OBJECTIVE:To improve the level of rational use of drugs in hospitals.METHODS:Information on the application of the monitoring system for rational administration of drugs in our hospital was analyzed.RESULTS:Manifestations of irrational drug use in our hospital were mainly manifested as incompatibility of parenteral injection,drug interactions,the repetitive use of drugs,drug dosage exceeding the limit dose,medication warnings for specific group of people.CONCLUSION:Incidences for drug-induced diseases in our hospital have been reduced while the general rational drug-use level in our hospital has been improved through the monitoring system of rational use of drugs.

Aim To study the gender-based difference in genistein metabolism in rat liver microsomes in vitro.Methods Liver microsomes was obtained from male and female rats.The optimized system of enzyme catalytic reaction of genistein in rat liver microsomes was set up.The reaction velocity of genistein in female and male rat liver microsomes was assessed by incubating genistein with CYP1A2 antibody or specific CYP1A2 inhibitor furafylline,and the percentage of the relative metabolism of genistein of CYP1A2 was derivated by using the data of the reaction velocity.Results The metabolism of genistein by microsomes was inhibited by CYP1A2 antibody(1 ∶400)after incubation for 30 min.The percentage of the control metabolism of genistein of microsomes in male and female rat were 20.95%?2.13% and 13.73%?1.26%respectively(P

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of two D3 embryo and single blastocyst transfer in patients retrieving different oocytes, so as to provide data support for selecting a clinical transfer strategy. Methods We made a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI)between January and December 2014 in the Reproductive Medicine Center,the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University.The patients were divided into three groups according to the number of oocytes received:Group A (5-9 oocytes),Group B (10 - 14 oocytes)and Group C (≥ 1 5 oocytes).Patients in each group all received four different transfer methods as follows:transfer of two fresh D3 embryos (a ),transfer of one fresh blastocyst (b ),transfer of two D3 frozen embryos (c ),and transfer of one frozen blastocyst (d ).We compared the 2PN fertilization rate of oocytes,rate of available embryos and rate of good embryos among the three groups.We also compared the embryo implantation rate,biochemical pregnancy rate,clinical pregnancy rate, multiplets rate and abortion rate among the four transfer methods in each group.Results ① There were 667, 573,and 479 transfer cycles in Group A,Group B and Group C,respectively.The 2PN fertilization rate of IVF and available embryos rate was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B and Group C (P =0.003/P <0.001).② There was no significant difference in biochemical pregnancy rate,clinical pregnancy rate or abortion rate with the four transfer methods in Group A (P >0.05),but the implantation rate of c was significantly lower than that of a and d (P =0.027/0.020),d had a higher implantation rate than a and c in Group B (P =0.005/0.001).In Group C,the biochemical pregnancy rate and clinical pregnancy rate of d were significantly higher than those of a (P =0.048/0.027)and c (P =0.003/0.001).Patients in Group C also had a higher implantation rate than D3 embryos (P <0.05).③ The multiple pregnancy rate of single blastocyst transfer decreased compared with D3 embryos transfer in the three groups (P <0.05).Conclusion Single blastocyst transfer has both higher implantation rate and lower multiple pregnancy rate in high response patients (1 5 or more oocytes received).For patients who received 5-9 and 10-14 oocytes,D3 embryos have a similar clinical pregnancy rate with that of single blastocyst but a higher multiple pregnancy rate.Single vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer has a higher clinical pregnancy rate.It is the best transfer method for patients who received more than 10 oocytes.

Objective To investigate and analyze the current situation of nurse standardized training in Dongguan City. Methods 55 hospitals in Dongguan City of current situation of nurse standardized training were investigated by the convenient stratified sampling method. Results A total of 55 hospitals (40 public hospitals and 15 private hospitals) responded to the survey. 54 questionnaires were statistically valid and 1 were invalid, with a recovery rate of 98. 18％. Compared with private hospitals, the standardized training of nurses in public hospitals was relatively good, and the degree of participation was higher, but there were still some defects, such as the uneven level of training teachers, imperfect training facilities and equipment, the training and assessment stage cannot be completed in accordance with the standardized training program of Dongguan nurses and the training methodsare not standardized. Conclusion The popularization of standardized training for nurses in hospitals at all levels in Dongguan should be further expanded, and the training programs should be more standardized and standardized, trainers should be trained in a unified manner to gain access so as to achieve homogenization.

Objective To validate the efficiency of 27-plex single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) multiplex system for ancestry inference. Methods The 27-plex SNP system was validated for its sensitivity and species specificity. A total of 533 samples were collected from African, Southern Chinese Han, China's ethic minorities (Yi, Hui, Miao, Tibet, and Uygur), European, Central Asian, Western Asian, Southern Asian, Southeast Asian and South American populations for clustering analysis of the genotypes by citing 3 representative continental ancestral groups [East Asia (CHB), Europe (CEU), and Africa (YRI)] from HapMap database. Results The system sensitivity is 0.125 ng. Twenty and six genotypes were detected in chimpanzee and monkeys, respectively. Except in rs10496971, no more products were found in other animals. The system was capable of differentiating intercontinental populations but not of distinguishing between East Asian and Southeast Asian population or between Southern Chinese Han population and Chinese Ethnic populations (Hui, Miao, Yi and Tibet). This system achieved a 100%accuracy for intercontinental population source inference for 46 blind test samples. Conclusion 27-plex SNPs multiplex system has a high sensitivity and species specificity and can correctly differentiate the ancestry origins of individuals from African, European and East Asian for criminal case investigation. But this system is not capable of distinguishing subpopulation groups and more specific ancestry-informative markers are needed to improve its recognition of Southeast Asian and Chinese ethnic populations.

Objective To validate the efficiency of 27-plex single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) multiplex system for ancestry inference. Methods The 27-plex SNP system was validated for its sensitivity and species specificity. A total of 533 samples were collected from African, Southern Chinese Han, China's ethic minorities (Yi, Hui, Miao, Tibet, and Uygur), European, Central Asian, Western Asian, Southern Asian, Southeast Asian and South American populations for clustering analysis of the genotypes by citing 3 representative continental ancestral groups [East Asia (CHB), Europe (CEU), and Africa (YRI)] from HapMap database. Results The system sensitivity is 0.125 ng. Twenty and six genotypes were detected in chimpanzee and monkeys, respectively. Except in rs10496971, no more products were found in other animals. The system was capable of differentiating intercontinental populations but not of distinguishing between East Asian and Southeast Asian population or between Southern Chinese Han population and Chinese Ethnic populations (Hui, Miao, Yi and Tibet). This system achieved a 100%accuracy for intercontinental population source inference for 46 blind test samples. Conclusion 27-plex SNPs multiplex system has a high sensitivity and species specificity and can correctly differentiate the ancestry origins of individuals from African, European and East Asian for criminal case investigation. But this system is not capable of distinguishing subpopulation groups and more specific ancestry-informative markers are needed to improve its recognition of Southeast Asian and Chinese ethnic populations.

In this study, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Ginkgo biloba extract 50 (GBE50) and its mechanism of action on NLRP3 inflammatory corpuscles were observed by primary microglia cells. LPS/ATP was used to stimulate microglia, and the best time for stimulation and optimal concentration of GBE50 were screened. Pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 and TNF-α was determined by ELISA. Western blot was performed to observe the protein expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 and IL-1 in cultured primary rat microglia. Effect of GBE50 on NLRP3 inflammatory corpuscle aggregation was detected by CO-IP. GBE50 (10 mg·L⁻¹) preconditioning could significantly inhibit the expression of LPS (100 μg·L⁻¹,12 h), ATP (5 mmol·L⁻¹, 30 min) induced primary microglia corpuscle associated protein, inflammatory corpuscle aggregation, and the release of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α. These results indicated that GBE50 could inhibit the secretion of inflammatory factors after microglia activation, which is related to down regulating the protein expression and activity of NLRP3 inflammatory corpuscle.

The classical famous prescription Dajianzhong Decoction is recorded in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber written by Zhang Zhongjing in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It has a long history and definite clinical effects, while this prescription has not been manufactured into Chinese patent medicine preparation. We collected many ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) by using the method of bibliometrics and got 211 valid data terms which involved 67 ancient books. The history, main treated syndromes, formulation principle, origins and processiong of medicinal materials, and decoction method of Dajianzhong Decoction were analyzed. Despite the different views of various generations of medical experts toward the composition of this prescription, the compatibility ratio of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma to Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens is constant. Furthermore, we explored the origins of synonyms of Dajianzhong Decoction. On the basis of this study, we hope to gain an insight into the research and development of the compound preparations of Dajianzhong Decoction and provide reference for the heritage and innovation of other classical prescriptions.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Prescriptions ; Rhizome

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the pathogenic role of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in pulmonary hyper-permeability and inflammation induced by lung-protective mechanical ventilation (LPMV) in rabbits. METHODS: Thirty-two healthy Japanese white rabbits were randomized into 4 groups for treatment with vehicle or bestatin (a leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitor that inhibits LTB4 production) administered intragastrically at the daily dose of 8 mg/kg for 5 days, followed by sham operation (group S and group BS, respectively, in which the rabbits were anesthetized only) or LPMV (group PM and group BPM, respectively, in which the rabbits received ventilation with 50% oxygen at a tidal volume of 8 mL/kg for 5 h). The concentrations of LTB4 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the lung tissues were analyzed by ELISA. cAMP content, protein kinase A (PKA) protein expression and the Rap1-GTP protein to total Rap1 protein ratio were determined to assess the activities of cAMP/PKA and Rap1 signaling pathways. The lung injury was evaluated by assessing lung permeability index, lung wet/dry weight ratio, polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), pulmonary myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and lung histological scores. RESULTS: None of the examined parameters differed significantly between group S and group BS. All the parameters with the exception of lung histological score increased significantly in group PM and group BPM as compared to those in group S ( CONCLUSIONS LPMV can induce LTB4 overproduction to down-regulate cAMP/PKA and Rap1 signaling pathways in the lungs of rabbits, which results in lung hyper-permeability and inflammation. Bestatin can inhibit LTB4 production in the lungs to protect against LPMV-induced lung hyper-permeability and inflammation.
Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Leukotriene B4 ; Lung ; Lung Injury/prevention & control* ; Neutrophils ; Rabbits ; Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects*

Zidovudine (AZT), the first drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, is metabolized in the host cells to 5'-AZT triphosphate (AZT-TP) which inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase. As the pharmacokinetics of AZT and its phosphorylated metabolites in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) is limited, the aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of AZT and its phosphorylated metabolites in hPBMCs from 12 healthy Chinese male subjects after a single oral dose of 600 mg of AZT. Blood samples were collected prior to drug administration, then at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 10 h after drug administration. Mononuclear cells collected by Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation were used for determination of AZT and metabolites [AZT monophosphate (AZT-MP), AZT diphosphate (AZT-DP) and AZT-TP] and the plasma was used to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of AZT. Plasma concentration of AZT peaked within 0.583 h and intracellular concentrations of AZT, AZT-MP, AZT-DP and AZT-TP peaked within 1.083, 1.500, 1.417 and 1.583 h, respectively. AZT in plasma was eliminated rapidly with t 1/2 of 2.022 h, and AZT-MP, AZT-DP and AZT-TP were eliminated with t 1/2 of 13.428, 8.285 and 4.240 h, respectively. The plasma concentration of the phosphorylated metabolites was not quantifiable.