Objective To explore new method to extract medicine from sealing bottles and solve the problems of excess remnant in the bottles by traditional extraction method.The objective and subjective factors for excess remnant in the bottles were also discussed.Methods We stochastically selected 9392 bottles from 6 hospitals who used traditional extraction method and named them the random investigation group.We also chose 1030 bottles which were abandoned by nurses after strengthened their responsibility as the strengthened responsibility group.The medicine remnant in the bottles was recorded and compared between the two groups.Results The medicine remnant in the random investigation group was less than that of the strengthened responsibility group(P<0.01).Conclusion Application of the new method to extract medicine as well as strengthened responsibility codd leave medicine remnant as little as possible in the sealing bottles.

The microbial counts, type, as well as relationship between microbial counts and the temperature of water in reticulating water system of heating pipeline in Taiyuan were studied, which the main biofouling harmful microbes included slimeforming heterotrophic bacteria, sulfate reducing bacteria, iron bacteria and fungi, respectively. The results showed that the harmful microbes in water system were lower than that of control guideline during heating period, whereas the microbes were higher than that of control guideline, which would result in biofouling of water tube during non-heating period.

Objective To explore the effect of ultrasound to gene transfer in skeletal muscle cells in mice. Methods All comparisons were performed between two intensities of ultrasound((0.5) W/cm~2, (1 W/cm~2)) with pulse wave (1 MHz, 20% duty cycle) using plasmid green fluorescent protein(GFP) on H2K myoblast cells. Exposure duration was 10 s, 20 s, 30 s, 40 s, 50 s, and 60 s. The trend of transfection efficiency by flow cytometer and cell viability by Trypan blue assays under different conditions was measured. Results GFP transfection rate in H2K cell treated by (0.5) W/cm~2 was significantly lower than that by 1 W/cm~2 as a whole. The optimum condition of GFP transfection for H2K cell was 1 W/cm~2 and (40-)50 s. Ultrasound did not increase the rate of cell-killing. Conclusions Ultrasound holds promise in gene delivery in skeletal muscle cells.

Objective To explore the effect of Levovist to gene transfer in skeletal muscle cells in mice.Methods H2K myoblast cells were treated by ultrasound (1 MHz,1 W/cm~2) with pulse wave (20% duty cycle) using plasmid green fluorescent protein (GFP) in vitro.Exposure duration was 10 s,20 s,30 s,40 s,50 s and 60 s.The trend of transfection efficiency by flow cytometer and cell viability by Trypan blue assays were measured.In vivo studies,transfection efficiencies were assessed by counting GFP positive fibres on mice skeletal muscle.Tissue damage was assessed on serial sections.Results Ultrasound alone showed better trend of transfection efficiency than Levovist in vitro and addition of microbubbles had the effect to reduce cell viability significantly.In vivo,Levovist with or without ultrasound had no effect on gene transfer,instead it increased tissue damage.Conclusions(Levovist showed) no effect in plasmid DNA transfection in skeletal muscle with increased tissue damage in this experimental condition.

Objective To explore the effect of SonoVue to gene transfer in skeletal muscle cells in mice.Methods H2K myoblast cells were treated by SonoVue and ultrasound (1 MHz,1 W/cm2) with pulse wave (20% duty cycle) using plasmid GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) in vitro.Exposure duration was 10 s,20 s,30 s,40 s,50 s,and 60 s.The trend of transfection efficiency by flow cytometer and cell viability by Trypan blue assays were measured. In vivo studies,transfection efficiencies were assessed by counting GFP positive fibres on mice skeletal muscle.Tissue damage was assessed on serial sections.Results SonoVue did not enhance transfection efficiency compared with positive control in vitro,instead with increased cell killing rate. In vivo,SonoVue with or without ultrasound had significant effect on gene transfer without increased tissue damage.Conclusions Although SonoVue showed no effect in plasmid DNA transfection in skeletal muscle with reduced cell viability in vitro in this experimental condition,SonoVue had significantly enhanced gene transfection efficiency in mice in vivo without increased tissue damage.

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of hallucination in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) by using a questionnaire. Methods Ninety-one patients with PD from outpatient and inpatient departments of Neurology and 38 healthy subjects were recruited. Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), unified Parkinson's disease rating scale-Ⅲ(UPDRS-Ⅲ), Hoehn-Yahr, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were examined in all PD. According to the PPQ-B scores, the PD patients were divided into two groups:the hallucination group (PPQ-B≥1) and non-hallucination group (PPQ-B=0). Logistic regression model was used to explore the risk factors. Results Twen?ty-nine of 91 patients had hallucination and the incidence was 32%. Age and the levels of IL-6 and CRP were signifi?cantly higher in hallucination group than in non-hallucination group. Meanwhile, the duration of illness and MMSE were significantly higher in hallucination group than in non-hallucination group. Logistic regression revealed that the age and duration of illness were independent risk factors of hallucination and the Odds Ratios (OR) were 1.09 (95% CI:1.04~1.32, P<0.05) and 1.43 (95%CI:1.21~1.87, P<0.05), respectively. The risk of hallucination increased by 51%and 59%for each doubling of IL-6 and CRP levels in PD patients and the ORs were 1.51 (95%CI:1.13~2.11, P<0.05) and 1.59 (95%CI:1.07~2.66, P<0.05), respectively. Conclusions Controlling the levels of serum IL-6 and CRP plays an impor?tant role in delay or prevention of the hallucination of PD patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prevalent features of an influenza erupting prevalence.Methods All of 653 patients with an erupting influenza were enrolled in the study from May 29,2003 to July 3,2003. The data included clinic manifestations and etiology. The retrospective study was used to evaluate the clinical and prevalent features. Results All patients consisted of 392 boys and 261 girls aged 5~17 years(mean 11.5 years),who were all students in middle school or primary school. Most of the patients had no typical symptoms including chill(2.45%),headache(30.00%),tiredness(10.87%)and the aching in whole body(4.44%),whereas fever,faucial inflammation and lymphatic follicular hyperplasia of the faucial posterior wall were the most common among these patients,accounting for 100%,60.03%,64.78% respectively. There were 98 patients whose peripheral leukocyte amounts were increased,most happening on the 6 ~7 th day from the onset(75.51%)following the fever on the 5~6 th day(80.6%). Detection of serum double virus-antigen indicated that influenza virus antibody increased more than 4-fold,as well as parainfluenza virus and adenovirus. Even in minority patients,there were several kinds of virus antibody raised 4-fold at the same time. We applied antivirus allopathy associated with the Chinese traditional medicine such as injection of shuanghuanglian or yuxingcao,plus the effectual antibiotics when necessary . All of the patients were cured and no sequelae. Conclusion Sometimes the influenza is prevalent only in some special crowds and has no typical symptoms such as chill,headache,tiredness and the aching in whole body.The antibiotics should be used in time after the synthetic treatment has no effect,when the patient has the onset for more than 5 days and has the fever for more than 4 days.

Objective To explore the robe of interleukin-6 in the apoptosis of multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines KM_3 induced by melphalan and its molecular mechanism. Methods Apoptosis was confirmed by flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation rate and TUNEL. The expression of caspase-3, caspase-8 proteins in KM_3 cell, which was assessed by Western blot analysis, after melphalan treatment and cultured with or without interleukin-6. Results KM3 cells in the presence of interleukin-6 showed lower rate of apoptosis compared with that in the absence of interleukin-6 (P

Objective To evaluate the value of power Doppler and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in the detection of tumor after microwave tissue coagulation (MTC). Methods Ultrasound Microwave Theraphy-1 (UMT-1) equipment was used,and a 9 mm length antenna was inserted directly into the tumor at laparotomy in 10 VX 2-bearing rabbits. The energy output was 60 W?120 s per bout. Two-dimensional, power and contrast-enhanced (Levovist, 300 mg/ml, 0.3 ml/kg) imaging was performed pre- and post-treatment. Pathology examination was applied in contrast. Results Along the needle being narrow hyper echoic imaging, broad-equable hypo echoic imaging was observed around the center after MTC immediately and the edge of tumor was unclear. Intratumoral blood flow was observed in 4 VX 2 tumors with power ultrasonography while there was enhanced-signal in 10 VX 2 tumors using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. These tumors were confirmed incomplete necrosis by pathology. Conclusions Contrast-enhanced power Doppler ultrasonography shows more sensitive in assessing the therapeutic effect of microwave on VX 2 tumor. Residual tumor can be seen as persistent color enhancement by using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography.

Objective To compare the effectiveness of acetic acid injection(AI) and microwave(MW) coagulation in the treatment of rabbits hepatic VX 2 tumors. Methods Eighteen rabbits with VX 2 tumor were divided into two groups randomly,one was treated by precutaneous acetic acid injection,and the other by microwave at laparotomy. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (Levovist) was used to assess the therapeutic effect after treatment. Pathologic changes were observed chronologically. Results Anomalo-necrosis areas including tumors and surrounding normal liver tissue were observed after AI,multiple point or sheet necrosis was confirmed by pathology. Long oval-shap coagulated areas were observed after MW,incomplete necrosis after treatment was immediately confirmed by pathology and changed to complete necrosis in two weeks. Conclusions AI is more effective in the treatment of liver tumors,but diffuses easily to normal liver and the necrosis area is not stable. MW thermal field is steady and necrosis area is reliable.