphologic changes were scored.Results The serum level of TG in LPL deficient HTG heterozygous mice was(3.55±0.27)mmol/L,which was significantly higher than that of wild type mice[(0.94±0.18)mmol/L,P＜0.05].The serum level of TG and amylase in heterozygous mice at 12 h was(3.55±0.27)mmol/L and(3685±484)U/L,which was significantly higher than those in wild type mice[(0.92±0.11)mmol/L and(2501±410)U/L,P＜0.05].The pancreatic tissue edema,necrosis,bleeding and inflammatory cell infiltration score was 3.94 ±0.21,3.94±0.21,1.84±0.25 and 1.84±0.25 in heterozygous mice,which was significantly higher than that of wild type mice(3.06±0.01,2.52±0.51,0.46±0.22 and 0.58±0.38,P＜0.05).Conclusions The serum level of TG was moderately and stably elevated in heterozygous mice.The mice developed more severe panereatitis after caemlein induction.which was an ideal experimental model for study of mechanism of HTG pancreatitis.

Objective To explore the biological characteristics of pancreatic cancer vascular endothelial cells,including the aspects of morphology,species,genetics,vascular formation ability,and proliferation ability in vitro.Methods The human pancreatic cancer cells were inoculated in nude mice pancreas to get pancreatic cancer vascular endothlial cell.The pancreatic cancer vascular endothelial cells were cultured in vitro.The passage number and passage time were recorded.The morphological features under common microscopy of each passage were observed.The species origin and genetic characteristics of the pancreatic cancer vascular endothelial cells were detected by karyotype assay.The ability of angiogenesis of the pancreatic cancer vascular endothelial cells in vitro was determined by tube formation assay.The proliferation of the pancreatic cancer vascular endothelial cells in vitro was measured by MTT method.The data were analyzed by one way analysis of variance and paired difference test.Results Under appropriate culture condition, the pancreatic cancer endothelial cells were passaged every two to three days.Once confluence was attained,the cells were in monolayer growth and with cobblestone feature.The species type of the pancreatic cancer vascular endothelial cells was human type.A large number of polyploid cells, non-integer multiple chromosomes cells, nuclear chromosome loss, nuclear chromosome dislocation, and unanalyzable fragments were observed.The pancreatic cancer vascular endothelial cells could form a hollow tubular structure in vitro.After cultured for 48 and 72 hours,the absorbance of the pancreatic cancer vascular endothelial cells was 0.581 ± 0.014 and 1.082 ± 0.033 respectively,both were significantly higher than those of human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (0.379± 0.038,t=8.720,P=0.001;0.604±0.026,t=19.883,P＜0.01).Conclusions The species origin of pancreatic cancer vascular endothelial cells is same as human pancreatic cancer cells.The cells have typical morphological features and in vitro angiogenesis formation ability of vascular endothelial cells,whose genetic feature is instable and proliferation is active.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and effect of three-points ablation approach in in treatment of typical atrial flutter guided by CARTO. Methods Twenty-six patients with typical atrial flutter diagnosed by ECG and electrophysiological study (EPS) were enrolled in this study. Activation sequence mapping and linear ablation were performed in 11 patients (conventional group) . Three-points guided linear ablation with CARTO system was performed in another15 patients (three-points group) . Results There was no significant difference in the success rate between the two groups. Both the procedure and fluoroscopic time in three-points group were significantly shorter than that in conventional group [(72.66±29.82) vs (102.52±32.61) min;(4.26±2.76) vs (7.32±3.16) min] . Conclusions The three-points ablations approach is as safe and effective as conventional ablation approach in treatment of typical atrial flutter;however,the former can significantly shorten the procedure time and fluoroscopy time.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of catheter ablation of Para-Hisian Atrial Tachycardia guide by CARTO. Method Catheter ablation guided by CARTO was performed after activation map in three patients with Para-Hisian Atrial Tachycardia. Result Successful ablation was got at right atrial in two patients and at non-coronary in one patient. Conclusion Catheter ablation guided by CARTO is safe and efficient for Para-Hisian Atrial Tachycardia.

BACKGROUND:Circumferential pulmonary vein antrum ablations guided by CARTO system or integration of a computed tomographic or magnetic resonance imaging scan (CARTO-Merge) are two main locating methods.Theoretically,CARTO-Merge provides a detailed appreciation of the pulmonary vein anatomy,however,whether it can improve the safety and success of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation remains uncertainly.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of CT image integration into three-dimensional (3D) electroanatomical mapping system on clinical outcomes of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The randomized contrast observation was performed at Department of Cardiology of Beijing Anzhen Hospital from October 2005 to May 2007.PARTICIPANTS:A total of 93 patients with drugs refractory,paroxysmal atrial fibrillation who underwent circumferential pulmonary vein antrum ablation.METHODS:All patients underwent circumferential pulmonary vein antrum ablation using irdgated radiofreguency ablation with the endpoint of electrical isolation.Ablation was guided by 3D mapping alone in 50 patients (CARTO group) or by CT image integration in 43 patients (CARTO-Merge group).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Procedure-related parameters,such as procedure duration,fluoroscopy duration,cumulative success rate and complication,were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:Pulmonary veins were isolated in all patients.After (12.6±2.9) months follow-up,73 (78.5%) patients did not have recurrence of atrial fibrillation at 3 month after the procedure.The fluoroscopy time in CARTO group was significant longer than that in CARTO-Merge group (P<0.05).The mean procedure duration,radiofrequency ablation duration,procedure-related complication and cumulative success rate were comparable between the 2 groups.CONCLUSION:Circumferential pulmonary vein antrum ablation guided by 3D mapping alone or by CT integration had similar safety and success rate in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients.But CT integration,which facilitated to a detailed representation of the anatomy of left atrium,is associated with reduced fluoroscopy duration.