Objective To estimate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and thyroid autoantibodies in adults with alopecia areata (AA), and to analyze the relationship between alopecia areata (AA) and thyroid autoimmunity in adults.Methods A predesigned questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic information, medical history,and family history of AA in first-degree relatives from patients with AA.Thyroid function was evaluated, and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) was screened in all the patieuts.Statistical analysis was carried out by the chi-square test and Fisher's exact test.Results Totally, 209 patients with AA were enrolled.Of these patients, 6.7％ were complicated by thyroid diseases, 20.6％ were positive for TPO-Ab.Compared with the patients without TPO-Ab, those with TPO-Ab showed a significant increase in the proportion of patients with early-onset (＜ 18 years) AA (x2 =5.589, P =0.025),prevalence rate of alopecia totalis/alopecia universalis (x2 =9.990, P=0.006) and thyroid diseases (x2 =12.279, P =0.002), and incidence rate of AA in first-degree relatives (x2 =14.426, P =0.001).Conclusions The positive rate of TPO-Ab is increased in patients with AA.It is recommended to evaluate thyroid function and to screen for thyroid autoantibodies in patients with AA despite of the absence of clinical manifestations of thyroid diseases.

Objective To establish an animal model of dermatophytosis and to evaluate antifungal efficacy on dermatophytosis with this model. Methods Animal models of dermatophytosis were established by inoculating dermatophyte suspension onto abraded skin on the back of guinea pigs. Thirty- eight healthy guinea pigs were randomly and equally divided into 2 groups, namely, Trichophyton mentagrophytes group (infected with T. mentagrophytes), and Microsporum canis group (infected with M. canis), and each group was classified into three subgroups, i.e., itraconazole group treated with oral itraconazole of 4 mg per kilogram body weight per day from day 0 to day 14 after infection, terbinafine group treated with oral terbinafine of 5 mg per kilogram body weight per day from day 0 to day 14 after infection, and untreated group receiving no therapy. The therapeutic effect was evaluated according to skin lesion score and fungal examination results on day 8, 11 and 14 after infection. Results Obvious lesions were observed and fungal examination was positive in untreated, infected pigs on day 8 after infection. In T. mentagrophytes-infecyted pigs, the skin lesion score on day 8, 11, 14 was 9, 1 and 0 in itraconazole group, 8, 5, and 1 in terbinafine group, 48, 52, 40 in untreated group, respectively, and there was significant difference between treated and untreated groups on the three time points (all P<0.01); the mycological cure rates on the above time points were 66.7%, 83.3%, 83.3%, in itraconazole-treated pigs, 83.3%, 83.3%, 83.3%, in terbinafine-treated pigs, 0, 0, 0 in untreated pigs, respectively, with no significant difference between itraconazole and terbinafine group (all P>0.05) but statistical difference between untreated and treated groups (all P<0.01) on all time points. Meanwhile, in M. canis-infected pigs, the skin lesion score on day 8, 11, 14 reached 3, 0, 0 in itraconazole group, 9, 2, 0 in terbinafine group, 46, 47, 39 in untreated group, respectively, and mycological cure rates 83.3%, 83.3%, 83.3% in itraconazole group, 83.3%, 83.3%, 83.3% in terbinafine group, 0, 0, 0 in untreated group, respectively; significant difference was noticed in the two parameters between the treated and untreated groups (all P<0.01) but not between the two treated groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion Itraconazol and terbinafine exhibit similar excellent antifungal activity in routine model of T. mentagrophytes-and M. canis-dermatophytosis.

Traumatic rib fractures are the most common injury in thoracic trauma. Previously，the patients with traumatic rib fractures were mostly treated non-surgically，of which 50%，especially those combined with flail chest presented chronic pain or chest wall deformities and over 30% had long-term disabilities，being unable to retain a full-time job. In the past two decades，thanks to the development of internal fixation material technology，the surgical treatment of rib fractures has achieved good outcomes. However，there are still some problems in clinical treatment，including inconsistency in surgical treatment and quality control in medical services. The current consensuses on the management of regional traumatic rib fractures published at home and abroad mainly focus on the guidance of the overall treatment decisions and plans，and relevant clinical guidelines abroad lacks progress in surgical treatment of rib fractures in recent years. Therefore，the Chinese Society of Traumatology affiliated to Chinese Medical Association and Chinese College of Trauma Surgeons affiliated to Chinese Medical Doctor Association，in conjunction with national multidisciplinary experts，formulate the Chinese Consensus for Surgical Treatment of Traumatic Rib Fractures（2021）following the principle of evidence-based medicine，scientific nature and practicality. This expert consensus puts forward some clear，applicable，and graded recommendations from aspects of preoperative imaging evaluation，surgical indications，timing of surgery，surgical methods，rib fracture sites for surgical fixation，internal fixation methods and material selections，treatment of combined injuries in rib fractures，in order to provide references for surgical treatment of traumatic rib fractures.