In the present study, the effect of serum (fetal bovine serum, FBS) on cellular uptake behaviors of DNA tetrahedron (TDNs) was investigated.Fluorescence-labeled TDNs were synthesized by self-assembly and purified with HPLC to achieve TDNs product with purity of 95%.By means of flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, the kinetics of TDNs endocytosis in HeLa cells in the presence or absence of FBS was compared.The results showed that TDNs remained intact in complete medium and cell lysate for more than 12 hours.FBS increased the amount of internalized TDNs in HeLa cells, whereas it did not change the route of caveolin-dependent endocytosis.Herein, our study provided a new insight into the effects of biomolecules on the interaction between cells and DNA nanostructures, which helped the future development of DNA-based intracellular nanocarriers.

Background To explore the relationship between polymorphism of APOE gene in traumatic brain injury(TBI)patients suffering from traffic accident and the outcome of TBI.Methods TBI patients were randomly selected in this study with caxe-wntrol trial. The genotype of APOE allele was tested by a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism ( PCR-RFLP), and the association between different genotypes of APOE alleles and outcome of TBI patients, were analyed.Results In TBI group frequency of APOE ε2 allele was 0. 1010, and frequency of APOE ε2/ε3 was 0. 1596.Both of these results were significantly higher than that in normal people (APOE epsilon 2 was 0. 0050, APOE ε2/ε3 was 0. 0100) (P＜0.05). Frequency of APOE ε2 and APOE ε2/ε3 in TBI group who died was 0. 1970 and 0. 2727. These were significantly high compared to TBI patients who had good recovery.Conclusions APOE allele ε2 and APOE genotype ε2/ε3alleles indicate a poor prognosis of traumatic brain injury patients.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of placement of S 2 alar iliac screw (S 2AI) using free-hand technique for sacrapelvic fusion in lumbar degenerative scoliosis. Methods:Eighteen patients with Lumbar Degenerative Scoliosis treated by S 2AI screw fixation at Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of People′s Liberation Army and Department of Orthopedics, 89th hospital of People′s Liberation Army from August 2014 to October 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 5 males and 13 females, aged 63.2 years old (range:55 to 71 years old).Parameters of spine including: Cobb Angle, C 7 plumb line -center sacral vertical line (C 7PL-CSVL), lumbar lordosis(LL), sagittal vertical axis(SVA), pelvic incidence(PI), pelvic tilt(PT), sacral slope (SS) and pI-LL were measured on the whole spine X-ray before operation and at final follow-up. Pelvic CT scan was performed postoperatively to assess the accuracy of S 2AI placement. Oswestry disability Index (ODI) was also recorded. The data were compared by paired t test or Wilcoxon tests. Results:All patients were followed up for 23.7 months (range: 12~62 months).At the last follow up, Cobb Angle decreased from (32.28±4.97) °preoperative to (6.56±3.20) ° ( t=41.142, P<0.01) and C 7PL-CSVL deceased from (1.11±2.07) cm preoperative to (0.18±1.08) cm ( t=41.142, P=0.06) .LL improved from (-22.39±13.07) °preoperative to (-36.39±4.29) ° ( t=4.470, P<0.01) , PI-LL decreased from (26.83±14.83)°preoperative to (13.72±8.3)° ( t=4.396, P<0.01) , PT decreased from (27.94±4.26) °to (23.39±6.08) ° ( t=2.680, P=0.02) , and SS increased from (22.22±6.36) °to (26.28±7.24) ° ( t=-2.178, P=0.04) .SVA decreased from (6.54±4.51) cm preoperative to (2.62±1.29) cm ( t=3.052, P=0.01) .ODI decreased from 0.58(0.40) ( M( QR)) to 0.18 (0.15) ( Z=-4.567, P<0.01) .No complications such as nerve and blood vessel injury occurred during the operation. A total of 32 S 2AI screws were placed, 3 screws were placed with mild to moderate cortical breaches, 2 were perforated the pelvis ventrally, 1 was perforated posteriorly, with no clinically notable neurovascular or visceral complications. Eight patients finished the SRS-22 questionnaire, with mean score of 4.4 in terms of satisfaction with management. Conclusions:Free-hand technique of S 2AI screw placement for sacrapelvic fusion in degenerative lumbar scoliosis is safe and feasible.S 2AI fixation in DLS can provide great correction of deformity, maintain the stability of lumbo-pelvic area and improve the clinical symptoms.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of placement of S 2 alar iliac screw (S 2AI) using free-hand technique for sacrapelvic fusion in lumbar degenerative scoliosis. Methods:Eighteen patients with Lumbar Degenerative Scoliosis treated by S 2AI screw fixation at Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of People′s Liberation Army and Department of Orthopedics, 89th hospital of People′s Liberation Army from August 2014 to October 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 5 males and 13 females, aged 63.2 years old (range:55 to 71 years old).Parameters of spine including: Cobb Angle, C 7 plumb line -center sacral vertical line (C 7PL-CSVL), lumbar lordosis(LL), sagittal vertical axis(SVA), pelvic incidence(PI), pelvic tilt(PT), sacral slope (SS) and pI-LL were measured on the whole spine X-ray before operation and at final follow-up. Pelvic CT scan was performed postoperatively to assess the accuracy of S 2AI placement. Oswestry disability Index (ODI) was also recorded. The data were compared by paired t test or Wilcoxon tests. Results:All patients were followed up for 23.7 months (range: 12~62 months).At the last follow up, Cobb Angle decreased from (32.28±4.97) °preoperative to (6.56±3.20) ° ( t=41.142, P<0.01) and C 7PL-CSVL deceased from (1.11±2.07) cm preoperative to (0.18±1.08) cm ( t=41.142, P=0.06) .LL improved from (-22.39±13.07) °preoperative to (-36.39±4.29) ° ( t=4.470, P<0.01) , PI-LL decreased from (26.83±14.83)°preoperative to (13.72±8.3)° ( t=4.396, P<0.01) , PT decreased from (27.94±4.26) °to (23.39±6.08) ° ( t=2.680, P=0.02) , and SS increased from (22.22±6.36) °to (26.28±7.24) ° ( t=-2.178, P=0.04) .SVA decreased from (6.54±4.51) cm preoperative to (2.62±1.29) cm ( t=3.052, P=0.01) .ODI decreased from 0.58(0.40) ( M( QR)) to 0.18 (0.15) ( Z=-4.567, P<0.01) .No complications such as nerve and blood vessel injury occurred during the operation. A total of 32 S 2AI screws were placed, 3 screws were placed with mild to moderate cortical breaches, 2 were perforated the pelvis ventrally, 1 was perforated posteriorly, with no clinically notable neurovascular or visceral complications. Eight patients finished the SRS-22 questionnaire, with mean score of 4.4 in terms of satisfaction with management. Conclusions:Free-hand technique of S 2AI screw placement for sacrapelvic fusion in degenerative lumbar scoliosis is safe and feasible.S 2AI fixation in DLS can provide great correction of deformity, maintain the stability of lumbo-pelvic area and improve the clinical symptoms.

Objective:To investigate the Kub stage classification of clinical renal tuberculosis and provide a reference for disease evaluation and management.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 180 patients diagnosed with renal tuberculosis who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University between January 2011 and December 2022. The 180 cases included 82 males and 98 females. The average age was (44.56±9.62) years. The tuberculosis lesions of 101 cases were on left kidney, while that of 79 cases were on right kidney. Localized/multiple lesions were observed in 118 cases, whereas extensive destruction was found in 62 cases. Moreover, the ureters were involved in 165 cases, and bladder invasion occurred in 139 cases. For patients undergoing renal preservation treatment, a comprehensive approach was employed, including ureteral stricture stenting and regular replacement of double-J stent, percutaneous nephrostomy, excision of tuberculosis lesions or partial nephrectomy, ureter reconstruction, and sigmoidocystoplasty. In cases requiring nephrectomy, either laparoscopic or open surgical approaches are utilized. Based on the results of patient imaging and endoscopy, staging and classification were performed based on the extent of tuberculosis lesions involving the kidneys (K), ureters (u), and bladder (b). The state for each above organ was divided into four stages: K stage (K 1-4), u stage (u 0-u 3), and b stage (b 0-b 3), which were then combined with the actual disease condition for further categorization. The classifications included local intrarenal type(K 1-2u 0b 0), local renal-ureteral involvement type(K 1-2u 1-2b 0-2), multiple renal-ureteral invasion type(K 3u 1-3b 0-2) and extensive destruction type(K 4u 1-3b 1-3). Further analysis was conducted on kidney preservation and subsequent disease progression among patients with different subtypes. Results:Among the 180 patients, 15 cases of local intrarenal type underwent kidney-preserving treatment. Out of these cases, 6 patients (4 patients in stage K 1u 0b 0 and 2 patients in stage K 2bu 0b 0) achieved clinical cure after receiving a pure durative anti-tuberculosis for two years. Additionally, 4 patients in stage K 2au 0b 0 attained clinical cure following anti-tuberculosis drugs combined with partial nephrectomy after two years of follow-up. Furthermore, 5 patients in stage K 2bu 0b 0 underwent ureteroscopy and D-J stent placement for regular stent replacement. The stents were subsequently removed after two years, and the patients remained clinically stable. Among the 47 cases with localized renal-ureteral involvement type, all initially underwent kidney-preserving treatment. Of these, 5 patients in stage K 1u 1b 0-2 achieved clinical remission, while disease progression necessitated nephrectomy for 3 patients in stage K 2au 1-2b 0-2 and 7 patients in stage K 2bu 1-2b 0-2. The remaining patients maintained stable conditions. Among the 56 cases of multiple renal-ureteral invasion type, stable conditions were observed in 9 out of 24 patients with stage K 3u 1-2b 0-2, while disease progression necessitated nephrectomy in 15 cases. Nephrectomy was performed for all 32 patients with stage K 3u 3b 0-2. In instances of extensive destruction type, nephrectomy was conducted for all 62 cases. The progression rates of the local renal-ureteral involvement type and the multiple renal-ureteral invasion type were 21.28% (10/47) and 48.39% (15/31), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The kidney preservation rates of the local renal-ureteral involvement type and multiple renal-ureteral invasion type were 78.72% (37/47) and 16.07% (9/56), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.001). Conclusions:The Kub stage classification can provide reference to management and monitoring for renal tuberculosis. The patients in the local intrarenal type and local renal-ureteral involvement type are often treated with anti-tuberculosis plus ureteral stent implantation or partial nephrectomy or ureteral reconstruction. The patients in the multiple renal-ureteral invasion type and extensive destruction type are mostly managed by nephrectomy.

Ocular diseases include various anterior and posterior segment diseases. Due to the unique anatomy and physiology of the eye, efficient ocular drug delivery is a great challenge to researchers and pharmacologists. Although there are conventional noninvasive and invasive treatments, such as eye drops, injections and implants, the current treatments either suffer from low bioavailability or severe adverse ocular effects. Alternatively, the emerging nanoscience and nanotechnology are playing an important role in the development of novel strategies for ocular disease therapy. Various active molecules have been designed to associate with nanocarriers to overcome ocular barriers and intimately interact with specific ocular tissues. In this review, we highlight the recent attempts of nanotechnology-based systems for imaging and treating ocular diseases, such as corneal d iseases, glaucoma, retina diseases, and choroid diseases. Although additional work remains, the progress described herein may pave the way to new, highly effective and important ocular nanomedicines.