BACKGROUND:Recovery of motor and sensory function from peripheral nerve injury is relatively slow and incomplete. It is a difficult problem for orthopedic surgeons that mainly leads to the decline in the quality of life in patients.
OBJECTIVE: To conclude the methods and corresponding outcomes in peripheral nerve regeneration by analyzing the new treatment means for peripheral nerve injury.
METHODS:PubMed, Wanfang, CNKI databases were retrieved for relevant articles using key words of “nerve injury, regeneration”, and then retrieval data were sorted and analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In recent years, in-depth studies on peripheral nerve repair have been made in the folowing aspects: surgical mode, drug, cytokine, gene transfer and biomaterials as wel as traditional Chinese medicine. If the detect size is four times longer than the diameter of nerves, the nerve regeneration chamber can achieve good outcomes. The methods of restoring nerve continuity folowing nerve injury are developed from surgical anastomosis to photochemohistological method, thermal laser welding, plastic repair and other emerging technologies. Studies have found that plasminogen activator, nerve growth factor, neurotrophic factor, recombinant erythropoietin, human tissue kalikrein, B vitamins and their derivatives, herbal preparations, immunosuppressive agents al can promote nerve regeneration.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that craniocerebral injury can promote the repair of sciatic nerve injury in rats, but its precise mechanism remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To further explore the action mechanism of craniocerebral injury on the repair of sciatic nerve injury using morphology and histology.
METHODS:Sixty specific-pathogen-free healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups. Rats with craniocerebral injury and sciatic nerve injury were considered as the experimental group. Rats with simple sciatic nerve injury were considered as the control group. Classical Feeney method was used in models of craniocerebral injury and SunderlandV sciatic nerve injury. At 8 and 12 weeks after modeling, sciatic nerve index was detected. Masson staining and NF200 immunofluorescence staining were used to observethe nerve regeneration atthe anstomotic site. Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the number of regenerative axons.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 8 and 12 weeks after modeling, compared with the control group, gait and sciatic nerve index recovered better in the experimental group. In the experimental group, Masson staining showed fewer nerve membrane colagen fibers, and the axon arranged neatly.NF200 immunohistochemistry showed that in the experimental group, the density of regenerated nerves was high, and nerveswere regularly distributed. Transmission electron microscopy showed that in the experimental group, regenerative axons were regularly arranged, colagen scar was less, and myelin layer arranged regularly. Results suggested that the craniocerebral injury in rats may promote the repair of peripheral nerve injury by reducing scar colagen in nerve endings.

Objective: To analyze the recent postoperative and long-term postoperative complications of open-splenectomy and disconnection in patients with portal hypertension. Methods: There were 1 118 cases with portal hypertension who underwent open splenectomy and azygoportal disconnection from April 2010 to September 2015 at Department of Surgery, People′s Liberation Army 302 Hospital. Retrospective case investigation and telephone follow-up were conducted in October 2016. All patients had history of upper gastrointestinal bleeding before operation. Short-term complications after surgery were recorded including secondary laparotomy of postoperative abdominal hemostasis, severe infection, intake disorders, liver insufficiency, postoperative portal vein thrombosis and perioperative mortality. Long-term data including postoperative upper gastrointestinal rebleeding, postoperative survival rate and incidence of postoperative malignancy were recorded, too. GraphPad Prism 5 software for data survival analysis and charting. Results: Postoperative short-term complications in 1 118 patients included secondary laparotomy of postoperative abdominal hemostasis(1.8%, 21/1 118), severe infection(2.9%, 32/1 118), intake disorders(1.0%, 11/1 118), liver dysfunction (1.6%, 18/1 118), postoperative portal vein thrombosis(47.1%, 526/1 118)and perioperative mortality(0.5%, 5/1 118). After phone call following-up, 942 patients′ long-term data were completed including 1, 3, 5 years postoperative upper gastrointestinal rebleeding rate(4.4%, 12.1%, 17.2%), 1, 3, 5-year postoperative survival rate(97.0%, 93.5%, 90.3%); the incidence of postoperative malignant tumors in 1, 3 and 5 years were 1.7%, 4.4% and 6.2%. Conclusions Reasonable choosing of surgical indications and timing, proper performing the surgery process, effective conducting perioperative management of portal hypertension are directly related to the patient′s short-term prognosis after portal hypertension. Surgical intervention can reduce the rates of patients with upper gastrointestinal rebleeding, improve survival, and do not increase the incidence of malignant tumors.

Objective:This study investigated the changes of cortical thickness in patients with Parkinson's cognitive dysfunction.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, general clinical data and head magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from Parkinson's disease(PD)patients and healthy controls who were hospitalized or outpatient in the Department of Geriatric Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 2019 to December 2020.We observed the changes of cortical thickness in each group, and analyzed the correlation between cortical thickness and cognitive dysfunction in PD.Results:Compared with PD normal cognitive group, the cortical thickness of the left superiortemporal gyrus[(2.7±0.1)mm, (2.4±0.1)mm, t=-4.194], left supramarginal[(2.4±0.1)mm, (2.2±0.1)mm, t=-4.845], right insula[(3.0±0.1)mm, (2.7±0.1)mm, t=-4.170], left parahippocampal[(2.8±0.3)mm, (2.4±0.3)mm, t=-4.164]decreased in PD cognitive impairment group(all P<0.05), and cortical thickness of the right parsorbitalis[(2.5±0.2)mm, (2.4±0.2)mm, t=-4.226], left entorhinal[(3.5±0.3)mm, (3.1±0.4)mm, t=-4.583], left inferiortemporal[(2.7±0.2)mm, (2.5±0.1)mm, t=-6.229], left supramarginal[(2.4±0.1)mm, (2.1±0.1)mm, t=-3.236], right fusiform[(2.8±0.1)mm, (2.5±0.1)mm, t=-5.364], right lingual[(2.0±0.1)mm, (1.9±0.1)mm, t=-3.887], right insula[(3.0±0.1)mm, (2.7±0.2)mm, t=-5.326], right isthmuscingulate[(2.6±0.2)mm, (2.3±0.2)mm, t=-3.743]decreased in PD severe cognitive impairment group, the statistical difference was significant(all P<0.05). The cerebral cortex thickness was positively correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination and different cognitive areas, and negatively correlated with Hoehn-Yahrr grading. Conclusions:Local cortical thinning was observed in PD patients with cognitive impairment, whereas cortical involvement was more extensive in PD patients with severe cognitive impairment.

Chest trauma is one of the most common injuries. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) as a common complication of chest trauma seriously affects the quality of patients′ life and even leads to death. Although there are some consensus and guidelines on the prevention and treatment of VTE at home and abroad, the current literatures lack specificity considering the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of VTE in patients with chest trauma have their own characteristics, especially for those with blunt trauma. Accordingly, China Chest Injury Research Society and editorial board of Chinese Journal of Traumatology organized relevant domestic experts to jointly formulate the Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of chest trauma venous thromboembolism associated with chest trauma (2022 version). This consensus provides expert recommendations of different levels as academic guidance in terms of the characteristics, clinical manifestations, risk assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of chest trauma-related VTE, so as to offer a reference for clinical application.

ObjectiveTo summarize the history and modern clinical application of Renshen Baidusan. MethodThe bibliometric method was used to retrieve the relevant publications of Renshen Baidusan from the ancient book database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）. The publications were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The information of dynasty， book title， function， dosage and so on was extracted， on the basis of which the history， composition， dosage， decocting method， original medicinal plants， processing， and modern clinical application of this prescription were analyzed. ResultRenshen Baidusan was first recorded in the Formulary of the Bureau of Taiping People's Welfare Pharmacy， consisting of Bupleuri Radix， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Platycodonis Radix， Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， Chuanxiong Rhizoma， Poria， Aurantii Fructus， Peucedani Radix， Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix， Angelicae Pubescentis Radix， Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens， and Menthae Haplocalycis Herba and with the effect of dispersing cold， removing dampness， reinforcing Qi， and relieving exterior. Later generations of physicians used this prescription on the basis of the record in Formulary of the Bureau of Taiping People's Welfare Pharmacy to treat cold （frequency of 112， 22.63%） and seasonal cold （frequency of 83， 16.77%）. Renshen Baidusan is widely used in modern clinical practice to treat respiratory diseases （frequency of 42， 17.65%）， skin diseases （frequency of 34， 14.29%）， and infectious diseases （frequency of 33， 13.87%）. This prescription is often modified to treat the syndrome of internal deficiency and external contraction， or external contraction of wind， cold and damp pathogens without deficiency of healthy Qi， which fully embodies the concept of treating different diseases with the same method in traditional Chinese medicine. ConclusionThe textual research reveals the key information of the classical prescription Renshen Baidusan， providing a basis for the subsequent development and application of compound preparations.