Objective To comparison of the effect of tigrine and clopidogrel in PCI in patients with STEMI .Methods 118 cases of routine PCI in patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction from March 2014 to May 2014 in our hospital were select, according to random number table method to all of the patients were randomly divided into clopidogrel group (group A) and tigrine group(group B), preoperative group A received 300 mg of aspirin combined with 600 mg of clopidogrel for treatment,group B received 300 mg aspirin combined with 180g of tigrolipine for preoperative treatment.Compared the two groups of patients with intraoperative infarct-related artery myocardial infarction thrombolytic test three blood flow and 1.5 hours after ST segment fall, postoperative heart B in the situation, the incidence of dyspnea, adverse cardiac events, bleeding events.Results The incidence of ST segment depression and the incidence of ST segment depression in group B were significantly higher than those in group A (t=12.234,χ2 =7.829,P<0.05).One month after surgery, B group of patients with LVEF value was significantly higher than the A group (t=5.393,P<0.05);there was no significant difference in LVDD between the two groups.The incidence of dyspnea and immediate TIMI grade 3 blood flow in group B were 24.6% and 88.5%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in group A and 8.8% and 68.4% (χ2 =4.293,χ2 =4.392,P<0.05). The incidence of adverse cardiovascular events was 19.3% in group A, which was significantly higher than that in group B (χ2 =2.193,P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of bleeding between the two groups.Conclusion The use of STEMI patients underwent PCI surgery ticagrelor treatment, in case of the risk of bleeding can effectively improve the patient's myocardial reperfusion and prognosis does not increase , the increased incidence of immediate thrombolysis in myocardial infarction patients in the three grade .

This study aims to analyze and improve Howland current source circuit and to study the constant current source of alternating current with high output impedance and high stability. A simulation study was carried out on the constant-current characteristics of Howland current source from two aspects of resistance match value and the selection of Op amp parameters, and then the output impedance was analyzed. The simulation experiment showed that when it was with the best matched resistance, the constant-current characteristics of Howland current source was better. Op amp parameters could affect the constant-current characteristics of Howland current source. In Howland current source circuit, the current source after parameter optimization had better output impedance and load capacity. The results showed that there was the best matched resistance in the selection by Howland current source. The Op amp with large broadband, high slew rate and open loop gain, and wide range of power supply voltage is more suitable for the bioelectrical impedance detection circuit.
Electric Impedance ; Electric Power Supplies ; Electricity

Objective To investigate the role of gray-scale sonography in the diagnosis of thyroid microcarcinoma(TMC).Methods The sonographic characteristics of 58 TMC and 61 benign thyroid nodules(≤1 cm)were retrospectively reviewed and compared with each other.The size,echogenicity,internal solid/cystic component,configuration,anteroposterior to transverse dimension ratio(A/T),margin,halo sign and calcification type of the nodules were studied.Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value and accuracy of individual sonographic characteristics were calculated respectively.Results In ultrasonography,TMC manifested as marked hypoechoic in 48.3%,solid lesion in 98.3%,irregular-shape in 74.1%,irregular halo sign in 37.0%,with internal microcalcifications in 62.1%.There were significantly statistical differences between the benign and malignant nodules in those findings (P＜0.001).However,there was no obviously statistical difference in the obscure margin.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were 86.2%,77.0% and 81.5% respectively when using marked internal hypoechoic echo,A/T≥1 and microcalcification as a new combined criterior.Conclusions The gray-scale sonographic findings between the small benign and malignant thyroid nodules(≤1 cm)are different.Combining these sonographic signs can significantly improve diagnostic value of TMC.

BACKGROUND:Femoral offset reconstruction is significant for recovering strength of abductor and the balance of soft tissue tension surrounding hip joint, maintaining joint stabilization, restoring joint function, reducing limping after replacement, decreasing prosthetic abrasion, and the incidence of joint prosthesis dislocation.
OBJECTIVE:To discuss effect of femoral offset reconstruction on hip joint function in total hip arthroplasty.
METHODS:We comparatively analyzed 20 patients (20 hips) undergoing the modular prosthesis (S-ROM) total hip arthroplasty and 19 patients (20 hips) undergoing the one modular prosthesis (Corail) total hip arthroplasty at the same time. According to Harris hip score and radiography results, hip joint function and femoral offset reconstruction rate were comparatively studied in both groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:No infection, fracture, dislocation, deep venous thrombosis or neurovascular injury occurred in either group. Clinical fol ow-up results:In the modular prosthesis and one modular prosthesis groups, there was no significant difference in preoperative Harris hip score between the femoral offset reconstruction and non-reconstruction groups (P>0.05). At 12 months and the latest fol ow-up, the Harris hip score was higher in the patients with femoral offset reconstruction than those with femoral offset non-reconstruction (P<0.05). The range of abduction of hip joint was larger in patients with femoral offset reconstruction than those with femoral offset non-reconstruction (P<0.05). Radiographic fol ow-up results:significant differences in the rate of femoral offset reconstruction were detected between the modular prosthesis and one modular prosthesis groups (χ2=3.956, P<0.05). 39 (98%) femoral stems were in neutral position and one (2.5%) was in mild valgus. There was no significant difference in the abduction angle and the anteversion angle between patients with and without femoral offset reconstruction (P>0.05). These results indicated that functional recovery and the range of abduction were better in patients with femoral offset reconstruction than those without femoral offset reconstruction. Modular prosthesis has a high rate of femoral offset reconstruction.

Objective To evaluate the effects of prevention and control measures on coal-burning endemic fluorosis in Wulong County of Chongqing.Methods At a county level investigation,seven of the disease affected villages were investigated to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention and control measures on coal-burning endemic fluorosis in Wulong County from October 2012 to April 2013.Dental fluorosis of all children aged 8-12 was examined in every selected village.Urine samples of 50 children were collected and urinary iodine level was determined.The installed improved stoves,the drying of corn and pepper were investigated in every household surveyed.Ten samples of corn and pepper were collected and iodine level was determined.At a city level survey,seven of the disease affected villages were investigated to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention and control measures on coal-burning endemic fluorosis in April 2013.Dental fluorosis of all children aged 8-12 was examined in all villages.Ten households were selected for investigation of the installation of improved stoves,drying of corn and pepper.Children dental fluorosis was diagnosed based on the standard for Diagnosis of Dental FIuorosis (WS/T 208-2011).The fluoride concentration of children's urine was measured according to the standard for Urine-determination of Fluoride-ion Specific Electrode Method (WS/T 89-1996).The fluoride concentration of corn and pepper was measured by the method of fluoride-ion selective electrode.Results The field survey results at the county level showed that the prevalence rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 was 8.01％ (44/549).The qualified rate of installed improved stoves was 99.56％(3 186/3 200) and the rate of correct usage of improved stoves was 99.78％(3 179/3 186).The correct drying rates of corn and pepper were all 100.00％(2 390/2 390).Three hundred and fourteen urine samples were collected and the fluoride content was 0.25 mg/L.Fifty-eight corn and 58 pepper samples were collected.The fluoride contents of corn and pepper were 0.70,2.09 mg/kg,respectively.At the field survey at city level,seven of the disease affected villages were investigated,the prevalence rate of dental fluorosis of children was 11.28％ (38/337).Seventy households were surveyed for the improved stoves.The qualified rate of installation of improved stoves and the rate of correct usage of improved stoves were all 100.00％(70/70,70/70).The drying of 56 corn and 58 pepper samples was surveyed.The correct drying rates of corn and pepper were all 100.00％(56/56,58/58).Conchsion All villages have reached the elimination criteria of coal-burning endemic fluorosis areas in Wulong County.

Objective To compare the advantages and disadvantages of SNPscan and Sanger sequence which are both used to detect the common deafness gene mutations in non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) in Gansu Province.Methods Peripheral blood samples were obtained from Dongxiang, Yugu and Baoan people with moderately severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss in Gansu province to extract genomic DNA.SNPscan was used to detect the 115 mutations in the common pathogenic GJB2 gene, SLC26A4 gene and mtDNA gene.Results We used the SNPscan to screen the mutation of GJB2 gene,mtDNA A1555G and mtDNA C1494T, SLC26A4 gene of sensorinural deafness patients from Gansu Province.The mutation rate of these three genes was 23.18% (35/151), and the mutation rate of Dongxiang, Yugu, Baoan was 21.31% (26/122), 54.54% (6/11), 16.67% (3/18), respectively.Compared with the Sanger sequence, the results were statistically insignificant(P>0.05).The detection rates in the three genes of SNPscan were 11.26% (17/151), 1.32% (2/151) and 0.66% (1/151),respectively , and the detection rates of Sanger sequence were 9.93% (15/151), 1.32% (2/151) and 0.66% (1/151) ,respectively.The results of the two methods were compared.The results were statistically insignificant (P>0.05).Time, cost and flux, SNPscan method is superior to Sanger sequencing.Conclusion Compared with the Sanger sequence, SNPscan is more lighter in workload, less time-consuming, higher-throughput, lower cost, and can get more meaningful mutations and reduce the false negative rates.

BACKGROUND:Anatomic medul ary locking (AML) femoral prosthesis is circular cylinder and has satisfactory efficacy. However, some scholars found the complications such as thigh pain, loss of bone at the proximal end of the femur, and wearing-related osteolysis. F2L femoral prosthesis is cone-shaped and also has satisfactory efficacy, but the thigh pain incidence is relatively low. ＜br> OBJECTIVE:To compare the intermediate-long term results of AML versus F2L in total hip arthroplasty. ＜br> METHODS:Between November 1997 and January 2005, we retrospectively reviewed 60 patients (66 hips) undergoing total hip arthroplasty using biological femoral prosthesis. At fol ow-up examination, 58 hips in 52 patients were available for clinical and roentgenographic review. 26 AML devices were placed in 24 patients, and 32 F2L devices were placed in 28 patients. The AML group were reviewed with an average of 12.7 years fol ow-up (range 10 years and 3 months to 15 years and 5 months), while the F2L group were reviewed with an average of 9.5 years fol ow-up (range 8 years and 3 months to 11 years and 1 month). The clinical results were evaluated with Harris methods and X-ray examination. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to evaluate the survival of femoral component. End point was radiographical loosening or revision of the femoral component for any reason. ＜br> RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were no significant difference between AML and F2L about Harris score in the latest fol ow-up (P>0.05). After surgery, the incidence of thigh pain was significantly lower in F2L group than that in AML group (P＜0.05). In AMKL group, the stress-shielding 1 level was observed in 21 hips (81%), and 2 level in five hips (19%);in F2L group, the stress shielding 0 level was observed in 20 hips (62%) and 1 level in 12 hips (38%). There were significant differences between the two groups (P＜0.05). The stress shielding showed significant differences between the two groups (P＜0.05). The incidence of osteolysis in F2L group was significantly lower than that in AML group (P＜0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that, the survival rate of both AML and F2L components were 1.0 (95%confidence interval:0.98-1.00). Experimental findings indicate that, both AML and F2L femoral prosthesis have a satisfactory long-term efficacy after total hip arthroplasty, and the incidence of thigh pain and osteolysis is significantly lower in F2L group.

Objective To understand the influence of meteorological factors on Oncomelania density in natural condition and provide scientific evidence for the control of the spread of schistosomiasis and Oncomelania.Methods Based on the Oncomelania survey data in spring and ground meteorological observation data of Qianjiang from 1990 to 2014, the first-order autoregressive analysis method was used for trend fitting and disassemble, and the correlation between the change rate of Oncomelania density and various meteorological factors in different periods were analyzed.Results The greatest influence of meteorological factors on Oncomelania density was temperature,followed by precipitation.The average minimum temperature in January and from December to February had predominant influence on Oncomelania density and frame occurrence rate of living Oncomelania (FORLO) respectively.The rise (fall) of average minimum temperature in January by 1 ℃ would lead to the increase (decrease) of Oncomelania density by 5.080％-6.710％;The rise (fall) of average minimum temperature from December to February by 1 ℃ would lead to the increase (decrease) of FORLO by 15.521％-15.928％.The period with the biggest influence of precipitation on Oncomelania density was from November to April, as the rainfall declined ＞20％, drought might occur, which would cause the reduction of Oncomelania density.Sunshine from September to November had some correlations with the change of Oncomelania density and FORLO.Statistical regression models for the change of Oncomelania density, FORLO and meteorological factors based on correlation analysis were established respectively.Conclusion Weed removal in Oncomelania areas before December is beneficial to reduce the surface temperature and soil moisture content, which would result in Oncomelania density reduction in some extent.It' s notable that the winter temperature is in rise in Hubei province along with global climate change, causing the Oncomelania density to increase, to which more attention should be paid.

OBJECTIVE To explore the difference of vestibular damage between sudden deafness and vestibular neuritis.METHODS Patients in otolaryngology head and neck surgery eenterin PLA general hospital from February 25 in 2016 to July 20 in 2016 were included in this research.Among these patients,55 cases were diagnosed as sudden deafness group,including 39 cases With vertigo.And other 46 cases were diagnosed as vestibular neuritis.Vestibular bithermal caloric test,head impulse test(head impulse test,HIT),cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials(cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential,cVEMP),ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials(ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential,oVEMP) were performed to evaluate their vestibular function and were compared.RESULTS The abnormal rate of vestibular bithermal caloric test in sudden deafness group 25.45％,and 97.82％ in vestibular neuritis group.There was significant difference between two groups(x2=54.01,P＜0.001).HIT:the abnormal ratein sudden deafness groupwas 9.09％ and 32.61％ in vestibular neuritis group,there was significant difference between two groups(x2=8.72,P=0.003).VEMP:the abnormal rate of cVEMP in sudden deafness group was 69.10％ and 43.47％ in vestibular neuritis group,there was significant difference between two groups(x2=6.72,P=0.010).But the abnormal rate of oVEMP in sudden deafness group was 54.55％ and 63.04％ in vestibular neuritis group,and there was not statistically significant difference between two groups(x2=0.745,P=0.388).CONCLUSION The vestibular damage of sudden deafness with vertigo was more likely involved with saccule and inferior vestibular nerve,more close to the nerve terminal,and the injury was in a low frequency range;but the vestibular damage in vestibular neuritis was wider,and the injury involved a full band,the damaged part may be higher.

Objective:To investigate the early effect of modified posterior tibialis muscle transfer in treating foot drop and varus deformity caused by common peroneal nerve injury.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 6 patients with foot drop of common peroneal nerve palsy and varus deformity admitted to Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from December 2017 to October 2019, including 4 males and 2 females, aged 33-48 years [(39.5±6.0)years]. The left side was involved in 4 patients and the right side in 2 patients. All patients underwent posterior tibial muscle transfer. The insertion of posterior tibial muscle was reconstructed in the fourth metatarsal with the tendon allograft to correct foot drop and varus deformity. The range of motion of active ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion and range of motion of varus and valgus of foot were measured before operation and at the last follow-up. The isokinetic torque peak value of ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion at 60°/s angular velocity and peak isokinetic torque of foot varus and valgus at 60°/s angular velocity were measured before operation and at the last follow-up. The postoperative foot imaging evaluation was performed at the last follow-up, including Meary angle, calcaneal projection and diameter of the fourth metatarsal. The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Association (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score was used to evaluate the ankle function.Results:All patients were followed up for 6-17 months [10(6, 15)months]. At the last follow-up, the range of motion of dorsiflexion of the ankle [6(0, 10)°] and foot valgus [3(0, 5)°] were significantly improved compared with the preoperative level [-31(-33, -28)°, -10(-12, -8)°] ( P<0.05); the ankle dorsiflexion torque [(7.7±0.8)Nm] and foot valgus torque [(7.2±0.7)Nm] were significantly improved compared with the preoperative level [(0.0±0.0)Nm, (2.1±0.6)Nm]at 60°/s angular velocity ( P<0.01). Imaging examination showed no acquired flat foot deformity and deformation of the fourth metatarsal insertion. The AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score increased from 50-73 points [(61.3±8.4)points] before operation to 75-97 points [(86.8±7.2)points] at the last follow-up ( P<0.01). Conclusion:For foot drop and varus caused by common peroneal nerve injury, modified posterior tibialis muscle transfer can increase the torque of ankle dorsiflexion and valgus, improve the ankle range of motion, and accelerate the ankle function recovery.