Objective To investigate the incidence of leukemia in infants, and to understand the status of this disease in recent years. Methods A total of 5802 children aged median 6 years (0-12 years) with first time bone marrow biopsy from January 2009 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed, and the results of bone marrow image analysis were analyzed retrospectively to investigate the incidence of leukemia. Results Of the 5802 cases, 480 (8.27 %) cases were children with leukemia. Among them, 381 (79.38 %) cases were acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), 99 (20.62 %) cases were acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The proportion of children with leukemia with first time marrow puncture was 5.33%(40/750), 4.92%(36/731), 7.06%(58/821), 8.34%(78/935), 10.13%(88/868), 10.89%(92/845), and 10.33%(88/852) from 2009 to 2015, respectively. The proportion of male patients per year was more than female, and the incidence in preschool and school-age children was higher [33.75 % (162/480) and 34.79 % (167/480), respectively]. Conclusion The proportion of children's leukemia in children with the first time bone marrow aspiration in Shanxi Children's Hospital increases year by year, and its risk factors need to be further analyzed.

Objective To discuss the efficacy of neural endoscopic and surgical operation in patients with cerebral hemorrhage induced by hypertension.Methods Sixty cases with cerebral hemorrhage induced by hypertension admitted at the People′s Hospital of Bortala from January 2015 to June 2016 were divided into the control group(n=32) and research group(n=28) according to cerebral hemorrhage surgical method.The patients of the control group were given conventional surgical operation treatment while the observation group were given neural endoscopic treatment.The operative time and intraoperative blood loss,and situation of hematoma absorption before and after operation and prognosis between the two groups were compared.Results The operative time and intraoperative blood loss of the two groups were respectively (132.6±35.4) min,(49.8±12.3) ml and (236.5±46.2) min,(263.5±49.8) ml,the observation group were obviously lower than that of the control group,the differences were statistically significant(t=6.532,9.548,all P<0.05).The preoperative hematoma volume,postoperative hematoma volume and hematoma clearance of the two groups were respectively (6.8±1.5) ml,(82.7±6.3)% and (16.3±3.1) ml,(57.8±5.2)%,the postoperative hematoma volume of observation group were obviously lower than that of the control group while the hematoma clearance obviously increased,the differences were statistically significant(t=6.584,-5.263,all P<0.05).The ADL assessment in patients of observation group was better than the control group and the death rate was lower than that of control group,the differences were statistically significant(3.6%(1/28) vs.21.9%(7/32),χ2=10.580,4.329,all P<0.05).Conclusion The efficacy of neural endoscopic applied in patients with cerebral hemorrhage induced by hypertension is remarkable,it causes little damage to the body and can obviously improve the effect of prognosis,it is worth popularization and application.

Objective To explore the protective effect of liraglutide ( Li) on the proximal tubular cells ( PTECs) of rats induced by model control. Methods The PTECs of rats were obtained by primary culture and divided into normal control group ( NC) , model control group ( HG) , HG+low-dose Li group, HG+medium-dose Li group, and HG+high-dose Li group ( n-6 in each group) . After 72 h of incubation, the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase in PTECs was measured by the liquid scintillation counter. Protein expression of Toll-like receptor 4 ( TLR4 ) was measured by Western blotting. Interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) , tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in culture supernatants were measured by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Compared with NC, activity of Na+/K+-ATPase [(2 737. 88±317. 22)μmol·g-1 ·h-1 ] and the protein expression of TLR4 in PTECs, IL-6, TNF-α and PAI-1 in culture supernatants were significantly increased in HG (P<0. 05, or P<0. 01). Compared with HG, activity of Na+/ K+-ATPase and the protein expression of TLR4 in cells, IL-6, TNF-αand PAI-1 in culture supernatants reduced significantly in HG+medium-or high dose Li groups (P<0. 05, or P<0. 01). Conclusion Liraglutide can inhibit the expression of inflammatory cytokines and stabilize the Na+/ K+-ATPase’ s activity in PTECs in high glucose environment. Therefore, it may play a role in kidney protection.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,therapy and prognostic features of granulocytic sarcoma (GS).Methods Retrospective analysis was used to analyse 10 cases who were diagnosed with GS.Results Five patients were diagnosed with primary GS.GS was accompanied by APL in one case,CML in 3 cases and MDS in one case.Patients were treated with resection and chemotherapy,or imatinib treatment.Follow-up data were available from 9 patients,with 2 patients being still alive.The survival of one patient who received high-dose cytarabine chemotherapy was 66 months.The other 7patients died of tumor-related diseases,and their survival ranged from 4 to 17 months.Conclusion GS is a rarely diagnosed disease.A correct diagnosis of GS depends on detailed morphological examination and immunohistochemical study.The clinical outcome of patients is poor,and AML-type chemotherapy is the proper treatment for GS.High-intensity chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation might improve long-term survival.

Objective To investigate the pathogenic features and antibiotic resistance profile of nosocomial and community-acquired spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in liver cirrhosis patients.Methods Two hundred and twenty-six cirrhotic patients with SBP who were admitted to Beijin Ditan Hospital from January 2001 to December 2008 were recruited into this study. The bacterial identification and drug susceptibility were performed. The data were analyzed by Chi square test and t test. Results Eighty-six(38.0% ) patients were diagnosed with nosocomial SBP and 140 (62.0%)were diagnosed with community-acquired SBP. The proportion of Child-Pugh Class C cases in patients with nosocomial SBP was higher than patients with community acquired SBP (97.7% vs. 82.8%; x2= 11. 489, P=0.001). Mortality rate in patients with nosocomiat SBP was also higher than patients with community acquired SBP (50. 0% vs. 30. 0%; x2 =9. 081,P=0. 003). Total 28 species (232strains) of bacteria were isolated from these patients. 77.5 % (69/89) of the nosomial SBP cases and 76.9% (110/143) of community-acquired SBP cases were caused by Gram-negative bacteria (mainly were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae). 19.1% nosocomial SBP cases and 21. 8%community-acquired SBP cases were caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Fungus infections accounted for 3.4% and 1.4% of these two population, respectively(P＞0.05). In patients with nosocomial SBP,19 out of 32 Escherichia coli stains and 5 out of 14 Klebsiella pneunmoniae strains were extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) positive, while among 60 Escherichia coli stains and 32 Klebsiella pneunmoniae strains, only 11 Escherichia coli stains were ESBL positive (P＜0.05). The resistance rates of Gram-negative strains to cephalosporin and quinolone in nosocomial SBP patients were both higher than those in community-acquired SBP patients(P＜0. 05), but all Gram-negative isolates were sensitive to imipenem (P＞ 0. 05). No Gram-positive isolates resistant to vancomycin were found.Conclusions The liver cirrhosis patients with Child-Pugh Class C are vulnerable to nosocomial SBP and the prognosis is poor. Although the pathogenic spectrum are similar in cirrhotic patients with nosocomial and community-acquired SBP, which mainly are Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, the percentage of ESBL producing strains is higher in nosocomial SBP patients compared to that in community-acquired SBP patients.

OBJECTIVE:To provide a method of quality control for Yugan Fuzheng capsule (preparation of Chinese materia medica). METHOD:High performance thin-layer chromatographic scanning (HPTLCS) was used for the determination of astragaloside Ⅳ in the preparation. RESULTS: The spots of astragaloside Ⅳ on the HPTLCS plate had a good linearity between its content and area within the range of 2～12μg(r＝0.9994).The average recovery was 98.9%,and the RSD was 2.00%. CONCLUSION: This qualitative determination for astragaloside Ⅳ can be used as quality control because of its convenience,accuracy and good reproducibility.

Objective To investigate the early impact of incremental peritoneal dialysis.Methods 109 new peritoneal dialysis patients treated with incremental peritoneal dialysis were included in the present study.Clinical data,dialysis adequacy and nutritional status were evaluated at the initiation of dialysis and at 3 months after PD.Results The peritoneal dialysis patients achieved good results in the dialysis adequacy and nutrition at the end of the 3rd month.The patients' comorbidities reduced.BP and blood work improved significantly during the first 3 months.Conclusion Our results suggest that incremental PD improve patients clinical status even at the early stage of dialysis.