Objective To investigate the relationship between spontaneous hemorrhagic transformation and prognosis after cerebral infarction.Methods Three hundred and thirty-seven cases with acute ischemic stroke at the Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from Nov.2011 to Jul.2012 were selected as our subjects.All the relevant clinic and laboratory examination data which influencing spontaneous hemorrhagic transformation were collected.Brain CT or MRI within 3 d after admission or when neurological deficit deterioration happened was performed.Based on brain CT scan or MRI,patients were divided into hemorrhagic transformation(HT) group or non-HT(NHT) group.All cases were followed up for 3 month.Results All of 337 patients,44 cases occurred in spontaneous hemorrhagic transformation,accounting for 13.1％.The mortality rate was 6.8％ (3 cases) in 3 months followed-up at HT group,and the death/disability rate was 47.7％ (21 cases).Meanwhile,the mortality rate was 7.5％ (21 cases) in 3 months followed-up at NHT group,and the death/ disability rate was 35.5％ (104 cases).There was no significant difference between the two groups(x2 =3.10,P =0.376).Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age (OR =1.054,95 ％ CI 1.021-1.087),gender(OR =2.131,95％ CI 1.151-3.945) and the national institutes of health stroke scale(OR =1.275,95％ CI 1.174-1.384) were independent predictors of death/dependence at 3 months after ischemic stroke attacked.Conclusion Spontaneous hemorrhagic transformation is not the risk factor of death/dependence on 3 month after symptom onset for ischemic stroke patients.Spontaneous hemorrhagic transformation should be detected as early as possible and adjusted therapy scheme in time,which will help in terms of prognosis.

Objective To investigate the relationship between plasma resistin level and insulin resistance in the patients with cerebrovascular disease.Methods Fasting plasma resistin and insulin (INS) protein levels were determined by ELISA method in 50 patients with atherothrombotic cerebral infarction (ACI), 36 patients with lacunar infarction (LI), 36 patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and 46 healthy control subjects. Blood glucose, blood lipid, blood pressure, height and weight were measured. Body mass index (BMI) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were caculated as well.Results Compared with the control subjects, there were significantly higher fasting plasma insulin protein level and lower QUICKI in the ACI and ICH patients ( P

Objective To study the effects of hyperglycemia plasma glucose and insulin intervention on the cerebral injury after ischemia-reperfusion in rats.Methods 160 male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:sham operation group,normal plasma glucose group,hyperglycemia group and insulin intervention group(40 rats in each group).The rats of hyperglycemia and insulin intervention groups were given STZ to induce hyperglycemia model.All the rats except for those in the sham operation group were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion and then reperfusion.The reperfusion was started at 1 h,6 h,12 h and 24 h after 2 h ischemia.The neurologic functional scores,infarct volume and numbers of neuron apoptosis of the rats were analyzed with the neurological severity score(NSS),TTC staining assay and TUNEL method,respectively after the 2ats wake up.Results Compared with normal plasma glucose group,worse neurological function score,larger infarct size and more number of apoptotic neurons were found in hyperglycemia group at the same reperfusion time(all P

0.05) . Conclusions The A-allele in rs918592 may one of the risk factors in development of ICVD in the Han people in China. PDE4D gene may be not included glycometabolic mechanism to effect ICVD.

This study aims to analyze and improve Howland current source circuit and to study the constant current source of alternating current with high output impedance and high stability. A simulation study was carried out on the constant-current characteristics of Howland current source from two aspects of resistance match value and the selection of Op amp parameters, and then the output impedance was analyzed. The simulation experiment showed that when it was with the best matched resistance, the constant-current characteristics of Howland current source was better. Op amp parameters could affect the constant-current characteristics of Howland current source. In Howland current source circuit, the current source after parameter optimization had better output impedance and load capacity. The results showed that there was the best matched resistance in the selection by Howland current source. The Op amp with large broadband, high slew rate and open loop gain, and wide range of power supply voltage is more suitable for the bioelectrical impedance detection circuit.
Electric Impedance ; Electric Power Supplies ; Electricity

Objective To determine the frequency of depression in patients with Parkinson' s disease(PD) and healthy controls over 50 years of age and to analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of PD with depression(PDD) in Nanjing.Methods One hundred and twenty-six PD patients were diagnosed and assessed using Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD).The frequency,characteristics and influencing factors of depression were statistically analyzed,and the factor analysis of HAMD was carried out.Also,one hundred and twenty-four healthy subjects over the age of 50 were selected as the control group.Ressults The incidence of depression in PD group was 48.4％ ( 61/126):15.1％ (19/126) for mild depression,27.8％ (35/126) for moderate depression,5.6％ (7/126) for severe depression.The incidence of depression in the control group was 9.7％ (12/124):5.7％ (7/124) for mild depression,2.4％ (3/124) for moderate depression,1.6％ (2/124) for severe depression.There was a significant difference between these two groups( x2 =45.36,P ＜ 0.01 ).Univariate and Logistic regression analysis revealed that a high frequency of depression occurred in patients with long PD duration,high H-Y stage and UPDRS Ⅲ.According to each factor analysis of HAMD,the scores of cognitive impairment,tardiness,anxiety and sleep disturbances of the PD patients with depressive syndromes were higher than that of the control group.Conclusion Depression is a relatively common complication of PD in Nanjing which is associated with long PD duration,severity of motor disturbances and increasing H-Y stage.

Objective To investigate the association between PARK16 gene polymorphism and Parkinson's disease(PD)susceptibility in Chinese Han population.and to analyze its single-nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)genotypes,frequencies and odds ratios(OR)of different genotypes.Methods The association between two SNP loci in PARK16 gene(Rs947211,Rs823128)and PD susceptibility was investigated by TaqMan quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)in 226 PD patients and 362 healthy controls.Allele and genotype frequencies were calculated by the Chi-square test,and the clinical data were also analyzed.Results Three genotypes of Rs947211(GG,AG and AA)account for 34.1%(77/226),46.0%(104/226),19.9%(45/226)in the PD group,and 23.8%(86/362),53.0%(192/362),23.2%(84/362)in the control group,respectively.There was significant difference between two groups (P<0.05).Setting the GG genotype as the reference,OR values of AG and AA genotype were 0.57(95%CI0.38-0.85,P=0.006)and 0.55(95%CI 0.34-0.85,P=0.015),while the OR value for exposure to the A allele(AA+AG)was 0.56(95%CI0.38-0.82,P=0.003).Genotypes of Iate-onset PD were also significantly different from the controls(OR valne of AG=0.46,95%CI 0.27-0.78,P=0.004:OR value of AA=0.35.95%CI 0.18-0.68,P=0.002).And there was no diffefence in clinical features among the 3 genotypes. The frequency of Rs823128, another locus, in PD group was not significantly different from the control group( AA genotype as the reference, OR value of AG was 1. 12, 95% CI 0. 75-1.68, P = 0.568; OR value of GG was 0.99, 95% CI 0.35-2.76, P = 0.994). Conclusion Polymorphism of PARK 16 locus Rs947211 is associated with PD patients in Chinese Han population.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of vestibular migraine (VM), in order to understand the auditory and vestibular function. METHOD: One hundred cases of confirmed or suspected VM patients were observed. Routine examination including pure tone test, vestibular dual temperature test and vestibular evoked myogenic potential(VEMP) and video head impulse test(v-HIT) Were conducted. RESULT: The incidence of male and female was about 1.00 : 2. 57. The average age of onset was 47 years, of which the youngest was 19 years old, and the oldest was 74 years old. Ninty-three cases of patients presented with vestibular sensitive performance, including photophobia, phonophobia,or motion sensitive. Fourty-two patients had migraine at the onset of the disease. Thirty-four patients had cochiear symptoms, including tinnitus, ear fullness, or epicophosis. In seventeen cases of fatigue, tension or poor sleep can cause vertigo. Nine patients had low blood pressure, 7 patients presented with hypertension. Two cases of vertigo were closely related to the change of position, and 1 case had visual aura. In the experiment, 94 patients had undergone VEMP test,with 44 cases of abnormal VEMP value. Seventy-nine patients had been examined v-HIT,of whom 2 patients were abnormal (both of which were reduced). Pure tone audiometry was abnormal in 35 cases. Five cases of patients showed abnormal vestibular-double temperature test. CONCLUSION Vestibular migraine is more prone to female, with young middle age, and can be accompanied by cochlear symptoms. Vestibular function tests (low frequency and high frequency) are normal.
Adult ; Aged ; Audiometry, Pure-Tone ; Evoked Potentials ; Female ; Head Impulse Test ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Migraine Disorders ; diagnosis ; Vestibular Function Tests ; Vestibule, Labyrinth ; physiopathology ; Young Adult

The pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) remains unclear. There is a lack of specific treatment methods, and there is no unified evaluation standard for its clinical efficacy. In recent years, in addition to traditional drug therapy, the role of non-drug therapy in VCI therapy has gradually attracted attention. This article reviews the drug therapy, non-drug therapy and preventive interventions to improve the cognitive symptoms of VCI.

Objective:To investigate the protective effect and potential mechanisms of microRNA-26a-5p (miR-26a-5p) on podocyte injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD).Methods:(1) In vivo experiment: Four-week-old db/db mice were divided into db/db group, db/db+agomir-NC group and db/db+miR-26a-5p agomir group according to random number table method, with 10 mice in each group, and 10 db/m mice of the same week-old were set as normal control group. At the age of 10 weeks, pathological changes were observed through light and electron microscopy. Kidney weight/body weight (KW/BW), urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and other biochemical indicators were also detected. The position and expression of miR-26a-5p in kidney tissue were determined through fluorescence in situ hybridization and quantitative real-time PCR, while the expressions of transient receptor potential cation channel-6 (TRPC6) and Nephrin in kidney tissue were determined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. (2) In vitro experiment: The immortalized mouse podocytes (MPC5) were divided into 5 groups: normal glucose group, high mannitol group, high glucose group, high glucose+miR-26a-5p mimic group, and high glucose+mimic-NC group. The expressions of miR-26a-5p, TRPC6 and Nephrin were detected. Luciferase reporter assay was conducted to research the relationship of miR-26a-5p and TRPC6. Results:(1) In vivo experiment: Compared with db/m group, db/db mice exhibited lower KW/BW and disrupted conditions of ACR, FBG, total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (all P<0.01). Increased glomeruli volume, more extracellular matrix deposition, thicker basement membrane and more foot process fusion were observed by light and electron microscope. Increased expression of TRPC6 protein as well as decreased expression of Nephrin protein and miR-26a-5p were detected in kidney tissues of db/db mice ( P<0.05). Compared with db/db+agomir-NC group, db/db mice transfected by miR-26a-5p agomir exhibited less albuminuria, with less protein expression of TRPC6 and more Nephrin in kidney tissue (all P<0.05). (2) In vitro experiment: Compared with normal glucose group, high glucose-treated podocytes exhibited increased expression of TRPC6 ( P<0.05), as well as decreased expression of Nephrin ( P<0.05) and miR-26a-5p ( P<0.01). Compared with high glucose+mimic-NC group, lower expression of TRPC6 and higher expression of Nephrin were detected in podocytes transfected by miR-26a-5p mimic (both P<0.05). Luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-26a-5p could regulate the expression of TRPC6 precisely. Conclusions:The expression of miR-26a-5p in podocytes is down-regulated in the context of high glucose and miR-26a-5p protects podocytes from injury via inhibiting the expression of TRPC6 in DKD.