Objective To compare the efficacy of Holmium:YAG laser and pneumatic lithotripsy in the treatment of ureteral calculi.Methods From February 2002 to February 2007,totally 1035 patients with ureteral calculi underwent ureteroscopic lithotripsy with Holmium:YAG laser or pneumatic lithotripsy in our hospital.The data of the patients were analyzed retrospectively.Results The success rate of primary lithotripsy was 99.1%(328/331)in the patients received holmium laser,and 97.6%(687/704)in those who underwent pneumatic lithoclast(?2=2.703,P=0.100).Stone-free rate at 3 weeks was 98.2%(322/328)in the Holmium laser group,which was significantly higher than that in the pneumatic lithoclast group 88.1%(605/687),?2=28.639,P=0.000].However,significantly more ureteroscopes were damaged in the Holmium laser group than the pneumatic lithoclast group(11 vs 6,?2=8.509,P=0.004).Conclusions The stone-free rate in holmium laser group is higher than that in pneumatic lithoclast group.However,more ureteroscopes are damaged by holmium laser.

Objective To analysis the clinical outcomes in long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Methods The data of 58 PD patients survived more than 3 years from January 1994 to August 2003 in our hospital were reviewed. According to their different clinical outcomes, the patients were divided into four groups:continuous PD group, transplant group,hemodialysis (HD) group and death group. The recent nutritional index, such as serum albumin, and the recent dialysis adequacy index, including fluid removal and residual renal function, were evaluated. The "predeath values" of 1/2 year and 1 year prior to death in the death group were compared. 12-month PD indices in continuous PD patients were reviewed retrospectively and the same indices over a 12-month period of time were followed up. Results The recent total Kt/V in death group was significantly lowered than that in the other three groups (P

Objective To study curative efficacy of compound tanshin injection and acupuncture and moxibustion in treatment of peripheral nerve injury its effects on nerve function.Methods 110 patients of peripheral nerve injury whoreceived therapy from April 2014 to September 2014 in our hospital were selected as research objects,according to the treatment were divided into observation group and control group,observation group using curative efficacy of compound tanshin injection,the control group using compound tanshin injection and low frequency dc therapy.Observe clinical efficacy of the two groups after treatment,compared two groups before and after treatment can motor nerve and sensory nerve nerve conduction velocity,and to evaluate the basic function after treatment.Results After treatment,the observation group total effectiveness 94.5％,obviously higher than the control group total effectiveness 81.8％,significant difference(P< 0.05); Observation group after treatment of nerve function was 80.0％,significantly higher than the control group was 60.0％,significant difference(P<0.05); And after the treatment of motor nerve and sensory nerve conduction velocity observation group were significantly higher than the control group,significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusion Curative of compound tanshin injection and acupuncture and moxibustion in treatment of peripheral nerve injury,can significantly improve patients with nerve function,improve the effect of treatment,and no side effect,is worth popularizing in clinic.

AIM: To study the change in cognitive function in derogative state of different neurotransmitter by mensurating P300 amplitude and latency. METHODS: Acetylcholine (ACh) system was disfunctioned by severing fimbrial-fornix(FF) transaction and Norepinephrine (NE) system impaired by injection of 6-hydroxysopamine into the bilateral dorsal noradrenergic bundle in DG. Then Y-type maze test and elicitation of P3-like latency were carried out separately before and after the all models were built. RESULTS: In both experimental groups, P3-like latency was prolonged significantly compared with the control and had positive correlation with indices of Y-maze test(EN,TRT). CONCLUSION: ACh and NE are important in the production and conformity of P300.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the characteristics of patients on long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). MethodsPatients who started PD since 1994 and received PD for at least one year were included in this study. According to dialysis duration, patients were divided into two groups. Group A (long-term) was defined as patients survived on PD for more than 5 years. Group B (short-term) was defined as patients who died or switched to bemodialysis within less than 5 years. Demography, biochemical indexes, dialysis prescription and adequacy were compared between two groups. ResultsThere were 68 patients in group A and 98 patients in group B. Mean followed-up period of group A and B was (84.80±19.42) months and (27.25±12.31) months, respectively. Younger, fewer episodes of diabetic comorbidity (group A 3/68 vs group B 18/98, P ＜0.05) and coronary heart disease (group A 6/68 vs group B 22/98, P＜0.05) were found in group A. Compared to group B, the level of serum albumin at the beginning of PD was much higher in group A [(35.56±4.74) g/L vs (33.69±5.45) g/L, P＜0.01). The levels of blood sugar, TC, TG, hemoglobin, calcium, phosphate and iPTH were not significantly different between two groups. Estimated GFR, renal Kt/V and renal Ccr at the beginning of dialysis were much higher in group A, however there was no significant difference in urinary volume between two groups. Both estimated GFR and urinary volume decreased more slowly in group A compared to group B. Peritonitis mobidity was lower in group A (1/81.22 months vs 1/29.03 months, P＜0.01). Conclusions In comparison to short-term survivors, long-term PD patients are characterized by being younger, less diabetic and coronary heart disease, fewer episodes of peritonitis, higher level of serum albumin, higher estimated GFR and less loss of residual renal function.

Objective To investigate the association between angiopoietin-2 (Angpt-2) and peritoneal angiogenesis in a uremic peritoneal dialysis (PD) rat model. Methods Uremic (subtotal nephrectomy) rats were established and divided into non-PD, 10 d-PD, 28 d-PD and 56 d-PD groups. Standard PD solution was applied in the study. Rats undergone sham operation without PD were used as control group. Vessel density of the peritoneum was detected and quantified with anti-CD31 immunohistochemical staining. Expressive levels of Angpt-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were examined in the peritoneum by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Results The non-PD group was characterized by increased vessel density in the peritoneum compared with that of the control group [(5±3)/HP vs (1±1)/HP]. Progressive angiogenesis was found in 10 d-PD, 28 d-PD and 56 d-PD groups [(10±5)/HP, (17±5)/HP, (19±4)/HP]. Furthermore, expressive levels of Angpt-2 and VEGF increased significantly in the non-PD group compared with the control (P<0.01), and such expressions were significantly higher in the PD groups as compared to non-PD group (P<0.01), but no difference was found among the PD groups. Both VEGF and Angpt-2 levels were positively correlated with vessel density(r=0.7756, P<0.01; r=0.5223, P<0.05). Conclusions Uremia and PD promote peritoneal angiogenesis in rats. Increased expression level of Angpt-2 in peritoneum is positively correlated with peritoneal angiogenesis. Angpt-2 may be a new therapeutic target of peritoneal angiogenesis.

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of uterine artery and umbilical artery in the first, second, and third trimester of normal pregnancy and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP).Methods A multi-center prospective study was conducted on 1098 women with normal singleton pregnancies at the first prenatal visit in the Second West China Hospital of Sichuan University, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Wuhan Union Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Renji Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Shanghai Jiao Tong University from April 2005 to July 2006, with the average age of (28. 3±3.3). The pulsatility indices (PI),resistance indices (RI) and systolic to diastolic velocity ratios (S/D) of uterine artery and umbilical artery were measured for all subjects in the first (10th -14th gestationa] weeks), second (20th-26th gestational weeks) and third trimester(30th -36th gestational weeks), respectively. In this longitudinal study, women who developed HDP were classified into HDP group, and the rest into normal pregnancy group. Results (1) Among the 1098 pregnant women, 44 developed HDP during the index pregnancy, including 20 gestational hypertension, 15 mild pre-eclampsia and 9 severe pre-eclampsia, giving an incidence of 4.17%,and the rest 1054 were normal until delivery.(2) In the normal pregnancy group, the RI, PI and S/D of uterine artery were decreased with the progress of pregnancy (RI: 0. 64, 0. 57, 0. 50; PI: 1.24, 0. 98,0. 80; S/D: 3.26, 2. 58, 2. 20; P<0.01). However, the above indices showed an increasing trend with the increase of gestations in the HDP group (RI: 0. 55, 0. 67, 0. 64; PI: 1.22, 1.36, 1.20; S/D: 3.18,3.41,3.05; P <0. 01). In the second and third trimester, the RI, PI and S/D of uterine artery in the HDP group were higher than those in the normal pregnancy group (P<0.01). (3) In the normal pregnancy group, the RI, PI and S/D of the umbilical artery decreased from the secondto the third trimester (RI:0. 71 and 0. 58; PI: 1.16 and 0. 87; S/D: 3.58 and 2. 48; P<0.01). However, no significant difference was found in the RI, PI and S/D value of umbilical artery in the second and third trimester between the normal and HDP group (RI:0.71 and 0.63; PI: 1.20 and 0.95; S/D: 3.71 and 2.69; P>0.05,respectively), despite the decreasing trend in the HDP group. Conclusions In uncomplicated pregnancies,the blood flow resistance of uterine artery decreases and the end-diastolic blood flow of uterine artery increases with the progress of pregnancy. However, in pregnant women with HDP, the blood flow resistance of uterine artery increases significantly with the increase of gestations which shows significant difference to that in normal pregnancies. The blood flow resistance of umbilical artery decreases in both normal and HDP pregnant women with the increasing gestational age.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of twice-weekly hemodialysis patients.Methods Data were collected from Shanghai Renal Registry.A total of 1288 patients undergoing regular hemodialysis (HD) with dialysis adequacy index and other biochemical parameters in Shanghai in January 2007 were enrolled into the cohort study with 2 years follow-up.Clinical characteristics and outcome of twice-weekly HD patients were analyzed as compared with thrice-weekly HD patients.Results Compared with patients on thrice-weekly HD,the twice-weekly HD patients were significantly younger and had significantly shorter HD vintage,smaller body surface area,longer HD session time,higher single-pool Kt/V (spKt/V) and serum albumin but lower weekly Kt/V (P＜0.05).There was no statistical difference in ultrafiltration volume between two groups.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that both groups had similar two-year survival.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age,body mass index,serum albumin and weekly Kt/V were predictors of patient mortality.Conclusion It is acceptable for some hemodialys patients with twice-weekly HD,and close monitor of dialysis adequacy and volume status is necessary for this therapy model.

AIM: To investigate the role of brainstem auditory evoked potential(BAEP) in the early diagnosis of diabetic central neuropathy (DCN) and to probe into the relationship between plasma nitric oxide (NO) and DCN. METHODS: Experimental diabetes(ED) rat model was used. BAEP and plasma NO were measured dynamically after ED modeling. RESULTS: The peak latency (PL) of Ⅰ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and V and the interpeak latency (IPL) of I-III and III-V of BAEP in ED group prolonged after 4 weeks of ED modeling (P＜0.05). All PL and IPL of BAEP prolonged after 6 weeks、8 weeks and 10 weeks (P＜0.01). The plasma NO increased to the top in ED group at 2 weeks and then decreased gradually. There was negative correlation between plasma NO and PL and IPL of BAEP. CONCLUSION: BAEP was sensitive and valuable in the early diagnosis of DCN. Reduction of plasma NO may play a role in the pathogenesis of DCN.

AIM: To investigate the role of brainstem auditory evoked potential(BAEP) in the early diagnosis of diabetic central neuropathy (DCN) and to probe into the relationship between plasma nitric oxide (NO) and DCN. METHODS: Experimental diabetes(ED) rat model was used. BAEP and plasma NO were measured dynamically after ED modeling. RESULTS: The peak latency (PL) of Ⅰ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and V and the interpeak latency (IPL) of I-III and III-V of BAEP in ED group prolonged after 4 weeks of ED modeling (P