Objective:To explore the association between frailty index (FI) and the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and provide new evidence for the prevention of CVD in adults in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Methods:The FI was constructed by using the data from a prospective cohort with a sample size of 25 055 individuals in 6 years of follow-up, and the prevalence of frailty in adults in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was described by the FI, and Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to evaluate the association between the FI and the incidence of CVD in adults in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Results:The FI of the study population was 0.24±0.09. The population in the pre-frail (FI: 0.21-0.27) and frail (FI≥0.28) phases had increased risk for CVD compared to non-frail (FI≤0.20) population [pre-frail: hazard ratio ( HR)=1.232, 95% CI: 1.127-1.347; frail phase: HR=1.418, 95% CI:1.299-1.548]. For every 0.10 increase in FI, the risk for cardiovascular disease increased by 20.3% ( HR=1.203,95% CI:1.156-1.252). Conclusions:In this study, we constructed a FI, which can suggest the risk for CVD. As the increase of frailty degree, the risk for CVD increases.

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of hemoperfusion (HP) and gammaglobulin on the treatment of Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura (HSP) with gastrointestinal bleeding in children.Methods:Case-control study.A total of 39 HSP children combined with gastrointestinal bleeding diagnosed in the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology and Immunology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2015 to December 2019 were retrospectively recruited.They were divided into the HP group and the gammaglobulin group according to the therapeutic strategy.Clinical data were collected, and a 6-month follow-up survey was conducted for monitoring the relapse of gastrointestinal bleeding and the occurrence of kidney injury.The differences between groups were compared by Fisher′s exact test, two independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis H-test, and One-Way ANOVA. Results:(1) There were 20 cases in the HP group and 19 cases were included in the gammaglobulin group.The gammaglobulin group was younger than the HP treatment group.(2) In addition to gastrointestinal bleeding, children in both groups had other clinical symptoms, such as abdominal pain, angioneurotic edema, and hematuria.(3)Comparison of laboratory indexes: Inflammatory indexes: white blood cell count (WBC), C-creative protein (CRP) and coagulation function indexes: fibrin degradation products (FDP), D-dimer (DD) were significantly elevated before treatment in the 2 groups, and there was no difference between the 2 groups ( P>0.05); WBC, CRP and FDP, DD declined in the 2 groups after treatment compared with the former, and there was no difference between the 2 groups ( P>0.05); (4) Comparison of clinical manifestations: when HP was applied with gammaglobulin in the treatment window within 3 d, the difference in the time of abdominal pain relief in the HP group was shorter than that of the gammaglobulin group [1.00(1.00, 1.00) d vs.2.00(1.75, 6.50) d, P=0.011]; comparing the time of gastrointestinal bleeding stopping when HP was applied with gammaglobulin comparison, the difference in gastrointestinal bleeding cessation time was not statistically significant ( P>0.05); (5) Comparison of hospitalization time: within 3 d application of HP compared with other window period hospitalization time were significantly reduced [(16.89±4.99) d than (19.20±2.39) d than (34.83±8.40) d, both P<0.05]; (6) Comparison of hospitalization costs: within 3 d application of HP compared with other window period hospitalization costs were significantly reduced [25 554.03 (22 168.61, 28 527.30) yuan than 33 619.48 (32 661.18, 36 971.47) yuan than 51 290.34 (34 163.04, 64 772.66) yuan, both P<0.05]; There were no statistically significant difference in the hospitalization time and hospitalization cost between and within the gammaglobulin group (all P>0.05); (7) Comparison of hormone dosages: the difference in the results of the initial dose of hormone use, pre-treatment dose of gammaglobulin/HP, and post-treatment dose of gammaglobulin/HP between the two groups of children was not statistically significant(all P>0.05). Safety profile was comparable between groups.The difference in hormone dosage before and after treatment within the gammaglobulin and HP treatment group was statistically different ( P<0.001). Conclusions:For children with severe HSP accompanied by gastrointestinal bleeding, early treatment with blood purification can rapidly relieve clinical symptoms and reduce the number of hospital days and hospitalization costs.For cases where blood purification is not available or suitable, gammaglobulin treatment is another option.

Objective:To understand the current status and its associated factors of dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among adolescents in Shandong Province and explore the reasons for dual use behavior.Methods:A self-administered survey was conducted among 7 999 middle school students who were selected by stratified multi-stage cluster sample method. Data were weighted and analyzed by the SPSS 25.0 complex program.Results:In Shandong Province, the prevalence rates of attempting and current dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among adolescents appeared as 7.7% and 1.3%, respectively. Male, friends smoking, and secondhand smoke exposure in the past 7 days were risk factors for dual use. Compared with cigarette smokers, dual users have no differences in cognition and behavior in quitting smoking ( P>0.05). The main reason for dual users to smoke e-cigarettes was curiosity. Conclusions:Dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes is common among adolescents in Shandong Province, and its influencing factors are similar to traditional cigarettes. Dual use is not a transitional stage for smoking cessation. Dual users are more likely to continue smoking in the future, which should be paid attention and concern.

Objective: To identify high risk behaviors and infection related factors among young adult males diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in Shandong Province, to provide evidence for targeted AIDS prevention and control strategies. Methods: By using convient sampling method, an face to face in depth interview on HIV related behaviors was conducted among young adult males newly diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in Shandong Province in July 2021. Results: A total of 31 young adult males diagnosed with HIV/AIDS were interviewed. All were male and infected through homosexuality behavior. Average age was (20.6±1.8) years. Totally 90.3% (28/31) were enrolled in tertiary education at the time of diagnosis. The findings revealed that 93.5% (29/31) of participants got infection due to unprotected homosexual behavior with the temporary partner whose HIV infection status was unknown, and 86.2% (25/29) got in touch with these temporary partner by social software. The awareness rate of knowledge about AIDS among all the participants was 100%, however, 83.9% (26/31) reported occasion condom usage while having homosexual behavior, and 16.1% (5/31) never did. Totally 74.2% (23/31) of the young adult males diagnosed with HIV/AIDS had a history of HIV testing before diagnosis. Conclusion The primary high risk behavior of HIV infection in young adult students are unawareness of HIV infection status for temporary sexual partner and the separation of knowing and doing. A targeted strategy should be developed to control the spread of HIV in young adult students.

The gut microbiome shows changes under a plateau environment, while the disbalance of intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); however, the relationship between the two remains unexplored. In this work, we followed up a healthy cohort for up to a year before and after living in a plateau environment and performed 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing analysis of their fecal samples. Through evaluating the participants' clinical symptoms, combined with an IBS questionnaire, we screened the IBS sub-population in our cohort. The sequencing results showed that a high-altitude environment could lead to changes in the diversity and composition of gut flora. In addition, we found that the longer the time volunteers spent in the plateau environment, the more similar their gut microbiota composition and abundance became compared to those before entering the plateau, and IBS symptoms were significantly alleviated. Therefore, we speculated that the plateau may be a special environment that induces IBS. The taxonomic units g_Alistipes, g_Oscillospira, and s_Ruminococcus_torques, which had been proved to play important roles in IBS pathogenesis, were also abundant in the IBS cohort at high altitudes. Overall, the disbalance of gut microbiota induced by the plateau environment contributed to the high frequency of IBS and the psychosocial abnormalities associated with IBS. Our results prompt further research to elucidate the relevant mechanism.

Objective:To analyze the status of first viral load (VL) suppression for newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral therapy (ART) from 2014 to 2016 in Shandong province, to provide theoretical evidence for improvement of ART effectiveness.Methods:Based on a retrospective cohort study, logistic regression model was used to identify influencing factors about VL suppression.Results:There were 4 833 newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases who received ART from 2014 to 2016 in Shandong province, and 3 449 cases achieved VL suppression at the first VL testing. The rate of first VL suppression was 71.36%. The possibilities of first VL suppression among patients on ART with education at junior high school, junior college and above were higher than those with education at primary school and below, with OR values at 1.75 and 2.00, separately. The possibilities of first VL suppression for patients treated at medical institutions was higher than those by CDC, with OR value 1.29. The possibilities of first VL suppression among patients whose CD4 count level at 201-350, 351-500 and ≥501 cells/μl were higher than that of the patients whose CD4 count level at ≤200 cells/μl, with OR values at 2.36, 2.11 and 2.66, respectively. The possibilities of first VL suppression among patients who missed doses was lower than those who did not miss doses, with OR value at 0.55. All the Pvalues for the above comparisons was <0.05. Conclusions:The suppression of viral load for HIV/AIDS on ART was influenced by culture level, CD4 count level at the entry of ART, treatment institutions and adherence to the therapy. Earlier diagnosis, treatment services provided by medical institutions and improvement of drug adherence can enhance ART effectiveness.

Objective To study the effects of endophytic fungus Epichloë bromicola SH09 on the plant growth and accumulation of active components in Salvia miltiorrhiza, and improve the quality of medicinal plant S. miltiorrhiza. Methods E. bromicola SH09 solid bacterial fertilizer was prepared and co-cultured with S. miltiorrhiza for 60 d and 120 d. Four morphological indexes, fresh weight of roots, dry weight of roots, and the contents of four tanshinones and two phenolic acids in the roots of S. miltiorrhiza from treated group and control group were assayed, respectively. Results After 60 d and 120 d co-culture, E. Bromicola SH09 significantly increased the tiller number, plant height, leaf number, leaf area, fresh weight of roots, dry weight of roots, and the content of tanshinones and phenolic acids in S. miltiorrhiz. Conclusion The endophytic fungus E. bromicola SH09 can effectively promote the plant growth and improve the accumulation of active components in S. miltiorrhiza, which not only broadens the new ecological functions of endophytic fungi, but also improves the quality of medicinal plant S. miltiorrhiza.

Objective:To analyze the timeliness and influencing factors of antiretroviral treatment (ART) among HIV/AIDS patients from 2017 to 2019 in Shandong province.Methods:Data were collected from the Chinese HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System, HIV/AIDS cases enrolled in antiretroviral therapy, from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019, ≥15 years of age and from the mainland of China were the subjects of the study. The general demographic characteristics (gender, age, ethnicity, education level, marital status, etc), infection routes, sample sources, date of diagnosis, baseline CD4+ T cell level, and clinical stage and other information were collected from the database. Univariate analysis was conducted for the timeliness of ART of the subjects by Chi square test, and the influencing factors associated with timeliness of ART were analyzed by binary non-conditional Logistic regression.Results:Among the 7 425 cases of HIV/AIDS, 6 813(91.8%) were male, 5 236(70.5%) had homosexual transmission, the age at the ART initiation was(36.05±12.51)years. The proportion of timeliness of ART within 30 d increased from 55.9% (1145/2050) in 2017 to 65.3% (1821/2789) in 2019. The possibility of timeliness of ART among HIV/AIDS who were married or cohabiting, education of high school and above were higher, with OR values at 1.136, 1.299. The possibility of timeliness of ART among HIV/AIDS cases whose domicile place is outside Shandong province were lower, with OR values at 0.664. The possibility of timeliness of ART in group of HIV/AIDS aging≥55, 45~54 and 35~44 years old were higher than that in 15~24 years old, with OR values at 1.530, 1.505 and 1.394. The possibility of timeliness of ART among the heterosexuals were lower than that of homosexuals, with OR values at 0.803. The possibility of timeliness of ART is lower for cases in places of detention centers than cases from volunteer testing and counseling, with OR values at 0.204. The possibility of timeliness of ART among HIV/AIDS cases whose CD4+ T lymphocyte at >500 cells/μL were lower than that of the cases whose CD4+ T lymphocyte at≤500 cells/μl, with OR values at 0.545. Patients without symptoms at baseline were less likely to receive prompt treatment than those with clinical symptoms, with OR values at 0.727. Patients with baseline clinical staging of stage Ⅳ, period of HIV/AIDS treatment with timeliness was longer than the cases with baseline clinical stages ofⅠ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, with OR values at 1.307. Conclusions:The proportion of timeliness of ART increased from 2017 to 2019. Marital status, educational level, age, sample source, infection routes, baseline clinical stage, and CD4+ T lymphocyte levels were associated with the timeliness of ART.

Objective:To analyze the status of follow-up and its correlation with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients from 2014 to 2016 in Shandong province, then to provide theoretical evidence for the improvement of follow-up and HAART.Methods:Based on retrospective cohort study, logistic regression model was used to identify influencing factors of follow-up for HIV/AIDS, and chi-square test was used to do correlation analysis.Results:There were 6253 newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases from 2014 to 2016 in Shandong province, and 6011 cases accepted follow-up service. The cumulative follow-up rate was 96.13%, and timely follow-up rate was 94.51%. Higher prevalence of follow-up was found among those aged 15-24 years at diagnosis, diagnosed by VCT, with education level of college and above, lived in east of Shandong province and infected with homosexual sex behaviors. HIV/AIDS cases who received follow-up service within 1 year of diagnosis were more likely to receive HAART ( OR=5.28, 95% CI: 3.51-7.95) and meet the level of viral load (VL) suppression ( OR=4.30, 95% CI: 2.89-6.40) than those who received follow-up service later. Conclusions:The status of follow-up of HIV/AIDS in Shandong province was influenced by age at diagnosis, sample resource, cultural level, address and transmission route. Timely follow-up can improve the proportion and effect of HIV/AIDS treatment.

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS infected students in Shandong Province, to provide a basis for the prevention and control of AIDS transmission in the student population. Methods: All 863 HIV/AIDS students cases during 2010-2019 were collected in Shandong Province. Epidemiological characteristics was described and the trends in the 10 years since 2010 was analyzed. Results: These 863 HIV/AIDS students were mainly transmitted through homosexual sex (763 cases, 88.41%), and the samples were mainly from voluntary consultation testing (433 cases, 50.17%). From 2010 to 2019, the proportion of student cases in the total number of cases showed an increasing trend ( χ 2 trend =30.21, P <0.01). Among them, the proportion of homosexual transmission cases increased year by year ( χ 2 trend =6.35, P =0.01), the proportion of cases aged 18-22 years increased year by year ( χ 2 trend =6.10, P =0.01), the proportion of cases with college degree or above increased year by year ( χ 2 trend =4.26, P =0.04). At present, voluntary consultation testing were the main source.There was no significant difference between the years of sample sources ( χ 2 trend =2.97, P =0.09). Conclusion The report number of students in Shandong Province are on the rise in recent years, especially those infected by same sex transmission, mainly with high education background, which calls for targeted strategies and intervention measures.