The viral genome editing technologies have been shown to largely contribute to the stud-ies of viral gene functions and to the treatment of infectious diseases. With the development of genetic engi-neering technologies, a variety of viral genome mutation technologies have been established. The homologous recombination is traditionally used to edit the viral genome, but the low frequency of homologous recombina-tion limits its application. Large genome DNA viruses including herpes simplex virus 1 can be edited by bac-terial artificial chromosome system. However, the cloning of viral genome to bacterial artificial chromosome plasmid is both laborious and time-consuming, and parts of the plasmid genes or drug selection markers may remain in the genome of virus and then affect the function of virus. Fortunately, the CRISPR-cas9 system which was discovered in 2013 can be used to edit the viral genome efficiently and accurately. Furthermore, the experiment is simple and will not leave any trail of the viral genome when the genetic mutation is per-formed. Here, we briefly review the application of homologous recombination, bacterial artificial chromosome system and CRISPR-cas9 system in researches on herpes simplex virus 1.

The chemical stability of aqueous solution of ferulic acid was studied by the constant temperature accelerated test according to the princiPle of chemical dynamics. The ferulic acid in sample was determined by HPLC. The result showed that the decomposition of ferulic acid in aqueous solution accords with the primary reaction. At room temperature (25℃),the time of decomposition of 10℃ ferulic acid in aqueous solution (the expiry date of drug) was calculated robe 19. 36mo and 17.41 too-20. 69mo,calculated by classical and simple calculation methods, respectively.

Normal perfusion pressure breakthrough is a serious complication that may occur in the treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. This article reviews the progress in research on normal perfusion pressure breakthrough in recent years. It mainly investigates its pathogeneses, predictive methods and prevention and treatment strategies.

Objective To investigate the situation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains carrying metallo-β-lactamases and inte-grases in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University.Methods The phenotype of metallo-β-lactamases were detected by modified Hodge test,double-disc synergy and combination paper method,respectvily.PCR method was used to detecte metallo-β-lactamases genotypes and the integrationⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ.The PCR products of the whole length bla-IMP gene were purified,sequenced and analyzed by Blast.Results Among 62 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains,metallo-β-lactamases phenotype of 3 by modified hodge test,4 by double-disc synergy test,4 by combination paper method and were all positive 4 of IMP-1 type metallo-β-lactamases of Pseudomonasaeruginosa strains (10%,4/40)were positives by PCR.Inte-grase Ⅰ of 16(40 %,16/40)strains were positives by PCR method in IMP-resistant Pseudomonasaeruginosa,and integraseⅠ of 22.73 %(5/22)were positives in IMP-sensitive Pseudomonasaeruginosa.No other metallo-β-lactamases,integraseⅡandⅢ were detected in this study.Conclusion IMP-type metallo-β-lactamase existed in IMP-resistant Pseudomonasaerugi-nosa isolates of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University.Most strains carried integraseⅠ,and other re-sistance mechanisms may be associated with multi-drug resistance,so it is important to prevent the Pseudomonasaeruginosa strains which carried metallo-β-lactamases and integrons widely spread in the hospital.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of humanistic care on medication compliance and social function of schizophrenic patients. Methods:76 patients with schizophrenia were randomly divided into two groups within two days of hospital admission. The observational group was applied humanistic care but the control group with rou-tine care. All the information related to the present study was collected using unified language. At the time of ad-mission, day 1, day 14, day 28 and day 56 after the intervention, the effect of humanistic care was evaluated by medication compliance, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ( BPRS) , Personal and Social Performance Scale ( PSP) and Family Concern Index Questionnaire ( APGAR) . Results:The patient′s medication compliance rate in the obser-vational group was higher than those in the control group, especially, at the time of day 56, the patients in the ob-servational group ( full compliance : 66%, partial compliance: 44%) was significantly better than those in the control group ( full compliance 19%, partial compliance 66%, incompliance 15%) . There were no statistical difference in the two groups of the BPRS scores on day 1 and day 14 of admission, however, the scores of the pa-tients in the observational group was significantly lower than those in the control group on day 28 and day 56 . As for PSP, the result was similar to BPRS on day 1 and day 14, while the PSP score of the patients in the observational group was significantly higher than those in the control group on day 28 and day 56. In terms of APGAR, the score of the patients in the observational group was significantly higher than those in the control study except day 1 of ad-mission. Conclusion:Humanistic care has positive effects on medication compliance and social function of schizo-phrenic patients especially after hospital discharge. The implementation of humanistic care would guide patients to maintain the capacity of life, labor and social communication, enhance the patient's sense of control over life, and improve their confidence to overcome the disease. With humanistic care, patients are more willing to cooperate with treatment, and further to reduce the recurrence and degradation of social function.

Objective To explore the association between the genetic polymorphism of CYP3A4,CYP2D6 and response to methadone maintenance treatment(MMT)among heroin-dependent patients.Methods Patients undergoing MMT in 6 MMT clinics were randomly selected,information about general socia-demographic characteristics,drug abuse history,and MMT data of patients were collected,genotypes of peripheral blood CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 polymorphic loci were detected.Results A total of 820 patients were enrolled in the study,210 cases were with good response and 610 cases with poor response to MMT.Difference in age between different response groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Distribution of genotype frequency and allele frequency of CYP3A4 rs2242480 and CYP2D6 rs16947 between good response and poor response groups was not significantly different(both P>0.05).Conclusion The association between CYP3A4 rs2242480,CYP2D6 rs16947 and response to MMT has not yet found in heroin-dependent patients.

Objective To study clinical effect after laparoscopic abdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair methodwithout stapler. Methods 80 cases of inguinal hernia(hospitalized from February 2015 to January 2017)were divided into two groups according to the random number table method ,with 40 patients in each group. Traditional laparoscopic peritoneal inguinal hernia repair method was applied in the control group. Free stapler group received free stapler laparoscopic preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair treatment method. Operation time , amount of bleeding during surgery , the average hospitalization time after operation , the total cost of hospitalization,postoperative pain score,postoperative recovery activities time,patients′satisfaction,operation effusion after operation occurred scrotal hematoma and other complications were comparedbetween the two groups of patients. Results In free stapler group,patients′ satisfaction rate was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05). Area of effusion,scrotal hematoma and other complications infree stapler group after surgery were significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). Total cost of hospitalization,postoperative pain score, postoperative recovery time activities in free stapler group were significantly better than those in the control group (P<0.05). Operation time,bleeding amount during the operation,average hospitalization time difference between the two groups were not statistically significant(P > 0.05). Conclusion Operation time and amount of bleeding were similar between traditional laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair method and free stapler in laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair.Clinical effect of free stapler in laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair proves to be effective with less complications ,less pain, faster postoperative recovery, and can reduce the cost of treatment.Free stapler in laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair has satisfactory cosmetic results and was well received by patients,worthy of promotion.

Objective To investigate the etiology and risk factors of stroke in young adults from Southern Sichuan, China to provide a basis for prevention and treatment of stroke. Methods The data of 398 young patients with first-ever stroke (aged 18 to 44) admitted to department of Neurology, the Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College from 2009 to 2013 was retrospectively analyzed. Four hundred twenty-five cases of stroke (aged greater than or equal to 45) were re?cruited by stratified random sampling to analyze its causes and risk factors in the same period. Results ① Young stroke accounted for 6.09% of all hospitalized stroke patients in which 78.39% of young stroke was ischemic, 64.57%was male and 58.04% aged from 40 to 44. ② According to TOAST etiology classification group, the percentage of large-artery atherosclerosis, small-vessel, cardioembolism, other determined and undetermined reasons were 56.09%, 17.95%, 9.93%, 10.90% and 5.13% in young stroke, respectively. Compared with the elderly group, other determined and undetermined reasons were higher, and the small-vessel was lower in young stroke (P<0.05). Hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage accounted for 50%of Hemorrhage in young group, and the type of Hemorrhage between two groups was no statistically significant.(P>0.05).③ Risk factors analysis revealed that the constituent ratio of smoking (34.92%), hyper?lipidemia (31.41%), alcohol (20.10%), obesity (13.07%), rheumatic heart disease (6.03%) in youth group were higher whereas hypertension(66.12%), diabetes(20.47%)and coronary heart disease(10.82%)were lower in young stroke com?pared with the elderly group (P<0.05). Conclusion ①Large-artery atherosclerosis is the most common etiology of youth ischemic stroke. ② Hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage is the most frequent type in Hemorrhagic stroke. ③ Hyperten?sion, smoking and hyperlipidemia are the most common risk factors to stroke.

Objective To compare the clinical effects of proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) and proximal femoral nail antirotation-Ⅱ (PFNA-Ⅱ) in the internal fixation of femoral intertrochanteric fracture.Methods A retrospective study was conducted of the 54 patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture who had been treated at our department from May 2009 through July 2014.During May 2009 and November 2011,27 of them were treated with PFNA;during December 2011 and July 2014,the other 27 of them were treated with PFNA-Ⅱ.The 2 groups were compared in terms of operation time,intraoperative blood loss volume,hidden blood loss volume,intraoperative and postoperative complications,fracture healing time and Harris hip score at the last follow-up.Results In the PFNA group,27 patients were followed up for an average time of 22.6 ± 4.8 months.In the PFNA-Ⅱ group,27 patients were followed up for an average time of 19.5 ± 4.6 months.The PFNA group had significantly more intraoperative blood loss volume (130.1 ± 74.3 mL),and significantly higher rates of intraoperative lateral wall fracture of the proximal femur (18.5％,5/27),postoperative lateral thigh soft tissue irritation (22.2％,6/27) and postoperative thigh pain (22.2％,6/27) than the PFNA-Ⅱ group [46.3 ± 23.1 mL,0,3.7％ (1/27),3.7％ (1/27),respectively] (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in operation time,hidden blood loss,postoperative complications of internal diseases,fracture healing time,or Harris hip score of last follow-up (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with PFNA,PFNA-Ⅱ may lead to a smaller volume of intraoperative blood loss and a lower incidence of complications related to internal fixation.

ObjectiveTo establish a method for content determination of total iridoid compounds and baldrinal and 11-ethoxyviburtinal from Valerianae Jatamansi Rhizoma et Radix; To determine the contents of total iridoid compounds and baldrinal and 11-ethoxyviburtinal in Valerianae Jatamansi Rhizoma et Radix from three medicinal origins.Methods UV spectrophotometry was applied, 11-ethoxyviburtinal (cyclopentane-pyran-7-formaldehyde, 4-ethoxy methyl) was set as the reference substance, and the content of total iridoid compounds was determined at 288 nm. HPLC method was used to simultaneously determine the contents of baldrinal and 11-ethoxyviburtinal. The HPLC analysis was performed on a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm). The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile-water in gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.95 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 288 nm and the column temperature was 30℃.Results The total iridoid compounds, baldrinal and 11-ethoxyviburtinal were in good linearity within the ranges of 2.088–14.616μg/μL, 74.88–224.64μg, and 41.6–249.6μg, respectively. This method was precise, and with good repeatability, stability and recovery rate.Conclusion The method is accurate, simple, rapid, which can be used for the quality control of Valerianae Jatamansi Rhizoma et Radix.