Objective To explore new method to extract medicine from sealing bottles and solve the problems of excess remnant in the bottles by traditional extraction method.The objective and subjective factors for excess remnant in the bottles were also discussed.Methods We stochastically selected 9392 bottles from 6 hospitals who used traditional extraction method and named them the random investigation group.We also chose 1030 bottles which were abandoned by nurses after strengthened their responsibility as the strengthened responsibility group.The medicine remnant in the bottles was recorded and compared between the two groups.Results The medicine remnant in the random investigation group was less than that of the strengthened responsibility group(P<0.01).Conclusion Application of the new method to extract medicine as well as strengthened responsibility codd leave medicine remnant as little as possible in the sealing bottles.

The microbial counts, type, as well as relationship between microbial counts and the temperature of water in reticulating water system of heating pipeline in Taiyuan were studied, which the main biofouling harmful microbes included slimeforming heterotrophic bacteria, sulfate reducing bacteria, iron bacteria and fungi, respectively. The results showed that the harmful microbes in water system were lower than that of control guideline during heating period, whereas the microbes were higher than that of control guideline, which would result in biofouling of water tube during non-heating period.

Objective To explore the effect of ultrasound to gene transfer in skeletal muscle cells in mice. Methods All comparisons were performed between two intensities of ultrasound((0.5) W/cm~2, (1 W/cm~2)) with pulse wave (1 MHz, 20% duty cycle) using plasmid green fluorescent protein(GFP) on H2K myoblast cells. Exposure duration was 10 s, 20 s, 30 s, 40 s, 50 s, and 60 s. The trend of transfection efficiency by flow cytometer and cell viability by Trypan blue assays under different conditions was measured. Results GFP transfection rate in H2K cell treated by (0.5) W/cm~2 was significantly lower than that by 1 W/cm~2 as a whole. The optimum condition of GFP transfection for H2K cell was 1 W/cm~2 and (40-)50 s. Ultrasound did not increase the rate of cell-killing. Conclusions Ultrasound holds promise in gene delivery in skeletal muscle cells.

Objective To explore the effect of Levovist to gene transfer in skeletal muscle cells in mice.Methods H2K myoblast cells were treated by ultrasound (1 MHz,1 W/cm~2) with pulse wave (20% duty cycle) using plasmid green fluorescent protein (GFP) in vitro.Exposure duration was 10 s,20 s,30 s,40 s,50 s and 60 s.The trend of transfection efficiency by flow cytometer and cell viability by Trypan blue assays were measured.In vivo studies,transfection efficiencies were assessed by counting GFP positive fibres on mice skeletal muscle.Tissue damage was assessed on serial sections.Results Ultrasound alone showed better trend of transfection efficiency than Levovist in vitro and addition of microbubbles had the effect to reduce cell viability significantly.In vivo,Levovist with or without ultrasound had no effect on gene transfer,instead it increased tissue damage.Conclusions(Levovist showed) no effect in plasmid DNA transfection in skeletal muscle with increased tissue damage in this experimental condition.

Objective To explore the effect of SonoVue to gene transfer in skeletal muscle cells in mice.Methods H2K myoblast cells were treated by SonoVue and ultrasound (1 MHz,1 W/cm2) with pulse wave (20% duty cycle) using plasmid GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) in vitro.Exposure duration was 10 s,20 s,30 s,40 s,50 s,and 60 s.The trend of transfection efficiency by flow cytometer and cell viability by Trypan blue assays were measured. In vivo studies,transfection efficiencies were assessed by counting GFP positive fibres on mice skeletal muscle.Tissue damage was assessed on serial sections.Results SonoVue did not enhance transfection efficiency compared with positive control in vitro,instead with increased cell killing rate. In vivo,SonoVue with or without ultrasound had significant effect on gene transfer without increased tissue damage.Conclusions Although SonoVue showed no effect in plasmid DNA transfection in skeletal muscle with reduced cell viability in vitro in this experimental condition,SonoVue had significantly enhanced gene transfection efficiency in mice in vivo without increased tissue damage.

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of hallucination in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) by using a questionnaire. Methods Ninety-one patients with PD from outpatient and inpatient departments of Neurology and 38 healthy subjects were recruited. Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), unified Parkinson's disease rating scale-Ⅲ(UPDRS-Ⅲ), Hoehn-Yahr, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were examined in all PD. According to the PPQ-B scores, the PD patients were divided into two groups:the hallucination group (PPQ-B≥1) and non-hallucination group (PPQ-B=0). Logistic regression model was used to explore the risk factors. Results Twen?ty-nine of 91 patients had hallucination and the incidence was 32%. Age and the levels of IL-6 and CRP were signifi?cantly higher in hallucination group than in non-hallucination group. Meanwhile, the duration of illness and MMSE were significantly higher in hallucination group than in non-hallucination group. Logistic regression revealed that the age and duration of illness were independent risk factors of hallucination and the Odds Ratios (OR) were 1.09 (95% CI:1.04~1.32, P<0.05) and 1.43 (95%CI:1.21~1.87, P<0.05), respectively. The risk of hallucination increased by 51%and 59%for each doubling of IL-6 and CRP levels in PD patients and the ORs were 1.51 (95%CI:1.13~2.11, P<0.05) and 1.59 (95%CI:1.07~2.66, P<0.05), respectively. Conclusions Controlling the levels of serum IL-6 and CRP plays an impor?tant role in delay or prevention of the hallucination of PD patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prevalent features of an influenza erupting prevalence.Methods All of 653 patients with an erupting influenza were enrolled in the study from May 29,2003 to July 3,2003. The data included clinic manifestations and etiology. The retrospective study was used to evaluate the clinical and prevalent features. Results All patients consisted of 392 boys and 261 girls aged 5~17 years(mean 11.5 years),who were all students in middle school or primary school. Most of the patients had no typical symptoms including chill(2.45%),headache(30.00%),tiredness(10.87%)and the aching in whole body(4.44%),whereas fever,faucial inflammation and lymphatic follicular hyperplasia of the faucial posterior wall were the most common among these patients,accounting for 100%,60.03%,64.78% respectively. There were 98 patients whose peripheral leukocyte amounts were increased,most happening on the 6 ~7 th day from the onset(75.51%)following the fever on the 5~6 th day(80.6%). Detection of serum double virus-antigen indicated that influenza virus antibody increased more than 4-fold,as well as parainfluenza virus and adenovirus. Even in minority patients,there were several kinds of virus antibody raised 4-fold at the same time. We applied antivirus allopathy associated with the Chinese traditional medicine such as injection of shuanghuanglian or yuxingcao,plus the effectual antibiotics when necessary . All of the patients were cured and no sequelae. Conclusion Sometimes the influenza is prevalent only in some special crowds and has no typical symptoms such as chill,headache,tiredness and the aching in whole body.The antibiotics should be used in time after the synthetic treatment has no effect,when the patient has the onset for more than 5 days and has the fever for more than 4 days.

[Objective]To discuss the value and methods of severe hindfoot reconstruction in the treatment of hindfoot injures.[Method]Six cases with severe hindfoot injures were treated with hindfoot reconstruction.Among them, 4 patients were males and 2 females. Five cases were fallen from high places and 1 case by traffic accident. All cases associated with talus and calcancus comminuted fractures of type Ⅳ according to Sanders classification and calcaneocuboid, talocalcaneal and talonaviculare joint disorders.Four cases were associated with anterior and medial or plantar skin laceration,2 of anterior and medial skin laceration and 2 of plantar skin laceration. Among them, 1 were of anterior and medial skin avulsion wound and skin necrosis defect.1 were of plantar skin laceration and skin necrosis and bone exposure.[Result]Two cases' incisions without skin laceration were healed up. Among 4 cases incisions with skin laceration, 3 were primarily healed. One was Ⅱ-period healed. Two cases' skin laceration were healed by 1st incisions and 2 skin defects were healed by skin transplantation in 6 and 10 weeks after operation. The postoperative functional evaluation by AOFAS revealed excellent result in 1 foot, good in 3, fair in 2.[Conclusion]Hindfoot reconstruction is an effective method for severe hindfoot injures with the advantages of resoring function and outer aspect hindfoot satisfactorily.

Objective To investigate the relation between serum homocysteine(HCY) and the development of atherosclerosis(AS).Methods Diet contained 1% methionine was fed to make models of hyperhomocysteinemia and atherosclerosis in 18 male New Zealand rabbits. Hyperlipemia group was as control group. Ultrasonographic image was performed in 0,4,8 weeks respectively with HP 8500 and recorded the stenosis and plaque of abdominal aorta compared with pathology.Results Stenosis and plaque of abdominal aorta were observed in 4 weeks in high fat diet group. Stenosis and plaque of abdominal aorta were observed in 8 weeks in high methionine diet group.This results were confirmed by pathology anatomy.Satistically,significant correlation was found between AS and hypercholesterolemia or hyperhomocysteinemia respectively.But there was no correlation between hypercholesterolemia and hyperhomocysteinemia. Conclusions Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent important risk factor of atherosclerosis.

Objective To evaluate the value of power Doppler and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in the detection of tumor after microwave tissue coagulation (MTC). Methods Ultrasound Microwave Theraphy-1 (UMT-1) equipment was used,and a 9 mm length antenna was inserted directly into the tumor at laparotomy in 10 VX 2-bearing rabbits. The energy output was 60 W?120 s per bout. Two-dimensional, power and contrast-enhanced (Levovist, 300 mg/ml, 0.3 ml/kg) imaging was performed pre- and post-treatment. Pathology examination was applied in contrast. Results Along the needle being narrow hyper echoic imaging, broad-equable hypo echoic imaging was observed around the center after MTC immediately and the edge of tumor was unclear. Intratumoral blood flow was observed in 4 VX 2 tumors with power ultrasonography while there was enhanced-signal in 10 VX 2 tumors using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. These tumors were confirmed incomplete necrosis by pathology. Conclusions Contrast-enhanced power Doppler ultrasonography shows more sensitive in assessing the therapeutic effect of microwave on VX 2 tumor. Residual tumor can be seen as persistent color enhancement by using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography.