BACKGROUND: With the development of n0eo-adjuvant chemotherapy, 5-year survival rate of bone tumors has significantly increased. Limb salvage has replaced amputation to become a major means of treating knee tumors and has achieved good results. OBJECTIVE: To investigate and compare the effect of knee joint reconstruction using hinge-knee system and rotating knee system. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Comparative observation. The patients were selected from Department of Spine and Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gaungxi Medical University between June 1999 and March 2006. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 72 patients with tumor round the knee were selected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Gaungxi Medical University, and 9 cases were lost in follow-up. Of the remaining 63 cases, there were 35 males and 28 females, aged 31 years (range, 15-58 years); 40 cases underwent knee joint reconstruction using hinge-knee system and 23 using rotating knee system. METHODS: The tumor excision of superior tibia was performed according to Ennecking principle. After joint reduction of hinge-knee prosthesis, the bolt was adjusted and locked; the high polymer polyethylene pad was placed in rotating knee system, and the joint rotation axis was assembled. The tumor excision of inferior tibia was performed from the medial thigh along medial vastus muscle posterior margin till medial patellar ligament of superior tibia. After joint reduction of hinge-knee prosthesis, the bolt was adjusted and locked; the high polymer polyethylene pad was placed in rotating knee system, and the joint rotation axis was assembled. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The treatment effect was evaluated according to MSTS functional scores, ambulation scores, flexion-extension-angle, knee rotation and infection, relapse and operative time. RESULTS: The 63 patients were followed up for 9 months to 8 years. In hinge-knee system group, operative time was (2.663±0.336) hours; there were 5 cases of relapse, 3 cases of metastasis/death and 2 case of infection. In rotating knee system group, operative time was (2.572±0.288) hours; there were 3 cases of relapse, 2 cases of metastasis/death, and 2 case of infection. One case in rotating knee system group developed fracture and dislocation of the polyethylene bush of rotating axis and there was no syndrome after changing fittings. No prosthesis loosening was found in two groups. With exception of patients with relapse and metastasis/death, 50 cases were evaluated, and no significant difference was found in MSTS scores between two groups (P > 0.05); the total score and single item score of ambulation scores in rotating knee system group were significantly greater than hinge-knee system group (P < 0.05). The extension angle in two groups reached or was close to 0°, and the flexion-extension angle of hinge-knee system group (119.375±17.490)° was similar to rotating knee system group (125.000±15.340)° (P=0.260). CONCLUSION: The rotating knee system displays superior function than hinge-knee system in knee salvage after surgery. Ambulation scores revealed that the knee joint function of the rotating knee system is superior over hinge-knee system, while the MSTS scores did not. Therefore, ambulation scores is more sensitive and appropriate to evaluate the function after knee salvage. There were no significant differences in operative time and flexion-extension ability and syndrome between two methods.

[Objective]To detect the effect of Etanercept on the Ti particles induced TNF-?IL-1 and IL-6 production by macrophage and to evaluate the validity of the etanercept on treatment of aseptic loosening of prosthesis.[Method]Separate and Cultivate mouse peritoneal macrophages were divide into 5 groups after 24 h.Group A was treated with M? alone,group B with M?+Ti particles,group C with M?+Ti particles + etanercept(10 ng/ml),group D with M? Ti particles + etanercept(100 ng/ml),group E with M? + Ti particles + etanercept(1000 ng/ml).After 18 h,the production of TNF-? IL-1 and IL-6 in culture supernatants was detected by ELISA.[Result]The levels of TNF-? IL-1 and IL-6 production were much higher in group B than those in group A,D,E(P0.05).[Conclusion]Is shows the Ti particles could stimulate M? to excrete profuse TNF-? IL-1 and IL-6 production,etanercept can significantly inhibited the production of TNF-? IL-1 and IL-6 secreted by Ti particles induced macrophages in a dose-dependent manner and hope to be a therapeutic candidate for the prevention of aseptic loosening.

0.05).Ambulation scores revealed significant difference (P

The Longhua Zhang's internal medicine,the famous clinical inheritance of Chinese medical schools in Shanghai,was well-known by their expert skills and high medical ethics during 370 years.This paper introduces the family origin and its academic characteristic.By studying the Shanghai local chronicles and the Longhua Zhang's genealogy,we learn how they innovating and improving the school.

Objective To increase the ultimate yield of periplocin in Periploca sepium adventitious root cultures by a two-stage culture based on nitrogen source.Methods Firstly,the effects of nitrogen source(NH<'+><,4>-NO<'-><,3>-)at different ratios and different total initial nitrogen amounts on the accumulation of biomass and secondary metabolites in adventitious root cultures of P sepium were investigated,and growth and production media for the two-stage culture based on the above results were established.Results The highest biomass and periplocin content were obtained in the culture medium of 15 mmol/L total nitrogen amount with NH<'+><,4>-NO<,3>(1:2)and 30 mmol/L total nitrogen amount with nitrate as the sole nitrogen source.By adopting a fed-batch cultivation strategy,the dry weight adventitious root,periplocin content and yield were increased by 136%,108%,and 389%,respectively when compared with those of the control,reaching up to 8.13 g/L,157.15 μg/g,and 1277.63 μg/L,respectively.Furthermore,it was found that in the process of two-stage culture,the adventitious roots grew thicker significantly after they were transferred into production medium directly.Conclusion The ultimate yield of periplocin in P.sepium adventitious root cultures could be significantly increased by a two-stage culture based on nitrogen source.

Microwaves can be directly transformed into heat inside materials because of their ability of penetrating into any substance. The degree that materials are heated depends on their dielectric properties. Materials with high dielectric loss are more easily to reach a resonant state by microwaves field, then microwaves can be absorbed efficiently. Microwave irradiation technique with the unique heating mechanisms could induce drug-polymer interaction and change the properties of dissolution. Many benefits such as improving product quality, increasing energy efficiency and reducing times can be obtained by microwaves. This paper summarized characteristics of the microwave irradiation technique, new preparation techniques and formulation process in pharmaceutical industry by microwave irradiation technology. The microwave technology provides a new clue for heating and drying in the field of pharmaceutics.

Objective To investigate the effect of passive exercise on neural functional recovery after peripheral nerve crushed injury.MethodsThe effect of passive exercise on early peripheral nerve regeneration and recovery of motor function were observed with electrophysiological and histological indexes compared with that of the splinting group.ResultsThe nerve conduction of training group was faster than that in the splinting group,and the latency of compound muscle action potentials(CMAP)was shorter(P<0.05).The thickness of myelin sheath,average numbers of myelinated nerve fibera per area and diameter of regenerating axon in training group were larger than those in the splinting group(P<0.05).The wet weight of sural triceps of training group were bigger than that of the splinting group(P<0.01).ConclusionThe passive exercise can improve the early recovery of motor function and neural regeneration after peripheral nerve crushed injury.

Objective To study the influence of the distance of displaced fragment on the union of diaphysis fracture. Methods A wedge-shaped bone fragment was taken from central radial of the right forelimb of 120 New Zealand white rabbits for estabhshment of experimental animal model. The bone fragment was fixed to the main bone with two Kirschner wires, with certain space between bone fragment and the main bone. Then, the rabbits were divided into five groups, ie, Group A (in situ fixation),Group B (the space was 1/5 diameter of the radial shaft), Group C (the space was 2/5 diameter of the radial shaft), Group D (the space was 3/5 diameter of the radial shaft), Group E (the space was 4/5 diameter of the radial shaft). The animals were killed at 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks after operation. X-ray photos were taken to observe the fracture healing and the improved Gary X-ray used for scoring. HE staining after tissue section was employed to observe the histomorphological changes of fracture healing. Immunohistochemical method was used to determine expression of BMP-2. Results X-ray findings showed insignificant statistical difference between Group A and Group B, delayed union in Groups C and D and nonunion of bone absorption in Group E. Morphological observation showed same change in fracture site in Groups A and B lout significant late in emergence, formation and remodeling of the callus in the other groups compared with Group A, mainly with delayed fracture union or nonunion. There was no statistical difference in expression of BMP-2 between Group B and Group A (P ＞ 0. 05), but there was statistical significance in Groups C, D and E compared with Group A at 2 weeks (P ＜0.01). There was statistical difference between Group E and Group A at 4 weeks (P ＜0. 01) but no statistical difference at 6 and 8 weeks between either two groups (P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusions The distance of displaced fragment will influence fracture healing. The larger distance of the displaced fragment will beget more obvious influence on fracture healing. When the distance is more than 2/5 diameter of the bone shaft, the fracture will present union disorder.

iRGD-modified sterically stabilized liposomes loaded doxorubicin (iRGD-SSL-DOX) were prepared and their cellular toxicity and anti-tumor efficacy were evaluated, comparing to doxorubixin loaded sterically stabilized liposomes (SSL-DOX) and RGD modified doxorubixin loaded sterically stabilized liposomes (RGD-SSL-DOX). The iRGD peptide, with both tumor targeting and cell penetrating functions, was conjugated to DSPE-PEG-NHS and DSPE-PEG-iRGD was obtained. DSPE-PEG-RGD was gained in the same way. iRGD-SSL-DOX, RGD-SSL-DOX and SSL-DOX were prepared by ammonium sulfate gradient method. The size and zeta potential of the liposomes were characterized by dynamic laser light scattering. The cellular toxicity study was done on B16 melanoma cell line and the anti-tumor efficacy study was carried on B16 cell line bearing C57BL/6 mice. The results showed that the particle sizes of liposomes were all around 90-100 nm. DOX entrapment efficiency was above 95%. The formulations were with good preparation reproducibility. iRGD-SSL-DOX showed no significant difference in B16 cellular toxicity with SSL-DOX and RGD-SSL-DOX, but the anti-tumor efficacy on B16 melanoma bearing C57BL/6 mice was significantly better than that of SSL-DOX, similar as that of RGD-SSL-DOX. Therefore, iRGD modified liposomes loaded DOX would be a promising drug delivery system for tumor therapy.

ObjectiveTo investigate the distribution characteristics of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes in patients with hepatitis C in Guizhou, China, and to provide a basis for the prevention and individualized treatment of HCV infection. MethodsA total of 1211 HCV RNA-positive patients with hepatitis C who were treated in Guiyang Public Health Clinical Center from September 2011 to October 2018 were enrolled. PCR direct sequencing was performed to obtain HCV sequences, which were then compared with the known HCV sequences in GenBank to obtain HCV genotypes and subgenotypes. The association of genotype distribution with sex, age, ethnic group, region, and route of infection was analyzed. The chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. ResultsA total of 4 genotypes and 11 subgenotypes were detected among the 1211 individuals with HCV infection, with the main genotypes of 1b (26.84%), 3b (27.17%), and 6a (24.28%). There was a significant difference in the distribution of HCV genotypes between the male and female individuals (χ2=15.428, P=0.009); 29.34% of the male individuals had genotype 3b, and 32.21% of the female individuals had genotype 1b. There was a significant difference in the distribution of HCV genotypes between different age groups (χ2=67.439, P＜0.001); genotype 1b was the main genotype in the individuals aged ≤18 years (66.67%) or ≥60 years (58.93%), genotypes 3b and 6 were the main genotypes in the individuals aged 19-39 years (28.93% and 29.29%, respectively), and genotypes 1b, 3b, and 6 were the main genotypes in the individuals aged 40-59 years (29.54%, 27.33%, and 24.28%, respectively). There was a significant difference in the distribution of HCV genotypes between the individuals with different routes of infection (χ2=153.916, P＜0001); the most common route of infection was intravenous drug addiction (57.97%), followed by sexual contact (8.42%) and invasive cosmetic surgery (8.42%); genotype 3b was the main genotype in the individuals with intravenous drug addiction (31.48%) or invasive cosmetic surgery (32.35%), and genotype 6 was the main genotype in the individuals with sexual contact (36.27%). There was no significant difference in the distribution of HCV genotypes between the individuals in different ethnic groups or from different regions of Guizhou (both P＞0.05). ConclusionThe distribution of HCV genotypes is diverse in Guizhou, and HCV strains with genotypes 3b, 1b, and 6a are the main epidemic strains. Several rare subgenotypes of HCV genotype 6 are observed. There is a significant difference in the distribution of HCV genotypes between the individuals with different ages, sexes, or routes of infection.